暖通空调节能减排探讨

现代建筑正朝着舒适化的方向发展,中央空调系统在现代建筑中占有着重要地位,同时也是现代建筑技术的标志。人们在享受暖通空调带来舒适生活的同时也伴随着巨大的能耗。本文将从分析暖通空调能耗特点以及影响暖通空调能耗的因素等方面着手,提出相应对策以达到暖通行业节能减排的目的。     

新加坡环球影城好莱坞剧院空调舒适性研究

针对新加坡环球影城好莱坞剧院舒适性空调设计进行了介绍,从空调送风方式、温度控制、空调机组布置、保温处理等方面作了具体阐述,指出该剧院充分考虑观众舒适性、科学设计、合理布置,以确保剧院内部始终适宜的温度。     

变风量空调系统中末端设备的应用

本文通过对变风量空调系统进行原理、应用形式以及应用实例的分析,阐明了变风量空调系统在节能和空调舒适性方面的优越性。     

自动化控制系统在河南电视台办公大楼空调系统改造中的应用

空调耗能是建筑物耗能中的大户,空调自控系统可以使建筑内环境更舒适、设备运行更可靠、建筑能耗更少,是现代楼宇空调系统重要的组成部分。     

变风量的魅力

随着节能技术的日臻完善,空调的节能目标已由昔日的以牺牲舒适性标准或降低空气质量要求来实现节能,转变为在保证舒适性要求的前提下以提高能源利用率来实现节能。现代建筑中广泛采用了空调、给(排)水、照明、电梯等耗能设备。空调一     

暖通空调新技术应用及实际施工安装中难点分析

暖通空调作为我国目前空调系统中重要的组成部分，在保证人们舒适的生活环境下，能有效地解决传统窗式与立式空调无法解决的环境问题，满足现代人对建筑功能和环境保护的需要。本文主要对暖通空调新技术应用及其实际施工安装中的难点进行了分析。     

办公室空调房间热环境数值模拟研究

运用k-ε湍流模型对某办公室空调房间气流组织和热舒适性进行了数值模拟,利用有限容积法和SIMPLE算法对微分方程进行离散求解.研究了室内空气龄云图、温度云图、速度矢量图、PMV云图、PPD云图分布规律.模拟结果表明:室内热环境满足健康、舒适、节能等方面的要求.利用TEST0445型多功能测量仪对人员办公区的空气温度、气流速度进行了测量,测量数据与模拟结果基本一致.在空调系统设计阶段,采用CFD技术可预测室内气流组织、热舒适性及为空调系统优化设计方案提供理论依据和科学指导.     

探讨在采暖通风空调设计中需注意的问题

现代人类的居住条件越来越舒适,这方面要归功于采暖通风空调工程的应用。但是在使用期间,会出现许多问题影响到人们的居住。这篇文章通过对采暖通风工程设计过程中应该注意的一些问题,进行了分析探究,提出了合理的对策。     

对空调舒适性的伦理学思考

从伦理学角度对建筑空调舒适性与节能的关系进行了分析,认为对空调舒适性的过度追求是以牺牲公众利益和损害生态环境为代价的,建筑空调的以人为本不能只考虑空调用户的舒适性,还应考虑公众利益、子孙后代的利益,以及对生态环境的损害;应提倡适度、健康、环保的空调消费观念,鼓励空调行为节能,我国的住宅空调应坚持走分散式空调的发展道路.     

《健康建筑评价标准》舒适章节解读——热舒适

对《健康建筑评价标准》舒适章节中热舒适条文进行解读,其中控制项条文对围护结构热工特性进行了强制规定;评分项条文分别从供暖空调热湿环境整体热舒适与局部热舒适,自由运行建筑热湿环境适应性热舒适与营造,室内环境湿度控制等方面进行了规定,并对热湿环境监控和发布进行了要求,体现了标准的可感知性;提高与创新中强调了基于人体热感觉的供暖空调系统调控方法,体现了标准以人为本的主旨。     

Dwelling performance and adaptive summer comfort in low-income Australian households

Increasing reliance on air-conditioning to improve summertime comfort in dwellings results in higher energy bills, peak electricity demand and environmental issues. In pursuit of social equity, society needs to develop ways of improving cooling that are less reliant on air-conditioning. Designing homes to emphasize adaptive thermal comfort can reduce this reliance, particularly when combined with improved dwelling thermal performance. A multi-method evaluation of 10 low-income dwellings in the state of Victoria in Australia is presented, including low-energy and ‘standard-performance’ houses. The combination of performance monitoring and householder interviews reveals new insights for achieving summertime comfort. The low-energy houses without air-conditioning were both measured and perceived as more comfortable than the ‘standard-performance’ houses with air-conditioning. The low-energy households achieved improved personal thermal comfort through a combination of improved fabric performance augmented with adaptive comfort activities (e.g., opening/closing windows). This outcome reduces reliance on air-conditioning, reduces living costs and energy consumption, and improves environmental outcomes. There is a need to integrate lessons from adaptive thermal comfort theory and strategies into minimum building performance requirements and standards, as well as wider design strategies. It is evident that adaptive comfort has a role to play in a transition to a low-carbon housing future.     

南宁夏季室内热舒适与空调能耗分析

以问卷调查和实测数据为基础,采用新有效温度ET*探讨了南宁地区夏季室内热舒适性及其对空调能耗的影响.得到当地居民可接受的室内热舒适温湿度范围;并给出空调能耗与当地热舒适要求的变化关系.该地区在确定室内参数时不必过多关注相对湿度,主要考虑室内温度对人体热舒适性和空调能耗的影响.     

