基于元胞自动机的月亮山景区景观格局动态模拟

研究以中国云南省"三江并流"世界自然遗产地月亮山核心景区作为实例,依据1994年和2004年Landsat TM多光谱遥感影像,基于元胞自动机(CA)模型进行景观格局的时空动态模拟,用灰色局势决策方法确定邻域转换规则,同时用Monte Carlo法考虑了模拟时转换的随机性.对4种情景进行了趋势预测:按原有模式演变;按聚集模式演变;按生态模式演变;按廊道生态模式演变.结果表明:依据研究区1994年的景观格局现状对2004年未来演变情景总趋势预测结果与实际相符;在信息不完全的情况下,邻域转换规则可以根据景观特征的动态变化随地理空间位置和时间而变化;该方法用于景观格局动态变化的预测是可行的.实现了对景观格局的动态模拟及规划方案的评估,为景现生态规划方案的确定提供了支持.     

基于GIS的沿海局地景观格局变化研究

借助于GIS技术,从景观生态学的角度出发,以沿海的电白县为例,按照土地利用类型进行景观格局划分,并通过其指数的变化对局地土地利用动态变化进行研究.结果表明:2005～2009年电白县沿海滩涂沼泽面积明显增加,水域大幅度减少,其余也有一定量的增减.土地利用斑块数目增加,分维数和分离度呈增加趋势,多样性和均匀度均呈下降趋势,景观格局的空间异质性下降,优势度有所增大,破碎度增加,人类活动对景观格局的干扰程度较大.     

城市化产生的城乡景观生态问题

运用景观生态学的理论和方法对城市化进程中的城市和乡村景观的结构、布局、功能和资源利用等方面进行研究,分析了中国目前由城市化带来的城乡景观问题和问题产生的原因:乡村景观生态问题突出自然、半自然景观的退化造成生态平衡失调,景观格局混乱造成生态环境质量下降,新旧景观不协调造成乡土特色消失,人地关系矛盾突出,土地浪费及污染严重,生态环境遭到破坏;城市景观生态问题强调区域生态环境遭到破坏使得生态功能下降、具有重要价值的自然与人文景观遭到破坏、城市绿色空间不断减少造成景观破碎度增加、城市布局缺乏规划引发空间发展问题.在此基础上提出相应的对策,指出乡村景观生态问题的解决应注重景观生态规划、调整布局,以整体性原则协调区域综合发展,有效协调各种矛盾,加大农村土地整理力度,开展生态网络建设;城市景观生态优化应着重于合理规划景观结构比例,建立合理的景观格局,并有效地建设城市绿地,调控生态环境.     

从景观生态学探讨山地公园植物群落景观格局的优化

山地公园的景观格局因其独特的地形环境及植物群落与其他公园生态系统的差距巨大.笔者在分析了影响山地公园植物群落格局的因素之后,借助景观生态学原理找出优化山地公园植物群落景观格局的方法,旨在通过遵循地形和自然生境,合理配植植物群落,营造和谐的植物群落空间结构,最终达到增强植物群落视觉效果,优化山地公园植物群落景观格局的目的.     

特克斯县山地草原经营性分区及利用的对策

新疆特克斯县草地资源丰富多样,植物区系复杂,草原类型多,草地类型分布较集中.通过GEF项目的草地资源调查,利用SWOT分析方法客观的剖析畜牧业生产对草地资源的利用现状及存在的主要问题,并从生态环境、草地开发利用和畜牧业发展的角度,提出草地资源经营性划区利用的对策.     

景观破碎化与生物多样性的相关性

景观破碎化是制约生物多样性重要的"瓶颈"之一.人为干扰、生境岛屿化等是形成景观破碎化的主要原因,景观破碎化改变了物种生存所需的生物地理环境,物种生存空间锐减,减少了生物的物种多样性;改变了生态系统特性,影响系统内的物质流动和能量平衡,加剧了生态系统的破坏;改变了斑块面积.斑块密度和空间结构,引起景观格局变化,使景观多样性减少.笔者通过对上述方面的阐述,旨在更好地理解景观破碎化对生物多样性产生的深刻影响,并提出减少破碎化的实施措施.     

与沿线景观协调的公路景观设计——以美国I-15公路景观设计为例

公路景观设计是公路建设的重要内容,通过对公路景观概念和空间特征的阐述,以美国I-15公路景观设计为例,探讨了与沿线景观协调的公路景观设计方法,说明公路景观设计应与沿线景观格局、景观特征、地域文化等方面协调进行.-     

淮安市土地利用景观格局研究

笔者选取了淮安市楚州区、洪泽县进行土地利用的景观格局研究,采用了景观格局指数法分析了2区域2000年相关景观格局指数.研究表明:①2区域土地利用结构区别较大,其中洪泽县受人类干扰较少的景观类型占52.52%,而楚州区仅为14.24%,这也受客观因素制约.②2区域土地利用类型按平均斑块面积由大到小排序,楚州区为耕地>建设用地>水域>未利用地>林地;洪泽县为水域>耕地>建设用地>未利用地>林地.③2区域景观要素类型的结构特征表明楚州区较洪译县耕地破碎度、空间导质性更大;2区域斑块数量均较多,但洪译县斑块密度更小,且其建设用地景观形状更趋于规则;两区域的水域景观差别显著;两区域林地、未利用土地景观面积所占比例相差不大,其景观形状指数差别也不大.④2区域总体景观特征表明,洪泽县景观多样性指数,丰富度指数相对较高,优势度指数、破碎化指数相对较低.该研究总体反映了在研究区域的人类活动处于过度状态.     

城市森林建设的景观格局研究——以天津为例

以城市森林的概念、范围为突破点,针对天津市的实际绿化状况重新定义了城市森林的概念和范围,继而确立了以城市森林建设为主体的城市绿化概念范围,在这一理念指导下,对天津市的城市森林建设景观格局进行研究,确定了天津市城市森林建设的景观格局规划方案.     

川中大峡谷地质旅游资源调查与评价研究

"5.12"汶川特大地震以来,四川旅游资源遭受了巨大的破坏与损失,震后旅游资源的保护和开发成了研究热点.本文基于旅游地质资源调查与评价,分析研究了川中大峡谷的形成原因、景观价值,采用定性与定量相结合的方法对川中大峡谷主要的旅游地质资源进行科学的评价,为促进当地的旅游发展做出了引导.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.