空心微球表面化学镀Ni薄膜的工艺研究

比较空心微球表面化学镀Ni薄膜的工艺。分别以Sn-Pd胶体溶液和[Ag（NH3）2]^＋溶液作为活化剂，将空心微球表面进行活化，再采用化学镀的方法分别在其上淀积金属Ni薄膜。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散光谱（EDS）和X-射线衍射光谱（XRD）对两种工艺所镀Ni薄膜的表面微观结构和组分进行表征。结果表明：用Sn—Pd胶体溶液活化后的空心微球表面淀积了均匀、致密的金属Ni薄膜，该薄膜是由大小约100nm的颗粒组成；而以[Ag（NH3）2]^＋溶液活化后的空心微球表面淀积的金属Ni薄膜，是由大小约1μm的颗粒组成。并分析了这两种镀层形成的机理。     

空心微球表面化学镀Ni薄膜的工艺研究

比较空心微球表面化学镀Ni薄膜的工艺.分别以Sn-Pd胶体溶液和[Ag(NH3)2]+溶液作为活化剂,将空心微球表面进行活化,再采用化学镀的方法分别在其上淀积金属Ni薄膜.使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散光谱(EDS)和X-射线衍射光谱(XRD)对两种工艺所镀Ni薄膜的表面微观结构和组分进行表征.结果表明:用Sn-Pd胶体溶液活化后的空心微球表面淀积了均匀、致密的金属Ni薄膜,该薄膜是由大小约100 nm的颗粒组成;而以[Ag(NH3)2]+溶液活化后的空心微球表面淀积的金属Ni薄膜,是由大小约1 μm的颗粒组成.并分析了这两种镀层形成的机理.     

空心陶瓷微球表面化学镀钴工艺及电磁性能研究

采用化学镀工艺,在粒径为1～20μm空心陶瓷微球表面包覆了一层金属Co。先以Sn-Pd溶液作为活化剂,将空心微球表面进行活化,再采用以次亚磷酸钠为还原剂的碱性镀液使其表面沉积上金属Co。使用X射线能谱仪(EDX)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对包覆结果进行表征,通过优化确定出最佳化学镀液配方。用网络矢量分析仪对包覆了Co的空心微球的电磁参数进行了测量。结果表明:经过化学镀的空心微球表面包覆了一层致密,均匀的金属镀层,得到的功能化空心微球在2～18GHz的频率范围内具有较高的介电常数,具有一定的微波吸收性能。     

轻型复合空心金属微球的制备方法

轻型复合空心金属微球的制备方法是一种新型的功能材料的制备方法，属于电磁波吸收材料制造的技术领域。该制备方法为：①筛选出所需粒径的空心陶瓷微球：②将筛选出的空心陶瓷微球进行系列表面处理，以达到有良好的金属结合位点；③先进行敏化处理．再进行活化处理，使陶瓷微球表面获得一层分布均匀的活性引发层：④     

基于空心氧化铝微球造孔的陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮

研究空心氧化铝微球质量分数和粒径（0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mm）对砂轮的总气孔率、抗弯强度、硬度和微观结构的影响，制备以空心氧化铝微球为造孔剂的陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮，并研究砂轮对石英玻璃的磨削性能。结果表明:随着空心氧化铝微球质量分数增加，砂轮总气孔率升高，抗弯强度和硬度降低；空心氧化铝微球质量分数相同时，其粒径越小，砂轮的总气孔率越高，抗弯强度和硬度越低；制备的空心氧化铝微球陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮可用于磨削石英玻璃，加工后石英玻璃的表面粗糙度从0.5113 μm降至0.0206 μm。      

空心玻璃微球表面仿生沉积羟基磷灰石涂层

用NaOH和生物活性玻璃依次对空心玻璃微球进行预处理.将处理过的空心玻璃微球浸泡在1.5 SBF溶液中,仿生沉积得到羟基磷灰石涂层.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜以及热场发射扫描电镜对空心玻璃微球和涂层进行表征.结果表明,浸泡15天后在空心玻璃微球表面形成一层均匀致密的羟基磷灰石涂层,随时间延长涂层厚度增加.     

