Development of an operational fitness test for the Royal Air Force

Since 2002, the Royal Air Force (RAF) has been working towards developing role-related physical tests for use as an operational fitness test (OFT). The purpose of this study was to establish reliability of the OFT (comprising four tests), investigate gym-based tests as predictors of performance and establish performance standards. Fifty-eight RAF personnel performed the OFT on three occasions. A separate cohort carried out fitness and anthropometric tests before performing the OFT, by way of establishing performance predictors. Documented evidence and views of an expert panel were used to determine OFT standards. Reliability ranged from moderate to good for three tests, with one test (Dig) showing poor reliability. The 95% limits of agreement for the prediction models ranged from good to poor (6.7–34.2%). The prediction models were not sufficiently accurate to estimate confidently OFT performance, but could be used as a guide to quantify likely outcome and training needs.     

Contrast optimization for MacNeille‐PBS‐based LCOS projection systems

Abstract— Contrast limits are investigated for MacNeille‐PBS‐based LCOS projection systems that use retarder stack filters (RSFs). The two contributing factors are considered separately; namely, the color‐management system and the panel port. To enhance performance of the former, skew‐ray‐compensated RSFs are introduced. For the latter, a general three‐step methodology is presented to optimize contrast by compensating the LCOS panel. It is shown that the orientation of the LCOS panel and compensator, relative to the MacNeille PBS, is critical. The significant impact of AR‐coating performance on system contrast is also revealed. Methods to enhance ANSI contrast are proposed. A high‐contrast architecture will be presented by way of example.     

DIA‐PDP with high luminous efficacy and increased vertical resolution

Abstract— A PDP utilizing a new cell configuration to improve the vertical resolution and luminous efficacy is proposed. In this configuration, a delta subpixel arrangement is adopted because it reduces the vertical pixel pitch by half and increases the vertical resolution. In this configuration, R, G, B subpixels form triangles which are diamond shaped, the rational for calling this technology “DIAPDP.” High luminous efficacy is achieved by reducing the reflectivity of the panel. The lower reflectivity enables increased transmittivity of the light‐reduction filter which is part of the PDP panel, thus ensuing sufficient contrast under bright conditions. The higher transmittivity increases the luminous efficacy with the filter. Results obtained for a 46‐in. panel demonstrate a 33% increase in the luminous efficacy when using the filter. The DIA cell configuration is further modified to be a “clustered DIA” in order to improve the color mixing. Through subjective evaluation, the color mixing was compared with that of panels based on a trio subpixel arrangement and DIA, and the effect on color mixing was confirmed. The luminous efficacy of clustered DIA is also shown to be equal to that of DIA.     

低照度视频图像自适应补偿增强的设计与实现

针对低照度环境下视频图像对比度低、难以识别的问题,提出对比度自适应补偿增强算法。首先,提取低照度环境下视频图像特征参数的平均灰度,根据原始图像的灰度级差异建立人类视觉对比度分辨率补偿的数学模型,并对真彩色三原色分别采用比例积分补偿。然后,当补偿程度低于明视觉恰可分辨差异时,设置补偿阈值线性补偿明视觉至满带宽。最后,结合主观图像质量评价和图像特征参数建立补偿比例系数的自动寻优模型,并把该模型嵌入到Directshow视频处理系统,应用于视频图像自适应增强。实验测试结果表明,补偿增强系统的实时性好,可以有效挖掘暗视觉信息,能够广泛应用于不同场景。     

Color sequences for univariate maps: theory, experiments andprinciples

Pseudocoloring for presenting univariate map information on a graphic display system is investigated. The kinds of information available in maps are divided into two classes: metric information denotes the quantity stored at each point on the surface, and form information denotes the shape or structure of the surface. Theoretical principles are proposed to predict which color sequences will be effective at conveying value and form information respectively. According to this theory, a scale that approximates the physical spectrum should be good at conveying value information, because of the reduced effects of simultaneous contrast. It should be poor at conveying form information, however, because the brain prefers form information to come through the lightness-processing channel. Conversely, a gray scale should be poor at conveying value information and good at conveying form information, according to the same theory. These predictions are tested in a series of psychophysical experiments that test five color sequences. The results show that simultaneous contrast can be a major source of error when reading maps, but only partially confirm the form hypothesis. Guidelines are given for designing color sequences to be effective in both conveying form and value information. An experimental color sequence is presented to illustrate these guidelines     

Development of an operational fitness test for the Royal Air Force

Since 2002, the Royal Air Force (RAF) has been working towards developing role-related physical tests for use as an operational fitness test (OFT). The purpose of this study was to establish reliability of the OFT (comprising four tests), investigate gym-based tests as predictors of performance and establish performance standards. Fifty-eight RAF personnel performed the OFT on three occasions. A separate cohort carried out fitness and anthropometric tests before performing the OFT, by way of establishing performance predictors. Documented evidence and views of an expert panel were used to determine OFT standards. Reliability ranged from moderate to good for three tests, with one test (Dig) showing poor reliability. The 95% limits of agreement for the prediction models ranged from good to poor (6.7-34.2%). The prediction models were not sufficiently accurate to estimate confidently OFT performance, but could be used as a guide to quantify likely outcome and training needs.     

