豆基蛋白质胶粘剂改性及应用研究

为了降低豆基蛋白质胶粘剂的黏度、提高胶合板的耐沸水胶接强度和满足工业化的生产要求,对传统豆基蛋白质胶粘剂进行改性,并通过胶粘剂的黏度、pH值、凝胶时间、耐沸水胶接强度以及热分析结果等确定了改性剂的合理用量。然后以热压温度、热压时间、热压压力和涂胶量作为试验因素,以胶接强度作为考核指标,采用正交试验法优选出制备胶合板用改性豆基蛋白质胶粘剂的较佳工艺条件。结果表明:改性剂的合理用量(质量分数)是40%;胶合板的较佳热压工艺参数是热压温度140℃,热压时间5 min,热压压力1.2 MPa,双面涂胶量310 g/m2;在此较佳热压工艺条件下制备的胶合板,其耐沸水胶接强度较理想(为1.12 MPa),并且满足Ⅰ类胶合板的标准要求。     

改性花生蛋白基黏合剂用于杨木胶合板热压工艺的研究

通过单因素试验,对改性花生蛋白黏合剂所适用的杨木胶合板最佳热压工艺条件进行探究。着重考察了热压压力、热压时间、热压温度和涂胶量对胶合板湿态胶合强度的影响,并利用正交试验进行工艺优化。研究结果表明:最佳热压工艺为热压压力0.6 MPa、热压时间600 s、热压温度100℃和涂胶量210 g/m²。利用该工艺制备的胶合板湿态胶合强度达到1.39 MPa,满足国家Ⅱ类胶合板的要求(0.70 MPa)。     

PVAc乳胶/改性大豆分离蛋白共混胶黏剂的制备及性能

针对大豆蛋白胶黏剂耐水性差的缺点,用尿素初步改性大豆分离蛋白（SPI）,然后与白乳胶（PVAc）共混合成了共混改性大豆分离蛋白胶黏剂。采用正交实验方法考察了大豆蛋白胶与白乳胶质量比、共混时间、交联剂质量分数、交联时间对大豆蛋白胶黏剂剪切粘接强度的影响,确定了优化配比及制备工艺条件,并在此基础上采用正交试验优化了热压参数。结果表明：大豆蛋白胶与白乳胶质量比10∶1,共混时间1h,交联剂质量分数1.0%,交联时间1.5h,热压温度120℃,热压压强1.2MPa,热压时间2min/mm,涂胶量250g/m2时,测得胶黏剂的干态剪切粘接强度为2.01MPa,按照Ⅰ类胶合板标准测得湿态剪切粘接强度为1.04MPa,并对优化配方进行了结构与性能分析。     

不同木质素磺酸钠对豆粕胶黏剂性能的影响

通过FTIR、元素分析、GPC对4种不同来源的木质素磺酸钠进行物理化学性质分析,并将其与水性聚酰胺协同改性豆粕胶黏剂(简称豆粕胶),利用测试接触角、剪切黏度和湿态胶合强度考察改性前后胶黏剂的浸润性、流变特性以及所得胶合板的胶合性能.红外谱图分析表明,在1065 cm–1附近出现了磺酸基或磺甲基中S==O的伸缩振动吸收峰,证明木质素经过磺化反应或磺甲基化反应得到木质素磺酸钠;木质素磺酸钠中磺酸基含量越高,经其改性的豆粕胶的零剪切黏度越低且在木材表面的润湿性越好;豆粕胶黏剂与杨木单板的接触角从未改性的95°降到改性后的61°;与水性聚酰胺协同改性后的豆粕胶制得胶合板的湿态胶合强度达到0.92 MPa,合格率为100％,满足国家Ⅱ类胶合板的标准要求(胶合强度≥0.70 MPa,合格率≥90％).     

大豆蛋白胶竹材胶合板制作工艺的研究

以大豆蛋白胶为竹材胶合板的无甲醛胶黏剂,研究了胶合板的热压工艺。结果表明,大豆蛋白胶的竹材胶合板的最佳热压工艺参数:热压时间50 min,热压压力17 MPa,热压温度140℃,施胶量400 g/m2。在此条件下,胶合板在胶合强度和耐水性方面均高于国家标准Ⅱ类胶合板要求。     

API胶主剂-改性聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液的研制

用共聚方法对聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液进行改性，研究了共聚单体、助剂以及改性淀粉作为添加剂对乳液性能的影响。确定了相对较佳的配比方案，合成了一种胶合板用水性高分子-异氰酸酯（API）胶主剂。用异氰酸酯作API胶的固化剂，测得胶黏剂对木材的湿胶合强度达到1．3MPa以上，胶合板的甲醛释放量仅为0．0144mg·L^-1。实验得到了一种耐水性好、低成本、环保的API胶用主剂。     

