自适应调整峰半径的适应值共享遗传算法

适应值共享遗传算法需要事先给出解空间中峰的数目或峰的半径,这对于某些问题来 说是有困难的.针对这类问题,提出将峰的半径作为决策变量,对其进行编码并放入染色体中参 与演化过程,利用遗传算法的优化能力在对问题进行优化的同时对个体的峰半径进行自适应调 整.用所提出的方法对多个标准测试问题的优化结果表明,采用自适应峰半径调整方法的适应 值共享遗传算法有很强的多峰搜索能力.     

Analysis of Compressed Document Images for Dominant Skew, Multiple Skew, and Logotype Detection

Among the most commonly used compression algorithms for document images are those defined by the Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT). CCITT Group III compression is used in all facsimile transmission by modem over analog telephone lines. CCITT Group IV is used in digital transmission and storage of document images. Sufficient readily interpretable spatial information exists in these compressed document images to enable their characterization. In particular, it is possible to locate the positions of the bottoms of both black and white structures. Using the bottoms of black structures we can determine the peak strength of their alignment in order to determine the dominant skew angle of the image. This method can be expanded, by finding minor peaks, to identify multiple skew angles in single images. The angular distributions of the peak alignments of both white and black structures are assembled to form an alignment signature. Logotypes can be designed which generate distinct alignment signatures that are detectable in the compressed representation.     

排挤小生态遗传算法的改进方法

提出了基于搜索空间聚类分析的聚类排挤小生态遗传算法.通过分析适应值曲面的拓扑结构和扩大相似个体的搜索范围,聚类排挤可确定搜索空间的局部性,减少排挤的替换错误并抑制种群的遗传漂移;通过结合确定性替换和概率替换策略,聚类排挤提高了并行局部爬山能力和并行子种群维持能力.对不同多峰问题的仿真优化结果表明,聚类排挤小生态遗传算法的有效峰数量、平均峰值比和全局最优解比等综合性能一致地优于适应值共享、简单确定性排挤和概率排挤等小生态遗传算法.     

Algorithms for Extracting Correct Critical Points and Constructing Topological Graphs from Discrete Geographical Elevation Data

Researchers in the fields of computer graphics and geographical information systems (GISs) have extensively studied the methods of extracting terrain features such as peaks, pits, passes, ridges, and ravines from discrete elevation data. The existing techniques, however, do not guarantee the topological integrity of the extracted features because of their heuristic operations, which results in spurious features. Furthermore, there have been no algorithms for constructing topological graphs such as the surface network and the Reeb graph from the extracted peaks, pits, and passes. This paper presents new algorithms for extracting features and constructing the topological graphs using the features. Our algorithms enable us to extract correct terrain features; i.e., our method extracts the critical points that satisfy the Euler formula, which represents the topological invariant of smooth surfaces. This paper also provides an algorithm that converts the surface network to the Reeb graph for representing contour changes with respect to the height. The discrete elevation data used in this paper is a set of sample points on a terrain surface. Examples are presented to show that the algorithms also appeal to our visual cognition.     

Method of multimodal biometric data analysis for optimal efficiency evaluation of recognition algorithms and systems

A primary consideration of this paper is to determine different factors influencing the reliability of performance evaluations of remote person recognition algorithms and systems. The authors suggest a method for determining and computing quantitative quality criteria of multimodal biometric data and consider the possibility of extrapolating test results to various practical applications. The functions of biometric data quality and biometric data artificiality that are introduced as a measure of proximity of the available biometric data to biometric data registered “naturally,” i.e., data of unaware and noncollaborative subjects, are under examination in this paper.     

基于差分隐私保护的Stacking集成聚类算法研究

针对差分隐私保护下单一聚类算法准确性和安全性不足的问题,提出了一种基于差分隐私保护的Stacking集成聚类算法。使用Stacking集成多种异质聚类算法,将K-means聚类、Birch层次聚类、谱聚类和混合高斯聚类作为初级聚类算法,结合轮廓系数对初级聚类算法产生的聚类结果加权并入原始数据,将K-means算法作为次级聚类算法对扩展后的数据集进行聚类分析。其中,针对原始数据和初级聚类算法的聚类结果分别提出自适应的ε函数确定隐私预算,为不同敏感度的数据分配不同程度的Laplace噪声。理论分析和实验结果均表明,与单一聚类算法相比,该算法满足ε-差分隐私保护的同时有效提高了聚类准确性,实现了隐私保护与数据可用性的高度平衡。     

A memetic particle swarm optimisation algorithm for dynamic multi-modal optimisation problems

Many real-world optimisation problems are both dynamic and multi-modal, which require an optimisation algorithm not only to find as many optima under a specific environment as possible, but also to track their moving trajectory over dynamic environments. To address this requirement, this article investigates a memetic computing approach based on particle swarm optimisation for dynamic multi-modal optimisation problems (DMMOPs). Within the framework of the proposed algorithm, a new speciation method is employed to locate and track multiple peaks and an adaptive local search method is also hybridised to accelerate the exploitation of species generated by the speciation method. In addition, a memory-based re-initialisation scheme is introduced into the proposed algorithm in order to further enhance its performance in dynamic multi-modal environments. Based on the moving peaks benchmark problems, experiments are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm in comparison with several state-of-the-art algorithms taken from the literature. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for DMMOPs.     

