纳米纤维素纤维在高能太根发射药中的应用

为了改善高能太根发射药的力学性能,在高能太根发射药配方的基础上,添加少量(质量分数0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%)由湿木浆纤维素得到的纳米纤维素纤维(CNFs),制备了含CNFs的高能太根发射药。采用扫描电镜、热重分析仪和差示扫描量热仪研究了添加CNFs前后高能太根发射药的表面结构和热分解性能。采用简支梁冲击试验机和密闭爆发器试验研究了含CNFs高能太根发射药的冲击强度及能量性能。结果表明,少量添加CNFs可明显提高高能太根发射药的低温冲击强度,对热分解性能影响很小。与高能太根发射药(参比样)相比,添加0.5%CNFs的高能太根发射药,在-40℃低温和20℃室温下,冲击强度分别提高了30.4%和8.9%。随着CNFs含量增加,火药力逐渐降低,余容逐渐上升,燃速逐渐减小,压力指数小幅度上升。当CNFs的添加量为0.5%时,高能太根发射药的火药力为1191.91 k J·kg~(-1),余容为0.870 L·kg~(-1),压力指数为1.06,分别较参比样减少了1.9%、增加了5.1%和增加了4.2%。     

热塑性弹性体在太根发射药中的应用研究

为了提高高能硝胺太根发射药的力学性能,在配方中添加了热塑性弹性体(TPUE)。测试了发射药的静态力学和定容燃烧性能,研究了TPUE添加量对发射药力学、能量和燃烧性能的影响。研究结果表明:加入1%～3%TPUE的硝胺太根发射药,在火药力(f)大于1150kJ.kg-1时,低温冲击强度提高60%以上,显示出高能量高强度的特征。随着TPUE含量的增加,火药力逐渐降低,余容α略有上升,压力指数n逐渐增大,TPUE加入量为3%时,f、α、n分别变化2%、1.4%和5.3%。     

双安定剂发射药化学安定性及安定剂作用机理

采用热老化加速寿命实验和气相色谱法对同时含有二苯胺和二号中定剂两种安定剂成份的单樟-11A-8/1发射药在不同温度(75、85、90和95℃)下的化学安定性和安定剂作用机理进行了研究。结果表明,通过贝瑟洛特方程科学预测出发射药在常温(30℃)下的安全贮存寿命高达42年,在发射药储存前期,二苯胺首先对发射药的化学安定性起主要作用,待其耗尽后,中定剂则发挥主要作用。双安定剂的存在使得单樟-11A-8/1发射药的化学安定性明显优于其他普通单、双基药。     

改性高能太根发射药热分解与燃烧性能研究

利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、密闭爆发器试验研究了含黑索今(RDX)、聚醚聚氨酯弹性体材料(TPUE)的改性高能太根发射药热分解与燃烧特性,通过三维视频观察了改性高能太根药中止燃烧表面的形貌变化,分析了该类发射药的燃烧机理。结果表明:改性高能太根发射药的热分解过程主要分为由硝化棉、硝化甘油和硝化三乙二醇组成的基体的热分解和RDX的热分解;RDX颗粒的大小对改性太根药的实际燃烧过程产生较大影响。当RDX粒径为8.5μm和45μm时,两种改性太根发射药压力指数相当,其熔融和热分解过程主要发生在凝聚相区。当RDX粒径为90μm时,部分RDX颗粒从太根药基体脱离进入气相区分解燃烧,导致发射药燃面增加,质量燃烧速度加快,燃烧规律性下降;发射药中少量TPUE的加入对发射药燃烧性能影响较小。     

子弹撞击对发射药易损性响应影响研究

选用单基药、双基药、太根药和硝基胍药等发射药,采用速度为(850±20)m·s-1的12.7 mm标准穿甲弹撞击样弹,研究子弹撞击机械刺激下发射药的易损性响应特性和影响因素.结果表明:子弹撞击对发射药的易损性响应程度与发射药能量水平无明显对应关系,但与其配方组分、药型以及子弹的穿透深度有一定关系;约束条件对发射药子弹撞...     

硝基胍自催化热分解特性及绝热安全性

利用动态差示扫描量热(DSC)实验初步研究了硝基胍的热分解特性,采用Kissinger和Ozawa法计算了其热分解活化能。运用中断回归实验研究了热履历对硝基胍热分解安全性的影响,并用等温DSC实验进行了验证。利用绝热量热仪(ARC)研究了硝基胍的绝热安全性,得到了其初始分解温度,温升速率。结果表明,硝基胍是熔融分解型含能材料,其热分解为自催化反应。热履历显著影响了硝基胍的热分解安全性,降低了其起始分解温度和峰温,使其在固态时就达到较高的热分解速率。在动态DSC实验中,其起始反应温度213.8~249.9℃,峰温215.0~255.2℃,表观活化能为111.6 k J·mol~(-1)和114.2 k J·mol~(-1)。在绝热实验中,其起始反应温度为170.6℃,最大温升速率为1.414℃·min~(-1)。     

高压水射流切割发射药模型及实验研究

针对硝基胍发射药制备切药过程中存在易堵孔、变形等问题,设计了高压水射流切割系统装置,建立了射流切割硝基胍发射药过程的力学模型,研究了射流切割工艺,分析了切割过程的安全性,并通过密闭爆发器实验研究了射流切割发射药的燃烧性能。结果表明,射流切割的深度与切割速度、发射药的强度成反比,射流切割靶距越大,切缝越宽,试验结果与理论分析一致;磨料水射流适用于切割驱溶与未驱溶发射药,而纯水射流只适用于切割未驱溶发射药;硝基胍发射药在切割过程中的温度升高最高温度为60℃,远低于其初始热分解温度178.1℃;射流切割发射药的定容燃烧性能与手工切割的一致。     

多孔硝基胍发射药压伸数值仿真及验证

为研究硝基胍发射药配方和压伸工艺对挤出成型尺寸的影响问题,建立了不同配方硝基胍发射药压伸过程数学模型及边界条件,用有限元方法仿真计算,得到了不同配方条件下流动过程的剪切速率场、压力场以及速度场分布情况。结果表明,发射药实际外径尺寸(8.03 mm)与仿真尺寸(8.38 mm)基本一致,误差为4.36%,外弧厚误差为7.89%,内弧厚为3.10%,孔径误差为9.26%,中心孔径误差为5.36%,误差均小于10%。     

大口径武器用硝胺发射药的研制

含硝胺类化合物(尤其是黑索今、奥克托今)的发射药以其能大幅度提高能量,而火焰温度仅以适当增加的特性继续引起人们的很大重视。美国陆军军械研究发展局大口径武器系统研究所近年来研制了一种主要用于105m m坦克炮的高能硝胺发射药,并准备用来取代制式的M30发射药。一、配方和热化学性能这种新型发射药的重要特点是配方中除含有黑索今外还含有一定量的硝基胍。这种药被定名为6260,     

不同晶型奥克托今用于硝胺发射药的性能

为了研究奥克托今(HMX)的晶型对硝胺发射药性能的影响,采用密闭爆发器以及力学性能测试仪,对含α-HMX和β-HMX两种不同晶型硝胺发射药的燃烧性能和力学性能进行测试.结果表明: 含α-HMX发射药点火容易,其气体生成猛度和燃烧速度比含β-HMX发射药的小,含α-HMX比含β-HMX发射药的燃速压力指数高0.1、力学性能差.另外,当装填密度为0.12 g·cm-3时,两者的燃速压力指数都大于1,而在装填密度为0.20 g·cm-3时,两者的燃速压力指数都达到小于1的水平.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.