Are the Thisted-Efron authorship tests valid?

We assess the validity of the Thisted-Efron author-ship tests in two stages. First, we construct simulated texts in accordance with the assumptions implicit in the underlying model and use these to validate the basic computations, to determine their range of applicability, and to evaluate their sensitivity to basic lexical parameters. Second, we experiment with actual texts from the Shakespearean canon and the plays of Christopher Marlowe. The results of the tests are mixed, showing good consistency for the Shakespeare plays (with some discrimination among early, middle and late works) but poor consistency between Shakespeare's poems and plays, or among Marlowe's plays.     

Color discrimination enhancement for dichromats using self-organizing color transformation

Color deficient persons, especially dichromats, have difficulty in discriminating certain kinds of colors. To help dichromats discriminate colors better, a color transformation method is proposed. The method utilizes the redundancy of color information, changing the colors of a scene into discernable ones for dichromats. The self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm is used to build a nonlinear color map, maintaining the neighboring relations between colors. Results of both subjective observation and quantitative evaluation show that the method can effectively enhance the color discrimination for dichromats. This study provides a new approach to rectify color vision deficiency.     

基于网络的比武考核系统的设计与实现

从技术发展和考核方式改革的需要出发，实现了一种C／S模式的通用比武考核系统，该系统可以充分利用各个小、远、散单位中的广域网资源，实现跨地区，甚至是全国范围内的统一比武考核，为训练比武考核的信息化提出了新途径。系统可用于教学训练的基础理论考核，并具有通用性和可扩展性。     

New approaches to process simplification for large‐area high‐resolution TFT‐LCDs

Abstract— Novel process architectures are proposed for fabricating large‐area high‐resolution TFT‐LCDs with a minimal number of process steps. A low contact resistance between Al bus lines and the transparent conductive oxide layer, necessary for large‐area panels, is obtained by inducing a self‐formed inter‐metallic compound layer at the interface without using any additional buffer or capping layers. For enhanced brightness and resolution, a new TFT array structure integrated on a color‐filter substrate, referred to as an Array on Color Filter (AOC) structure, has been developed. Good‐quality TFTs were successfully constructed on the newly developed color filter for AOC within a sufficiently wide process margin. By adopting these novel technologies, a 15.0‐in. XGA prototype panel was fabricated and shows good display performance. Thus, these novel technologies have improved cost efficiency and productivity for TFT‐LCD manufacturing, and can be applied to the development of TFT‐LCDs of extended display area and enhanced resolution, benefiting from the low resistance bus lines, the high aperture ratio, and reduction in total process steps.     

Quaternion based optical flow estimation for robust object tracking

We propose a quaternion optical flow algorithm for robust object tracking. Unlike previous works of color optical flow methods that treat color as separating channels, the proposed algorithm exploits quaternion representation of color and processes color as a holistic signal. In this way, it enables more accurate flow estimation at the pixel locations of spatial color variations, and reduces tracking errors by leaving more features points at their correct locations on the target. For successful and efficient object tracking, we also proposed a novel type of quaternion color corners that are reliable features during tracking. Together with grayscale corners, they form a good feature point set, especially when used with the proposed quaternion optical flow algorithm. We conduct a quantitative evaluation on publicly available dataset to verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. And object tracking experiments demonstrate that robust tracking can be achieved for real-time applications.     

通风机械仪表盘在复杂背景环境中视觉故障检测与定位研究

通风机械仪表盘往往处于复杂的背景环境中,阴影或部分遮挡会在图像中引入不一致的颜色、亮度和纹理变化,使得故障区域与周围环境的对比度下降,导致人工方法难以正确定位故障区域。针对这些问题,设计一种通风机械仪表盘视觉故障检测与定位方法。首先,使用Kinect相机提取通风机械仪表图像,并进行直方图均衡化来调节图像的亮度和色调,增强故障轮廓与背景的局部对比度。然后,利用改进像素相关性分割算法分割图像特征,将图像中的仪表盘区域从复杂背景中提取出来。利用深度学习领域的深度卷积网络,对分割后的仪表盘图像进行故障轮廓检测。最后,计算定位目标(故障轮廓)的质心坐标,将质心位置作为目标点,映射到构建的投影成像空间坐标系中实现对仪表盘显示故障区域的高精度定位。实验结果显示:应用该方法后,故障区域与周围环境的对比度区分显著增强,具有较高的检测和定位精度。     

基于YUV空间的彩色夜视融合方法

提出了一种基于图像增强和颜色迁移理论的彩色夜视融合方法。首先采用局部增强技术以及中值滤波方法调整低光照可视图像和红外图像的对比度;然后将增强后的图像进行线性运算获得三幅灰度图像,并分别将其映射到RGB三个通道生成伪彩色融合图像;最后,基于YUV颜色空间将参考图像的颜色传输至融合图像获得自然、真实的彩色融合图像。实验结果表明,彩色迁移图像较伪彩色融合图像颜色更加自然、真实,更有利于人眼对目标和环境的判断识别。与其他融合方法相比,算法执行速度更快。     

