无机纳米粒子增韧聚丙烯及其机理研究

综述了无机纳米粒子增韧聚丙烯的最新研究进展，阐述了不同纳米粒子对聚丙烯增韧效果的影响，介绍了无机纳米粒子的物理化学作用增韧机理和微裂纹化增韧机理。并对增韧改性聚丙烯的发展前景进行展望。     

聚苯乙烯的刚性无机粒子增韧

讨论了刚性无机粒子在增韧聚苯乙烯塑料中的增韧机理、影响因素及其应用。通过讨论得出结论,无机纳米粒子的出现,将会大大促进无机刚性粒子在塑料增韧方面的应用。     

纳米技术在弹性体增韧环氧树脂中的应用

综述了弹性体与无机纳米粒子协同增韧改性环氧树脂以及纳米弹性体粒子增韧环氧树脂的应用进展,并且对纳米技术在弹性体增韧环氧树脂中的应用进行了展望。     

弹性体/无机纳米粒子复合体系增强增韧回收ABS树脂

分别研究了弹性体和无机纳米粒子对回收丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)的增韧。结果表明:弹性体能使回收ABS树脂的韧性得到恢复,但导致刚性下降;无机纳米粒子对ABS树脂的增韧能力有限,但能增加ABS的刚性。最后采用弹性体/无机纳米粒子复合体系改性回收ABS树脂,添加质量分数5%~8%的高胶粉和质量分数2%~3%无机纳米粒子时,实现了对回收ABS树脂的增强增韧。     

刚性粒子增韧机理研究进展

本文综述了刚性有机粒子增韧、刚性无机粒子增韧、纳米粒子增韧和刚性粒子一弹性体混合增韧的增韧机理。分析了影响刚性粒子增韧效果的因素。展望了增韧在通用塑料工程化、工程塑料高性能化趋势下的发展前景。     

聚氯乙烯树脂耐热和增韧改性研究进展

综述了聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂耐热改性和增韧改性的研究进展。PVC耐热改性方法主要有添加热稳定剂、交联、共混、共聚、氯化及无机纳米粒子改性;增韧改性的主要方法包括弹性体、纳米粒子、聚合物/无机纳米复合材料、纳米级微纤增韧以及原位聚合的方法。最后,提出了PVC耐热和增韧改性的发展方向。     

微-纳米无机粒子改性聚丙烯材料的最新进展

综述了近年来微-纳米无机刚性粒子填充改性聚丙烯(PP)材料的最新进展,介绍了微米级、纳米级和微-纳米组合无机刚性粒子的添加对PP复合材料性能的影响。无机刚性粒子越细,越有利于PP材料的增强增韧;无机刚性粒子的表面改性处理对复合材料的微观结构和性能有重要影响。微米无机刚性粒子可提高PP材料的抗冲击强度与刚性,但强度会有所降低;均匀分散的无机纳米粒子同时起到增强增韧的双重作用;具有粒径级的组合粒子的填充改性优于单一无机粒子。     

非弹性体增韧高分子材料的研究进展

对近些年来热塑性树脂增韧体系、核壳粒子增韧体系、液晶高聚物增韧体系及无机刚性粒子增韧体系等增韧高分子材料的研究进展进行了综述。指出非弹性体增韧拓展了高分子材料增韧改性研究的新领域；纳米粒子增韧开辟了高分子材料的研究新方向。     

聚丙烯增韧改性最新进展

聚丙烯(PP)脆性高、缺口冲击强度低,特别在低温时尤为严重,其增韧改性是扩大PP使用范围的重要方法。综述近2年增韧PP的最新研究进展,介绍橡胶或弹性体共混增韧、热塑性塑料增韧、无机刚性粒子增韧、纳米粒子增韧及晶须增韧PP的最新研究情况。重点介绍了纳米粒子增韧PP的研究,并且指出纳米粒子/弹性体协同增韧PP将是未来PP增韧改性的主要研究方向。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的界面

对聚合物基纳米复合材料进行了简单的归类，综述了各种聚合物基纳米复合材料的界面研究进展。具体介绍了改善聚合物一热液晶聚合物(TLCP)纳米复合材料界面相容性的方法及TLCP的增韧机理、无机纳米粒子与聚合物界面相互作用对增强、增韧效果的影响及纳米粒子的增韧机理。并对纳米复合材料的界面研究提出了一些看法。     

纳米粒子增强增韧聚合物的研究进展

简述了纳米粒子的特性和增强增韧聚合物的机理,着重介绍了国内外纳米粒子增强增韧聚合物的性能和应用以及最近取得的成果。     

Processability of LCP‐nylon‐glass hybrid composites

A hybrid composite consisting of rubber toughened nylon 6,6, short glass fibers and thermotropic LCP was investigated by varying the content of LCP. It was found that a hybrid composite offered better processability over the glass fiber reinforced polymers alone. The total torque in melt mixing increased with short glass fiber addition but decreased with an increase in LCP content. The thermal stability of the glass fiber reinforced composite was improved by blending with LCP. However, a minimum of 15 wt% LCP was required to realize reinforcement effect from the hybrid composite. The fracture morphology was examined using SEM techniques. Some LCP fibrils could be observed on the tensile fracture surface.     