稻草焦油替代苯酚合成酚醛树脂胶黏剂的研究

用稻草焦油部分替代苯酚合成酚醛树脂胶黏剂,并对其性能进行了分析。实验结果表明,稻草焦油替代量对所合成的酚醛树脂胶黏度和胶合强度特性影响较大,当稻草焦油添加量为25g,即替代量达到19．2％时,制备的酚醛树脂胶黏度适中,游离甲醛质量分数低于0．5％,具备较高的胶合强度,并且胶合强度达到GB／T9846—2004对Ⅰ类胶合板的要求。由于稻草焦油的加入降低了胶黏剂的成本,其所制得的胶黏剂有良好的应用前景。     

竹焦油替代苯酚合成酚醛树脂胶黏剂的研究

研究了用竹焦油部分替代苯酚合成酚醛树脂胶黏剂,并对其性能进行分析。实验结果表明,竹焦油替代量对所合成的酚醛树脂胶黏度和胶合强度特性影响较大,当竹焦油添加量为 30g,即替代量达到 12.5% 时,制备的酚醛树脂胶黏度适中,游离甲醛含量低于 0.5%,具备较高的胶合强度,并且胶合强度达到 GB/T 9846-2004对Ⅰ类胶合板的要求。由于竹焦油的加入降低了胶黏剂的成本,其所制得的胶黏剂有良好的应用前景。     

葛根淀粉基胶黏剂制备与性能研究

研究开发以淀粉为主要原料的环保型胶黏剂替代"三醛类"木材胶黏剂,对彻底解决人造板及其制品的甲醛释放问题具有重要意义。以野生葛根淀粉为原料,通过降黏处理,并与聚醋酸乙烯酯和异氰酸酯复配,制备出胶合强度达到国家Ⅱ类要求的淀粉基木材胶黏剂。研究了降黏剂用量、降黏时间、聚醋酸乙烯酯和异氰酸酯用量对淀粉基木材胶黏剂胶合强度的影响。优化工艺条件下制备胶黏剂胶接胶合板的胶合强度为1.89 MPa,能够满足国家Ⅱ类胶合板强度要求。     

有机硅乳液改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究

采用对比实验,考查有机硅乳液加入时间、加入量等因素对脲醛树脂的改性效果,将制成的改性脲醛树脂胶粘荆压制三层杨木胶合板,检测胶合板的甲醛释放量和胶合强度等指标。试验结果表明,改性效果最佳的nP／nU为1.2,当有机硅的加入量为树脂总量的5％,加入方式为树脂合成后期加入,对于提高树脂胶合强度、降低游离甲醛及甲醛释放量效果最佳。     

Adhesive qualities of soybean protein-based foamed plywood glues

The potential of soy protein-based plywood glues for foam extrusion was evaluated. Standard glue mixes containing the soy flours Honeysoy 90, ISU-CCUR, Nutrisoy 7B, and defatted Soyafluff, and the soy concentrates Arcon F and Procon 2000 showed excellent foaming and adhesive qualities but did not have the ability to refoam. To improve refoaming capability, the formulations were modified by increasing the quantities of soy flour or concentrate so that they provided 3.48 g protein/100 g of glue mix. This was the amount of protein contributed by animal blood when it was used as the extender in the standard formulation for foamed glue. All the modified glues containing soy flour or concentrate had good refoaming properties and adhesive strengths that were at least equal to that of the control glue. Simple cost analysis also indicated that when soy flour was used, the modified formulations were cheaper to produce than the current blood-based glue.     

Soy-based,tannin-modified plywood adhesives

In this research, two different types of commercial tannins, namely a hydrolysable tannin (chestnut) and a condensed flavonoid tannin (mimosa), were used to prepare two types of soy-based (soy flour (SF) and soy protein isolate) adhesives for making plywood. Thermogravimetric properties (TGA) and its derivative as function of temperature (DTG) of different soy-based adhesive were measured in the range 40°C–300°C. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) from 25°C to 250°C was done for the different resin formulations. Duplicate three-ply laboratory plywood panels were prepared by adding 300 g/m² of the adhesives’ total resin solid content composed of SF or isolated soy protein (ISP), urea, chestnut, and mimosa tannin extracts with hexamine as hardener. Based on the results obtained, tannins can improve SF adhesion properties. The TMA showed that chestnut tannin extract appeared to react well with SF, while mimosa tannin extract appeared to react well with ISP. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry also showed that among other reactions, the soy protein amino acids reacted with the tannins. Furthermore, delamination and shear strength test results showed the good water resistance of plywood bonded with soy-based tannin modified adhesive.     