基于C/S模式的程序设计考试系统分析与实现

分析并设计一套集命题、测试和评价于一体的C/S架构的考试系统,特别针对C、C++和Java的Console类程序设计进行了设计和研究,提出了全题型自动阅卷的设计方案和实现途径,为计算机程序设计语言课程教学提供了良好的教学平台。     

Improved image quality of a high‐transflective tRGB‐t/rW TFT‐LCD

Abstract— This work combines a very simple resolution rescaling method, a well‐known RGB‐to‐YUV converting technique and a detection strategy into an optimized switchable mechanism in order to eliminate the problems of obvious zigzag profiles caused by the special layouts of transflective tRGB‐t/rW TFT‐LCDs and the poor reflective gray‐level contrast ratio effected by the minimum white data in the transmissive RGB‐W + subpixel rendering algorithms. Finally, a transflective tRGB‐t/rW TFT‐LCD is revealed not only to have no visible zigzag profiles and high visibility of reflective gray‐level contrast ratio, but also to have extreme reflectance and transmittance. The excellent optical performance of the proposed system makes it particularly suitable for single‐panel applications that need both high‐transmissive main displays and high‐reflective subdisplays.     

An 18 megapixel 4.3″ 1443 ppi 120 Hz OLED display for wide field of view high acuity head mounted displays

We developed and fabricated the world's highest resolution (18 megapixel, 1443 ppi) OLED on glass display panel. The design uses a white OLED with color filter structure for high density pixelization and an n‐type LTPS backplane for faster response time than mobile phone displays. A custom high bandwidth driver IC was fabricated. We developed a foveated pixel pipeline appropriate for virtual reality and augmented reality applications, especially mobile systems.     

基于小波分析和伪彩色处理的轮毂图像增强

针对轮毂X射线图像随机噪声大、对比度低、分辨率较低、不利于对缺陷进行检测的问题,该文充分利用小波降噪增强技术和伪彩色增强技术的优点,提出基于小波分析和伪彩色处理的轮毂X射线图像增强方法。首先将轮毂X射线图像用改进的小波增强方法进行降噪增强处理,提高图像的对比度及细节可见度,然后进行基于HSI颜色空间的伪彩色处理进一步提高图像分辨率,最后得到增强后的轮毂图像。实验结果表明,该文提出的方法提高了轮毂X射线图像的分辨率,在降噪的同时产生更好的视觉效果,方便进行轮毂缺陷的检测。     

结合导向滤波与自适应算子的水下图像增强

针对水下图像存在的颜色失真、对比度低及图像模糊等现象,提出一种结合导向滤波与自适应算子的水下增强算法。首先根据水体对光线吸收的差异,对水下图像的三通道进行自适应算子颜色补偿,融合三通道,得到颜色补偿后的水下图像,有效提升水下图像色彩真实性;再将水下图像放入导向滤波改进的Retinex模型中,有效去除水下图像产生的模糊现象;最后分别计算增强后水下图像的三种权重,根据三种权重进行多尺度融合,获得最终增强后的水下图像。选取不同的水下图像进行客观评价实验与主观评价实验,再与现阶段的水下图像增强算法进行对比,实验结果说明该算法在修正水下图像颜色及增强水下图像对比度等方面具有较好的效果,符合人眼视觉特征,视觉效果优于现有的水下图像增强算法。     

图象分割评价技术分类和比较

本文对图象分割评价，特别是评价方法和评价准则的进展，作了一个综述，现已提出的多数分割评价方法可分为直接法和间接法，直接法研究分割算法本身，面间接法根据分割图象来评价算法的性能。直接法和间接法都需要借助一定的评价准则来进行。本文对已提出的各种准则进行了分类与分析比较，并对常用的评价准则进行了实验比较，通过分析其性能表现排出了它们的优劣次序。本研究为在实际中正确地应用不同的评价方法提出了依据并指出了若干进一步研究的方向。     

温度自补偿型光纤Bragg光栅土压力传感器设计

针对传统土压力传感器长期稳定性差、抗电磁干扰能力不强以及组网难度大等问题,根据传感器与土介质的匹配原则,设计了一种光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）温度自补偿土压力传感器,可实现温度和土压力2个参量的同时测量.对传感器灵敏度系数、匹配性等参数进行了理论分析计算.根据分析结果,加工封装传感器并对其进行了压力校准和温度自补偿性能实验.实验表明：传感器的输出波长分别与温度和土压力均呈线性关系,压力灵敏度系数为272.19 pm/MPa,输出分辨率为0.36％,线性相关度为99.989％;温度灵敏度系数为21.16 pm/℃,线性相关度99.998％,在0～40℃范围内具有良好的温度自补偿能力,其性能参数符合工程应用要求.