技术加管理 节约空调用电

我公司是主要生产锦纶BCF6地毯丝的独资外企。由于化纤生产特殊性，能耗较大，全厂用于生产工艺、设备和生活的空调机组有28套，空调冷负荷25．41GJ／h，冷冻水量1008t／h，空调热负荷1．49CJ／h，蒸汽量7t／h，设备用电总装机量707kW。节电改造前全厂耗电3350kW，而空调机组实际耗电达450kW，占全厂耗电13．43％1     

变频调速器代替蝶阀控制风量的节电效益

介绍了采用变频调速器代替蝶阀控制风量的原理及具体操作方法。中国石油秦京输油分公司在其输送管线12台加热炉上应用了该方法。应用结果表明,风量由改造前的6500m^3／h提高到7000m^3／h,风量充足且燃烧效果好,节约了燃料油。对改造后的迁安、丰润、宝坻3站6台加热炉进行经济分析可知,采用变频调速器,全年可节电502116kW·h,节约投资25万元．回收期约1a。     

IDC机房空调节能改造工程

本文介绍了中国联通唐山分公司高开区IDC(互联网数据中心)机房空调的节能改造工程,根据改造后空调机组耗电量的实测数据,对节能型机房空调与普通型机房空调的能耗进行了对比,证实了改造后机房空调方案具有很好的节能效果,可为相似老旧通信机房的节能改造提供参考.     

德兴铜矿二期碎矿的节能改造

本文阐述了德兴铜矿二期碎矿的节能改造,充分依靠该矿掌握PLC的能力,走出了一条自我设计、自我改造老系统,系统平均单耗由3．12kW·h／t矿下降到2．63kW·h／t矿,每年节电242万kW·h,价值110余万元。     

3200m^3／h制氧设备的节能增产改造

1概述杭钢集团公司动力厂KDON－3200／3200－I型空分设备系70年代产品，它采用氧、氮双高纯度、瓷球蓄冷器带环流、热虹吸液氧自循环的全低压流程，工艺落后，电耗较高。经多年运转后，氧气产量已下降至3000m3／h以下。为了节能增产，公司以1000万元投资和3个月改造期，对旧空分设备进行了局部技术改造，将落后的工艺流程改造成常温分子筛净化加增压膨胀机的全低压流程，不仅使氧气产量增加到4000m’／h以上，而且使氧气生产的单耗下降了0．lkwh／m3，年可节电300多万kwh，取得了较好的经济效益。2原空分设备状况该空分设备采用瓷球蓄冷器…     

基于变频和温控技术的医院空调系统节能改造

医院是公共建筑中能耗最大的建筑之一,这也意味着其空调系统存在着巨大的节能改造空间。针对辽宁省某儿童医院现有空调系统的运行现状和特点,以变频技术和温控技术为改造核心手段,提出了切实有效的节能改造方案。经过分析计算表明,该方案可节约用电量71.9万k W·h/a,间接减少标准煤用量240t/a,取得了良好的经济效益和社会环境效益。     

加氢裂化装置高压空冷器风机的改造

某石化公司150×10^4t／a加氢裂化装置高压空冷器风机风量小,叶片和翼型存在缺陷．传动方式效率低,导致高压分离器温度上升,气相循环氢体积增大,相应增大了循环氢压缩机负荷,造成汽轮机蒸汽耗量增加,循环氢纯度降低,产品质量变差。对高压空冷器4台风机实施了改造：采用新型HY系列玻璃钢叶片替换TB型铝风机叶片．采用啮合传动型的同步带传动替换摩擦传动型的多楔带传动。与改造前相比,改造后风机全压从170Pa提高到200Pa,风量从36×10^4m^3／h提高到46×10^4m^3／h,平均风速从3．391m／s提高到3．875m／s;反应流出物的温降提高了5℃;汽轮机3．5MPa蒸汽消耗量每小时可节约0．6t;加氢裂化装置运行平稳。加工量从149．44t／h提高到164．75t／h。     

能源审计在既有中央空调节能改造中的应用

为了降低空调能耗,对某大型中央空调系统的用能现状和节能改造措施进行了研究。根据建筑能源审计理论和既有空调系统节能改造的要求,确定了系统参数实测、能效分析与审计、分析节能改造方案的顺序;对某中央空调的制冷机房的运行参数进行了实测,对系统和设备分别进行了初步能源审计和单一能源审计,并对各审计能效值与标准能效值进行了比较,总结出节能改造措施。结果表明,该制冷机房主要存在的问题是在低负荷区间设备和系统的工作能效偏低,水泵的功率调节未能与冷负荷变化保持一致,低负荷区间的冷水机组群运行策略不够合理,可见系统至少存在20%以上的节能空间;节能改造措施主要是加强水系统的变流量,以降低水泵能耗和优化特别是低负荷区间的设备运行控制策略;说明了能源审计和能效标准比较法能定量地得到既有中央空调的用能现状和节能改造潜力。     