Shear strength and water resistance of modified soy protein adhesives

Soy protein polymers recently have been considered as alternatives to petroleum polymers to ease environmental pollution. The use of soy proteins as adhesives for plywood has been limited because of their low water resistance. The objective of this research was to test the water resistance of adhesives containing modified soy proteins in walnut, maple, poplar, and pine plywood applications. Gluing strength and water resistance of wood were tested by using two ASTM standard methods. Glues with modified soy proteins had stronger bond strength than those containing unmodified soy proteins. Plywood made with glue containing urea-modified proteins had higher water resistance than those bonded with glues containing alkali-modified and heat-treated proteins. After three 48-h cycles of water-soaking, followed by 48 h of air-drying, no delamination was observed for either walnut or pine specimens glued with the urea-modified soy protein adhesives. Gluing strength for wood species with smooth and oriented surface structure was lower than for those with rough, randomly oriented, surface structures. Wood species with greater expansion of dimensions during water-soaking had a higher delamination rate than those showing less expansion.     

大豆蛋白胶粉胶合板热压工艺的研究

粉状胶粘剂具有贮存时间长、运输方便、含水量低的优点,为了防止热压过程中的＂鼓泡＂现象,促进大豆蛋白胶粉的应用,研究了用改性大豆蛋白胶粉制造胶合板的热压工艺,通过单因素实验和正交实验,得到最优组合为：胶粉施胶量120 g/m2,胶水施胶量230 g/m2,热压时间110 s/mm,热压压力132 MPa,此时胶合强度为0.98 MPa,达到国家标准Ⅱ类胶合板的要求。     

Bond quality of soy-based phenolic adhesives in southern pine plywood

Increased demand for wood adhesives, environmental concerns, and the uncertainty of continuing availability of petrochemicals have led to recent attention on protein-based adhesives. This study was conducted to investigate the glue bond qualities of soy-based phenolic adhesive resins for southern pine plywood. Two types of soy-based resins were formulated and tested. The first was made by cross-linking soy flour with phenol-formaldehyde (pf) resins at neutral pH. The second type was obtained by cross-linking soy flour hydrolyzates with pf resin under alkaline conditions. Plywood bonded with the neutral phenolic soy resins containing 70% soy flour and 30% 1.6 g/cm² pf without the use of extenders and fillers compared favorably with the traditional southern pine pf glue mixes. Plywood bonded with alkaline phenolic soy resins, containing 40 or 50% 0.5 g/cm² PF with the addition of extender (19% corn-cob powder), provided better adhesive glue bond properties than traditional southern pine pf glue mixes. These results suggest that soy-based phenolic adhesive resins have potential for the production of exterior southern pine plywood.     

改性豆基蛋白胶粘剂的制备及应用

以改性异氰酸酯作为交联剂,制备改性豆基蛋白胶粘剂。探讨了交联剂、乳化剂和热压工艺条件等因素对该胶粘剂耐水胶接强度的影响。结果表明:当w(交联剂)=6%、u(乳化剂)=1.5%、热压时间为60 s/mm、热压压力为1.0 MPa和热压温度为120℃时,胶合板的耐水胶接强度为1.21 MPa,完全满足GB/T 9846.3—2004标准中Ⅱ类胶合板的使用要求,并且改性生豆基蛋白胶粘剂的适用期超过60 h。     

大豆蛋白基乒乓球拍底板热压工艺的研究

为了解决乒乓球拍释放有毒气体的问题,研究以改性大豆蛋白胶为胶粘剂,采用不同的热压工艺对乒乓球拍底板进行粘合,通过运动员试打评价及胶合强度检测,得到最佳的压板工艺:热预压90 min,热压压力1.4 MPa,热压温度150℃,热压时间10 min。     

大豆7S与11S球蛋白尿素变性后的粘接性质研究

随着人们对环境保护意识的增加和地球有限资源的缺乏,大豆蛋白在胶粘剂工业中的应用也越来越显示出强大的吸引力,鉴于前人的研究成果,文章研究了大豆7S和11S球蛋白经过尿素变性后在松木、樱桃木和胡桃木上的粘接强度和湿润能力。结果表明在不同的木块上不同胶粘剂有不同的粘接强度和湿润性能。7S大豆蛋白尿素变性后在硬木上有较好的湿润性。1M尿素变性赋予11S蛋白的粘接强度最高,3M尿素变性后,7S蛋白在硬木上的粘接强度大于11S蛋白。蛋白质的二级结构测量表明β-折叠对于3 M尿素变性后的大豆蛋白在硬木上的粘接强度起着重要作用,而无规则卷曲是降低1 M尿素变性7S大豆蛋白粘接强度的主要因素。