增韧增强改性尼龙的研究及应用

综述聚烯烃弹性体、橡胶、苯乙烯系共聚物等增韧尼龙和玻璃纤维、碳纤维和芳纶纤维等增强尼龙及增韧增强相结合改性尼龙的研究进展。介绍了增韧增强尼龙的应用情况。     

Epoxy resins toughened with in situ azide–alkyne polymerized polysulfones

To simultaneously improve the fracture toughness and heat resistance of a cured toughened epoxy resin along with a reduction in its viscosity during the mixing process, two novel polysulfone‐type polymers are synthesized via azide–alkyne polymerization for use as toughening agents. The epoxy resin toughened with these polymers by in situ azide–alkyne polymerization during the cure process, which shows excellent processibility and based on the significantly lower viscosity (61 and 62 cP) during epoxy mixing process than that of commonly commercial polyethersulfone (PES, 127,612 cP). The novel polysulfone‐type polymer toughened epoxy resin showed the advantage in excellent fracture toughness than the PES toughened epoxy. In addition, the glass transition temperature of the novel polysulfone‐type polymer toughened epoxy resin is similar to that of the neat one (～230 °C) and does not decrease, which implies excellent heat resistance of the toughened epoxy. These phenomena can be attributed to the formation of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks comprising the epoxy network and the linear polysulfone‐type polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45790.     

Effect of Polymer Molecular Weight on Colloidal Reinforcement

The tear strength of several thermoplastic polymers filled with colloidal silica has been determined as a function of polymer molecular weight. There were two regimes of behaviour. Low molecular weight materials were embrittled by a small amount, around 10% volume fraction, of filler. High molecular weight polymers, on the other hand, were not degraded at low filler concentrations, and some thermoplastics were actually reinforced, that is toughened, by the colloidal particles with a peak in crack resistance at 12% volume fraction. There was found to be a characteristic transition in toughness, similar to that observed with environmental stress cracking, between the low and high molecular weight regimes. It was concluded that a polymer molecular weight above the transition value was a necessary but not sufficient condition for colloidal reinforcement.     

聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐作为增容剂的应用

聚合物共混改性是制备新型高分子材料极为有交的方法，其中的关键是要解决各种聚合物之间一般相容性很差的问题，通常的解决办法是加入合适的增容剂，聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐（PO-g-MAH)是研究的很多的增容剂。制备聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐的方法有熔融法、溶液法、辐射法和固相法，其中最重要的方法是熔融法，笔者主要介绍了聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐作为增容剂在改性聚酰胺（PA6、PA66、PA12、PA1010）、聚酯（PET、PBT）、热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）等聚合物共混物，聚烯烃/无机填料，聚烯烃/有机纤维，复合增强材料，粘结剂等方面的应用，聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐与其它聚合物原位反应生成共聚物，一方面降低了表面张力，使得分散相在基体中分散得更好；另一方面增强了两相的粘合力，从而达到了增容的目的。     

Glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide composites toughened with ABS and EPR‐g‐MA

A series of glass fiber‐reinforced rubber‐toughened nylon 6 composites was prepared. The mechanical properties and morphology of the composites toughened with ABS were investigated and compared with composites toughened with EPR‐g‐MA. A study of the mechanical properties showed that the balance of the impact strength and stiffness for both types of systems can be significantly improved by proper incorporation of glass fibers into toughened nylon 6. The differences between these two types of rubber‐toughened composites are significant at a high rubber content. However, the ductility of both composites toughened with rubber was significantly lower than that of blends without glass fiber. The relationships between rubber content, nylon 6 molecular weight, compatibilizer, processing, and mechanical properties are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 484–497, 2001     

Unsaturated polyester‐toughened epoxy composites: Effect of sisal fiber on thermal and dynamic mechanical properties

In the present study, the mechanical and thermal properties of sisal fiber‐reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP)‐toughened epoxy composites were investigated. The sisal fibers were chemically treated with alkali (NaOH) and silane solutions in order to improve the interfacial interaction between fibers and matrix. The chemical composition of resins and fibers was identified by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The UP‐toughened epoxy blends were obtained by mixing UP (5, 10, and 15 wt%) into the epoxy resin. The fiber‐reinforced composites were prepared by incorporating sisal fibers (10, 20, and 30 wt%) within the optimized UP‐toughened epoxy blend. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphological changes of the fibers and the adhesion between the fibers and the UP‐toughened epoxy system. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strength of (alkali‐silane)‐treated fiber (30 wt%) ‐reinforced composites increased by 83% and 55%, respectively, as compared with that of UP‐toughened epoxy blend. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the (alkali‐silane)‐treated fiber and its composite exhibited higher thermal stability than the untreated and alkali‐treated fiber systems. An increase in storage modulus and glass transition temperature was observed for the UP‐toughened epoxy matrix on reinforcement with treated fibers. The water uptake behavior of both alkali and alkali‐silane‐treated fiber‐reinforced composites is found to be less as compared with the untreated fiber‐reinforced composite. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:188–199, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

我国增韧聚丙烯的开发现状及应用

介绍了橡胶类聚合物增韧聚丙烯(PP)的增韧机理。综述了我国增韧PP的研究开发、性能和应用情况,并探讨了增韧PP今后的发展前景。     

高冲击玻纤增强聚丙烯的研制与应用

利用玻璃纤维、SBS橡胶和高密度聚乙烯增韧聚丙烯。增韧后的聚丙烯冲击强度是只用玻纤增强的2倍以上,而其它性能影响较小。