变频技术在蒸汽锅炉节能改造中的应用

应用变频技术对3台6t／h锅炉进行节能改造，将锅炉辅机、鼓风机、引风机、给水泵由工频控制改为变频控制。实践证明，年节约23．21万元，节能效果显著，是锅炉节能的有效途径。     

济南某酒店空调系统节能改造

对济南某星级酒店空调系统改造项目进行节能分析,探讨了对使用年限较长、建筑能耗较大的既有建筑空调系统进行节能改造的必要性。对该酒店空调系统设计的特点、设备配置以及装修配合等方面进行了分析,并就新旧空调方案进行了经济性比较,结果表明改造后空调系统具有较好的经济性和节能性,为同类型酒店的节能改造提供参考。     

Energy conservation and circular economy in China's process industries

Since energy consumption in process industries accounts for a great proportion of China's total energy consumption, energy conservation becomes the practical choice to reduce the conflict between energy demand and energy supply in China, and therefore, promoting energy conservation is the long-term solution to China's energy and environment problems from the source. In this paper, based on the introduction of the concept of energy consumption status in China's key energy-consuming process industries, the main technical bottlenecks and resource-environment problems were analyzed with special emphasis on energy utilization efficiency, energy consumption mode, and waste emission. As for the measures to resolve these problems, at the policy level, policies and programs of Chinese government related to energy conservation were introduced in combination with China's circular economy structure. At the technical level, the key technologies and research progress to improve energy utilization efficiency, reducing energy consumption, as well as utilizing the resource of discharged wastes were reviewed. Finally, three typical cases of the development of circular economy at three levels, namely the chemical industry, metallurgical industry, and electric power industry, were studied for the enforcement of circular economy and energy conservation in China's process industries.     

吉林镍业公司工业锅炉排污系统的改造

针对吉林镍业公司4台20t/h工业锅炉的排污系统进行了研究分析,从节能的角度出发,对整个排污系统进行了改造,并研究开发了一种新型的抽吸蒸发式排污扩容冷却器,对我国的工业锅炉的排污系统节能改造具有一定的参考价值。     

Specific energy consumption in microwave drying of garlic cloves

The convective and microwave-convective drying of garlic cloves was carried out in a laboratory scale microwave dryer, which was developed for this purpose. The specific energy consumption involved in the two drying processes was estimated from the energy supplied to the various components of the dryer during the drying period. The specific energy consumption was computed by dividing the total energy supplied by amount of water removed during the drying process. The specific energy consumption in convective drying of garlic cloves at 70 °C temperature and 1.0 m/s air velocity was estimated as 85.45 MJ/kg of water evaporated. The increase in air velocity increased the energy consumption. The specific energy consumption at 40 W of microwave power output, 70 °C air temperature and 1.0 m/s air velocity was 26.32 MJ/kg of water removed, resulting in about a 70% energy saving as compared to convective drying processes. The drying time increased with increase in air velocity in microwave-convective drying process; a trend reverse to what was observed in convective drying process of garlic cloves.     

衡水市地下水超采区农业灌溉耗能分析

针对华北平原地下水严重超采导致粮食-水-能源矛盾突出的问题,以河北省衡水市为例,分析了其2008~2014年间地下水埋深变化情况,利用能量转换原理计算了各年份的地下水灌溉总耗能及单位粮食产量耗能,进而探讨了地下水灌溉耗能对全市电能消费结构的影响。结果表明,衡水市地下水埋深以平均每年1.97m的速度增加,武邑、枣强等七年间的地下水位变幅均超过15m;2008~2014年全市地下水灌溉总耗能从11.95×10~8 MJ上升到14.31×10~8 MJ,单位粮食产量灌溉耗能从356.6 MJ/t上升到393.0 MJ/t;2014年地下水灌溉用电量占全市总用电量的13.9%,对电能消费结构产生着重要影响。结果可为地下水超采区节水、节能提供科学依据,同时为粮食-水-能源体系的联合发展提供新思路。     

中国农村生活用能及其碳排放分析(2001-2010)

分析了2001~2008年中国农村生活用能的变化以及2001~2010年中国农村生活用能对气候变化的影响。研究发现,农村生活用能呈现了从非商品能源向商品能源转变的趋势,其中,传统生物质能源的消费比例从81.5%下降至70.9%,而商品能源则从17.1%上升至25.1%。此外,除传统生物质能源外的其它可再生能源的消费增长迅速,年均增长率为19.8%。与此相应,农村生活用能消费所导致的碳排放呈现出显著的增加趋势,由152.2百万t上升至366.89百万t,且农村人均CO2排放的增长速度是同期城镇人口的1.87倍。分析认为,影响商品能源消费的主要因素是农村居民收入的增加,强有力的政策支持则促进了农村除传统生物质能源外其他可再生能源的发展。     