Genetic algorithms with a robust solution searching scheme

A large fraction of studies on genetic algorithms (GAs) emphasize finding a globally optimal solution. Some other investigations have also been made for detecting multiple solutions. If a global optimal solution is very sensitive to noise or perturbations in the environment then there may be cases where it is not good to use this solution. In this paper, we propose a new scheme which extends the application of GAs to domains that require the discovery of robust solutions. Perturbations are given to the phenotypic features while evaluating the functional value of individuals, thereby reducing the chance of selecting sharp peaks (i.e., brittle solutions). A mathematical model for this scheme is also developed. Guidelines to determine the amount of perturbation to be added is given. We also suggest a scheme for detecting multiple robust solutions. The effectiveness of the scheme is demonstrated by solving different one- and two-dimensional functions having broad and sharp peaks     

基于拉普拉斯中心性和密度峰值的无参数聚类算法

针对聚类算法的聚类中心选取需要人工参与的问题,提出了一种基于拉普拉斯中心性和密度峰值的无参数聚类算法（ALPC）。首先,使用拉普拉斯中心性度量对象的中心性;然后,使用正态分布概率统计方法确定聚类中心对象;最后,依据对象到各个中心的距离将各个对象分配到相应聚类中心实现聚类。所提算法克服了算法需要凭借经验参数和人工选取聚类中心的缺点。在人工数据集和真实数据集上的实验结果表明,与经典的具有噪声的基于密度的聚类方法（DBSCAN）、密度峰值聚类（DPC）算法以及拉普拉斯中心峰聚类（LPC）算法相比,ALPC具有自动确定聚类中心、无参数的特点,且具有较高的聚类精度。     

基于相互邻近度的密度峰值聚类算法

密度峰值聚类算法对密集程度不一数据的聚类效果不佳,样本分配过程易产生连带错误.为此,提出一种基于相互邻近度的密度峰值聚类算法.所提算法引入k近邻思想计算局部密度,以此保证密度的相对性.定义综合数据全局和局部特征的样本相互邻近度的度量准则,据此准则,提出一种新的样本分配策略.新的分配策略采用k近邻思想寻找密度峰值,将密度...     

光照不均匀图像的灰度波动局部阈值分割

针对工业图像经常存在不均匀光照的干扰,提出一种光照不均匀图像的灰度波动局部阈值分割算法。从水平及垂直方向上提取图像的灰度波动曲线,并迭代搜索每条曲线上满足给定波动幅度阈值的较大尺度波峰点和波谷点;在每对交替波峰点或波谷点之间求取浮动阈值来划定目标和背景像素的归属;对两个方向上取得的阈值图像进行相交操作得到最终分割图像。实验结果表明,与二维Otsu法、二维Tsallis熵法、Niblack法等几种算法相比,该算法的分割效果及实时性都具有明显的提升。     

A New Approach for Multilevel Threshold Selection

This paper describes a new method for multilevel threshold selection of gray level images. The proposed method includes three main stages. First, a hill-clustering technique is applied to the image histogram in order to approximately determine the peak locations of the histogram. Then, the histogram segments between the peaks are approximated by rational functions using a linear minimax approximation algorithm. Finally, the application of the one-dimensional Golden search minimization algorithm gives the global minimum of each rational function, which corresponds to a multilevel threshold value. Experimental results for histograms with two or more peaks are presented.     

A community detection algorithm based on Quasi-Laplacian centrality peaks clustering

Searching for key nodes in social networks and clustering communities are indispensable components in community detection methods. With the wide application demand of detecting community networks, more and more algorithms have been proposed. Laplacian centrality peaks clustering (LPC) is an efficient and simple algorithm which is proposed on the basis of density peaks clustering (DPC) to identify clusters without parameters and prior knowledge. Before LPC is widely applied in community detection algorithms, some shortcomings should be addressed. Firstly, LPC fails to search for key nodes in networks accurately because of the similarity calculation method. Secondly, it takes too much time for LPC to calculate the Laplacian centrality of each point. To address these issues, a community detection algorithm based on Quasi-Laplacian centrality peaks clustering (CD-QLPC) is proposed after studying the advantages of Quasi-Laplacian centrality which can replace density or Laplacian centrality to characterize the importance of nodes in networks. Quasi-Laplacian centrality is obtained by the degree of each node directly, which needs less time than Laplacian centrality. In addition, a trust-based function is utilized to obtain the similarity accurately. Moreover, a new modularity-based merging strategy is adopted to identify the optimal number of communities adaptively. Experimental results show that CD-QLPC outperforms many state-of-the-art methods on both real-world networks and synthetic networks.