紫外光截止镀膜玻璃的射频磁控溅射法制备及表征

制备了摩尔比为1：1的TiO2和CeO2陶瓷靶材。采用射频磁控溅射法在O2和Ar比例为5：95的混合气体中制备了玻璃基TiO2-CeO2薄膜。溅射过程中，工作气压保持在1．8Pa不变，玻璃基片温度从室温（RT）～220℃之间变化。用x射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和紫外-可见光谱仪研究了薄膜的物相结构、表面组成、表面形貌和镀膜试样的紫外-可见光透过率。结果表明，薄膜表面结构平滑、致密，呈微小晶粒结构，薄膜中Ti和Ce仅以Ti^4＋和Ce^4＋的形式存在；随着基片温度升高，薄膜中的细小晶粒略有长大；TiO2-CeO2镀膜玻璃可以有效地截止紫外线。     

聚碳酸酯表面射频磁控溅射类金刚石薄膜的摩擦学性能

采用射频磁控溅射方法在聚碳酸酯片(PC)上沉积了类金刚石薄膜。利用激光拉曼光谱和扫描电子显微镜对薄膜的形貌及结构进行分析;采用表面粗糙度仪和球—盘式摩擦磨损试验机对薄膜的摩擦学性能进行测试。结果表明:利用射频磁控溅射方法在聚碳酸酯片上沉积的薄膜具有类金刚石特征;射频功率和直流偏压对sp3键含量有较大影响,并影响镀膜后聚碳酸酯材料的表面粗糙度。     

电化学外延生长亚稳态Co薄膜的结构和磁性表征

用循环伏安法在单晶Cu（110）上沉积了亚稳态fcc相的Co磁性薄膜，并用法拉第定律估算了薄膜的厚度约为17nm。X射线衍射结果表明薄膜具有（100）的单一取向结构，而用同样方法沉积在多晶Pt片上的Co薄膜则是六方多晶结构。用扫描电子显微镜、X射线以及同步辐射光电子能谱对薄膜的表面形貌、组成以及元素的化学态进行了表征，结果表明循环伏安法制备的薄膜平整连续，Co薄膜没有明显的氧化现象；磁性测量结果表明外延生长的薄膜具有典型的软磁特征，矫顽力约为100Oe，剩磁比约0．86。软X射线磁性圆二色实验结果计算得到Co薄膜的自旋磁矩和轨道磁矩非常接近于Co体相材料的数据。     

Co3O4-CoAl2O4薄膜的热处理温度对Co-WC选择性涂层吸收性能的影响规律研究

目的 提高Co-WC太阳能选择性吸收涂层的吸收性能。方法 采用溶胶-凝胶法在超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）制备的Co-WC涂层上涂覆Co3O4-CoAl2O4薄膜。在大气环境下,对样品进行梯度温度热处理,通过XRD表征在不同热处理温度下涂层的组成成分;利用FE-SEM和表面粗糙度仪观察涂层表面微观结构和测量涂层表面粗糙度;通过天平称量涂层质量变化来评价Co3O4-CoAl2O4涂层在不同温度下的服役性能;借助EDS分析Co3O4-CoAl2O4涂层的元素分布情况;使用UV-Vis-NIR分光光度计测试涂层的吸收性能。结果 经过Co3O4-CoAl2O4薄膜改善后,Co-WC涂层的吸收性能提高。其中在650 ℃热处理温度下,Co3O4-CoAl2O4涂层的吸收率最佳,α=0.901,表面为典型的尖晶石结构,晶粒尺寸细小,表面粗糙度为3.519 μm。650 ℃热处理温度下,Co3O4-CoAl2O4涂层在40 h抗超声震荡实验和20次抗热震实验中,相比其他热处理温度下的样品,质量变化最小,分别为14.9 mg和0.5 mg,且涂层的吸收率维持在0.89左右。结论 Co3O4-CoAl2O4薄膜通过选取合适的热处理温度,可以在改善Co-WC涂层表面状态的同时,一定程度上提高吸收性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。