碳纳米管-银复合材料力学性能研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备碳纳米管-银复合材料，研究了碳纳米管的含量对碳纳米管-银复合材料的硬度、抗弯强度影响。实验表明：当碳纳米管的含量小于11％时，复合材料的密度、硬度较好，碳纳米管起到了增强作用；当碳纳米管的含量大于11％时，由于碳纳米管的团聚，导致复合材料密度、硬度迅速下降；由于碳纳米管和银的弱界面结合，以及碳纳米管在拉应力条件下载荷传递的效力比在压应力时低，使得碳纳米管对复合材料抗弯强度的增加不明显。     

多壁碳纳米管增强银基复合材料的组织与性能

采用化学镀方法将银沉积在碳纳米管上,获得体积分数为8%的多壁碳纳米管/银(CNTs/Ag)复合粉末,通过高能球磨、压制烧结、热挤压粉末冶金手段制备了CNTs/Ag复合材料,并研究了复合材料的微观组织、导电率、抗拉强度及硬度。结果表明,化学沉积工艺能够显著改善CNTs和Ag之间的界面结合,进而提高CNTs/Ag复合材料的加工性能。与纯银比较,CNTs/Ag复合材料的抗拉强度增加了65%,硬度增加了近2倍,表明CNTs对银具有较好的强化作用。     

多壁碳纳米管增强银基复合材料的组织与性能（英文）

采用化学镀方法将银沉积在碳纳米管上,获得体积分数为8%的多壁碳纳米管/银(CNTs/Ag)复合粉末,通过高能球磨、压制烧结、热挤压粉末冶金手段制备了CNTs/Ag复合材料,并研究了复合材料的微观组织、导电率、抗拉强度及硬度。结果表明,化学沉积工艺能够显著改善CNTs和Ag之间的界面结合,进而提高CNTs/Ag复合材料的加工性能。与纯银比较,CNTs/Ag复合材料的抗拉强度增加了65%,硬度增加了近2倍,表明CNTs对银具有较好的强化作用。     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的制备及摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末冶金常压烧结与高温模压和热挤压相结合的工艺制备了碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料,以探索复合材料的低成本制备技术。采用扫描电镜、万能材料试验机和摩擦磨损试验机研究了碳纳米管的添加量对复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加（质量分数0～2％）,复合材料的硬度逐渐升高,抗拉强度先升高后下降。当碳纳米管含量为1．5％时抗拉强度达370 MPa,硬度和抗拉强度分别比纯铝提高了433％和236％。当碳纳米管含量为2％时,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损量分别比纯铝降低了63％和14％。     

低压压制和真空烧结制备银-石墨烯复合材料的致密化行为

为阐明低压压制成形和真空烧结制备的银-石墨烯复合材料的致密化行为,通过24 h机械球磨制得石墨烯含量0.5wt.%至2.0wt.%的银-石墨烯复合粉末,随后进行低压双向压制和真空烧结。通过测量复合材料压制后和烧结后的密度,研究了不同成形压力和不同烧结温度工艺条件下复合材料的成形能力和烧结能力。试验结果表明：银-石墨烯粉末的压制数据符合川北公夫方程。致密化系数(K)值随石墨烯含量的增加而增大,表明复合粉末抗塑性变形能力增大。银-0.5wt.%石墨烯复合材料具有最佳的烧结性能。石墨烯含量1.5wt.%的复合材料具有较好增强效果的力学性能,其抗拉强度达到252 MPa。     

石墨含量变化对CNTs-Ag-G复合材料接触电压降的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备碳纳米管-银-石墨电接触复合材料,研究石墨含量的变化对复合材料接触电压降的影响.结果表明,随石墨含量的增多,电刷的电压降先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定.石墨成分相同的复合材料电刷,负刷的电压降始终大于正刷,且正负电刷的电压降的变化趋势相同,先上升然后趋于稳定.     

石墨镀铜对石墨-银复合材料性能的影响

石墨与银的界面结合及石墨在基体中的分布方式是影响石墨-银复合材料性能的重要因素,本文用镀铜石墨粉制备镀铜石墨-银复合材料.通过金相、扫描电镜分析和物理性能测试等手段,对由镀铜石墨粉制备成的复合材料的组织、性能进行研究.结果表明,在粒度细小的石墨粉表面能够均匀地包覆金属铜,在压制压力、烧结温度合适的条件下,制成的复合材料,组织均匀,致密性好,石墨在银基体中弥散分布,金属银能够形成细小的三维网状结构.这种组织形态使复合材料的导电性及强度明显提高.     

高温高压烧结金刚石-铜复合材料的研究

采用高温高压烧结工艺制备了金刚石体积分数为80%的金刚石-铜复合材料。研究了金刚石颗粒大小、烧结温度、烧结时间等因素对复合材料成分、界面状态和热导率的影响。结果表明:金刚石颗粒直径为80μm时,在高温高压条件下可获得热导率高达639 W.m-1.K-1的金刚石-铜复合材料。当金刚石体积分数一定时,存在一临界粒径,随金刚石颗粒直径增大复合材料热导率先增大后减小。恰当的烧结温度和时间有助于获得黏结良好的界面和高热导率。     

低温烧结银与金基界面互连研究进展

烧结银具有高导热、高导电以及良好的力学性能,可以实现低温烧结、高温应用,在高温高功率电子器件中有良好的应用前景.目前烧结银与金基界面互连仍存在着抗剪强度低、可靠性差等问题.文中首先比较烧结银与不同界面互连机制和互连性能,着重讨论和归纳烧结银-金互连机制和关键影响因素,然后对现有烧结银-金互连工艺进行分析总结,从烧结工艺、金基界面制备与可靠性等方面展开,最后通过对银-金互连领域研究成果的综述,对银-金互连课题未来发展方向进行了展望.     

碳纳米管增强银复合材料的导热性(英文)

通过分子水平层级混合制备了碳纳米管增强银基复合材料。研究了碳纳米管的类型(单壁/多壁)及功能化模式(共价键/非共价键)对银复合材料导热性的影响。XRD及EDS结果表明,复合材料中存在银与碳。高分辨率扫描电镜和透射电镜结果表明碳纳米管均匀地嵌在银基体中。利用拉曼光谱和FTIR研究了共价键功能化对多壁碳纳米管的影响。共价键功能化后,碳纳米管中引入了功能团且保持结构完整。利用激光闪光技术以及有效介质理论研究了复合材料的导热性。实验结果表明:加入共价功能化的单壁和多壁纳米碳管后,材料的导热性降低。但加入非共价键功能化的多壁碳纳米管后,复合材料的有效导热性增强,这与不考虑界面热阻时的有效介质理论预测结果一致。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.