室内温、湿度对人体热舒适和空调能耗影响的研究

以采用一次回风集中空调系统的办公建筑为例,就室内温、湿度设计参数对空调房间热舒适环境和空调系统能耗的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明,在同样的室内人体热舒适环境(等效温度)的条件下,随着室内温度的增加,一次回风系统的需冷量和总的耗能量是增加的。因此,夏季提高空调室内温度是不节能的。在相同热舒适(等效温度)条件下,要减少空调系统的冷负荷,室内设计温、湿度参数在推荐的热舒适区范围内,宜采用较大的室内相对湿度和较低的室内干球温度的组合,或采用较高的等效温度。     

电荒、节能与热舒适研究

电力资源短缺是目前我国面临的重大问题,而空调负荷是造成电网压力大、电力供应严重不足的主要原因之一。人体热舒适研究涉及到空调舒适温度、空调设备运行控制、气流组织优化、节能等方面,其研究成果可直接或间接应用于降低空调能耗。热舒适研究可能成为解决电力紧张的方法之一。     

Combating overheating: mixed-mode conditioning for workplace comfort

ABSTRACT

Using post-occupancy evaluations of seven mixed-mode buildings – three in Australia and four in India – this paper demonstrates that effective mixed-mode conditioning (instead of year-round air-conditioning) can deliver comfortable workspaces. Occupant feedback reinforces strong associations between overheating, thermal comfort, overall comfort and perceived productivity. However, differing levels of thermal acceptability within and between the Australian and Indian contexts are evident. Occupants in the Indian buildings were found to tolerate a wider range of temperatures when compared with Western contexts where lower temperature limits entrench an energy demand through a greater reliance on air-conditioning. The outcomes from the study suggest that the perception of overheating and consequent risk to building performance can be intensified when occupants perceive limited adaptive opportunity or problems are not rectified quickly, whereas perceived control is less important where building systems are user responsive. Occupants in three of the study buildings also perceived higher-than-anticipated comfort which could be attributable to well-liked attributes, such as break-out spaces, daylight and fresh air included in these buildings. The findings challenge designers and clients to develop user-responsive climate interactive workplaces that capitalize on spatial and mixed-mode environmental control to tackle the question of overheating.     

Thermal comfort and energy saving of a personalized PFCU air-conditioning system

This paper evaluates the performance of a personalized air-conditioning system, namely an innovative partition-type fan-coil unit (PFCU), against that of a central air-conditioning system, in terms of their thermal comfort provided and cooling energy consumed. For a cooling load given, it is found that the thermal comfort index (PMV) resulted from the personalized system is always lower than that from a central system. Also, the PMV-curve of the personalized system responds to the loads faster. The experimental results indicate that the personalized system, as compared to the central system, can shorten the operation time for the same level of thermal comfort required and save up to 45% of the energy consumed by the central system. As regards thermal comfort, the experiment with a thermal manikin substrates the PFCU design for its considerable reduction of the cold draft.     

Thermal comfort analysis of a low temperature waste energy recovery system: SIECHP

The use of a recovery device is justified in terms of energy savings and environmental concerns. But it is clear that the use of a recovery system also has to lead to controlling indoor environmental quality, nowadays a priority concern. In this article, experimental research has been carried out whose aim is to study the thermal comfort provided by a combined recovery equipment (SIECHP), consisting of a ceramic semi-indirect evaporative cooler (SIEC) and a heat pipe device (HP) to recover energy at low temperature in air-conditioning systems. To characterize this device empirically in terms of thermal comfort (TC), Fanger's predicted mean vote (PMV), draught rate, and vertical air temperature difference were used in this study as the TC criteria.     

Assessment of monitored energy use and thermal comfort conditions in mosques in hot-humid climates

In harsh climatic regions, buildings require air-conditioning in order to provide an acceptable level of thermal comfort. In many situations buildings are over cooled or the HVAC system is kept running for a much longer time than needed. In some other situations thermal comfort is not achieved due to improper operation practices coupled with poor maintenance and even lack it, and consequently inefficient air-conditioning systems. Mosques represent one type of building that is characterized by their unique intermittent operating schedule determined by prayer times, which vary continuously according to the local solar time. This paper presents the results of a study designed to monitor energy use and thermal comfort conditions of a number of mosques in a hot-humid climate so that both energy efficiency and the quality of thermal comfort conditions especially during occupancy periods in such intermittently operated buildings can be assessed accurately.     

基于变风量的相对热指标运行模式在地铁空调中的应用研究

地铁空调系统的控制站厅和站台在设计温度值不变的设计运行模式下不能满足乘客舒适性要求,乘客的舒适感随新风状态变化而变化。由于乘客在站厅和站台的停留时间短,应根据相对热指标来评价非稳定条件下乘客的舒适性要求。本文在变风量调节的基础上,建立了按相对热指标来调节运行地铁中央空调系统的理论模型,在满足人体舒适性要求的前提下,解决了站台和站厅温湿度耦合问题。本文以广州地铁二号线新港东站为例,对比分析了空调系统相对热指标运行模式和设计运行模式下的舒适性和能耗等特点,为运行模式的完善提供了参考。     

夏季空调热舒适响应空间及节能潜力研究

在满足人体热舒适要求的前提下,通过对空调热舒适方程的仿真分析,建立了空调系统环境参数的舒适空间,确立各参数对舒适性指标的影响程度;通过对空调建筑房间冷负荷计算分析,验证了空调系统在热舒适环境参数空间内存在一定节能潜力。