     

傅氏去卷积和小波理论用于谱图分峰的对比研究

对小波理论和傅里叶变换去卷积数学方法在谱图分峰中的应用做了对比研究，对于完全重叠的谱峰用傅里叶变换去卷积方法效果较好，而对于不完全重叠的谱用小波方法处理效果较好。     

复杂高维数据的密度峰值快速搜索聚类算法

机器学习的无监督聚类算法已被广泛应用于各种目标识别任务。基于密度峰值的快速搜索聚类算法(DPC)能快速有效地确定聚类中心点和类个数,但在处理复杂分布形状的数据和高维图像数据时仍存在聚类中心点不容易确定、类数偏少等问题。为了提高其处理复杂高维数据的鲁棒性,文中提出了一种基于学习特征表示的密度峰值快速搜索聚类算法(AE-MDPC)。该算法采用无监督的自动编码器(AutoEncoder)学出数据的最优特征表示,结合能刻画数据全局一致性的流形相似性,提高了同类数据间的紧致性和不同类数据间的分离性,促使潜在类中心点的密度值成为局部最大。在4个人工数据集和4个真实图像数据集上将AE-MDPC与经典的K-means,DBSCAN,DPC算法以及结合了PCA的DPC算法进行比较。实验结果表明,在外部评价指标聚类精度、内部评价指标调整互信息和调整兰德指数上,AE-MDPC的聚类性能优于对比算法,而且提供了更好的可视化性能。总之,基于特征表示学习且结合流形距离的AE-MDPC算法能有效地处理复杂流形数据和高维图像数据。     

模糊神经网络在高强混凝土强度预测与配合比设计中的应用

针对模糊系统中规则结论为数值和线性函数的两种表示方式 ,找到了它们的共同点 ,将它们置于同一网络结构中 ,形成规则结论为数值和线性函数 (T -S模型 )的两种模糊神经网络 (FuzzyNeuralNetworks,简称FNN) ,导出了它们的网络模型及其学习算法。并首次将其应用于高强混凝土强度预测和配合比设计中。文章还介绍了一种简单有效地从样本数据中提取模糊规则及确定FNN参数初值的方法。运算结果表明 ,FNN不仅具有很高的预测精度 ,而且网络的结点和权值均具有明确的物理意义 ,可以借此深入分析高强混凝土综合性能与影响它们的因素之间的非线性关系     

聚类算法研究综述

聚类是数据挖掘研究领域的一种重要数据预处理方法,其目的是从无标签数据集中获得有价值数据集的内在分布结构,进而简化数据集的描述.历经几十年的研究,针对不同应用和数据特性己出现了千余种不同的聚类算法,但不同的聚类算法都有其特定的适用范围和不足.传统的聚类算法大致可分为划分聚类方法、层次聚类方法、密度聚类方法、网格聚类方法、模型聚类方法等.通过对传统聚类方法的回顾和总结,文章重点介绍了近年来出现的同步聚类算法、信念传播聚类算法和密度峰值聚类算法,并针对以上聚类算法的应用及发展方向进行了论述.     

An adaptive bi-flight cuckoo search with variable nests for continuous dynamic optimization problems

This paper presents an adaptive bi-flight cuckoo search algorithm for continuous dynamic optimization problems. Unlike the standard cuckoo search which relies on Levy flight, the proposed method uses two types of flight that are chosen adaptively by a learning automaton to control the global and local search ability of the method during the run. Furthermore, a variable nest scheme and a new cuckoo addition mechanism are introduced. A greedy local search method is also integrated to refine the best found solution. An extensive set of experiments is conducted on a variety of dynamic environments generated by the moving peaks benchmark, to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. Results are also compared with those of other state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

优化分配策略的密度峰值聚类算法

针对密度峰值聚类算法在面对复杂结构数据集时容易出现分配错误的问题,提出一种优化分配策略的密度峰值聚类算法(ODPC)。新算法首先引入参数积γ,扩大了聚类中心的选取范围;然后使用改进的数据点分配策略,对数据集的数据点进行基于相似度指标MS的重新分配,进一步优化了簇类中点集的分配;最后使用dc近邻法优化识别数据集的噪声点。在人工数据集及UCI真实数据集上的实验均可证明,新算法能够在优化噪声识别的同时,提高复杂流形数据集中数据点分配的正确率,并取得比DPC算法、DenPEHC算法、GDPC算法更好的聚类效果。     

Particle swarm optimization for determining fuzzy measures from data

Fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals have been successfully used in many real applications. How to determine fuzzy measures is the most difficult problem in these applications. Though there have existed some methodologies for solving this problem, such as genetic algorithms, gradient descent algorithms and neural networks, it is hard to say which one is more appropriate and more feasible. Each method has its advantages and limitations. Therefore it is necessary to develop new methods or techniques to learn distinct fuzzy measures. In this paper, we make the first attempt to design a special particle swarm algorithm to determine a type of general fuzzy measures from data, and demonstrate that the algorithm is effective and efficient. Furthermore we extend this algorithm to identify and revise other types of fuzzy measures. To test our algorithms, we compare them with the basic particle swarm algorithms, gradient descent algorithms and genetic algorithms in literatures. In addition, for verifying whether our algorithms are robust in noisy-situations, a number of numerical experiments are conducted. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, for determining fuzzy measures, the particle swarm optimization is feasible and has a better performance than the existing genetic algorithms and gradient descent algorithms.