Stochastic scheduling of power system in the presence of electric vehicle and renewable sources considering security and economic indexes using an improved mutation particle swarm optimization (M-PSO) algorithm

Increased air pollution and global temperature as well as motor vehicle fuel consumption have depleted fossil fuel resources and increased environmental problems caused by the consumption of such fuels. In addition to methods such as combined heat and power (CHP) technology and distributed generation (DG) of energy at the consumption site, renewable energy sources and EVs are considered suitable methods for achieving this goal, which is prepared by the grid or battery electric energy. Generation uncertainty due to the lack of solar radiation and constant wind blow at different hours of the day is the only challenge for using renewable energies. Moreover, system reliability is a concept that refers to the safe and reliable operation of the system. In general, the wider and more important the system, the more attention that is paid to calculating its reliability in planning and decision making. This study aims to examine the problem of probabilistic power system planning by calculating the power system reliability, evaluating the effect of the presence of these vehicles on security and economic indicators and renewable energy sources, and modeling uncertainties using a Least Squares Generative Adversarial Network (LSGANs) method with generating various scenarios for solar irradiance and wind speed. Furthermore, the Kantorovich distance matrix (KDM) is used to reduce the number of generated scenarios. In the proposed model, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) method is implemented to assess and control the risk caused by uncertainties of the proposed problem. Using the power stored in the EV battery is evaluated to cover wind and solar energy source uncertainties.     

齐鲁乙烯能耗剖析及降低能耗的措施

中国石化齐鲁分公司乙烯装置经过二期扩建改造后,产能达800kt/a.结合齐鲁乙烯能耗现状,通过与先进企业在能耗结构及水平方面的对比,找出了乙烯装置节能工作中存在的问题.由于齐鲁乙烯裂解原料重,裂解深度高,造成燃料消耗偏高.燃料消耗高是导致齐鲁乙烯能耗偏高的主要原因.齐鲁乙烯蒸汽透平配备较多,裂解炉10.0MPa蒸汽温度控制较低,蒸汽保温效果不佳,到机组前温度损失较大,是造成齐鲁乙烯蒸汽消耗高的主要原因.通过优化乙烯原料结构,提高原料质量,实施裂解炉优化操作,降低蒸汽消耗等措施,2011年,石脑油裂解炉炉管出口平均温度(COT)由836℃调整为827℃,汽油比由0.65降低到0.5,动力锅炉产蒸汽及裂解炉自产蒸汽温度提高10～15℃,稀释蒸汽发生量增加10t/h,齐鲁乙烯能耗降为575.75kg标油/t,迈人中国石化(SINOPEC)先进行列.     

Collection efficiency of cylindrical and elliptic cyclone dust collectors with vortex breaker

IntroductionUntil now there are many papers concerning thecollection efficiency and the cut-size Xo for thereturned type, axial type and also rotary flow typesof the cyclone dust collectors[1'2'3'4]. The crosssection of these cyclones is the circular cylindricalbody. One of the main reasons for the circularsection is that the flow control on the threedimensional turbulent rotational flow becomeseasy and also the movement of the solid particlesalong the concave wall surface becomes smooth. Sot…     

节点理论在抽油机系统节能中的应用

2004年大庆油田采油十厂机采系统能耗占全部能耗的43.56%,系统效率仅为6.0%。相关文献和资料表明:常规抽油机-有杆泵抽油系统中各耗能节点依照效率从低到高排序依次为电机、抽油泵、抽油杆、管柱、皮带、减速箱、四连杆机构和盘根盒。对能量传递过程中能量损失较大的电机、抽油泵、抽油杆和管柱的效率进行分析后,确定如下节能措施:更换节能电机和节能配电箱,提高电机效率;使用HY级高强度抽油杆代替D级抽油杆;应用系统效率优化软件对单井参数实施动态调整,包括冲次调整、冲程调整、泵径调整和泵深调整等。通过实施以上措施,大庆十厂机采系统能耗得到有效控制,总装机功率上升幅度与抽油机井年耗电增长幅度均低于井数增加比例,吨液机采耗电从2007年的51.05kW·h/t下降至2008年的50.62kW·h/t,系统效率从2007年的6.78%升至2008年的6.85%。     

煤焦化企业运用循环经济实施节能减排的途径

叙述了山西省焦化工业的发展和存在的问题。指出，只有走循环经济之路、抓节能降耗、综合利用、节能减排，才能振兴山西的煤焦化工业。