尾叶桉无性系多性状遗传分析

对广西山口林场、钦廉林场天堂分场及钦州市犀牛脚镇等3个地点20个以尾叶桉为主参试无性系6、12、18、42个月生的生长性状进行分析与遗传测定.结果表明:参试的20个无性系生长性状在无性系、地点和无性系×地点交互效应上均存在极显著差异;42个月生参试的20个无性系在不同试验地点平均生长量表现为:钦廉林场天堂分场>山口林场>钦州市犀牛脚镇,性状综合分析及评定表明12、15、18号等3个尾叶桉无性系适应性广,具速生丰产性,可推广利用;3个试点选择12、15、18号3个普适型无性系时,其单株材积遗传增益可达35.32%-47.57%.     

玉米RILs群体产量及相关性状评价

[目的]为性状的基因定位及综合性状优良的玉米自交系挖掘提供理论依据.[方法]以玉米RILs群体(吉846×掖3189)的280个家系及2个亲本为试材,采用随机区组设计,连续3年对供试材料进行田间鉴定,分析产量及相关性状表现.[结果]家系间、年份与家系互作间10个性状均存在极显著差异;各性状的广义遗传力较大,在50.76%-82.81%;群体内各性状的偏度和峰度绝对值小于1,符合正态分布.[结论]家系2、10、27、122、257和321的产量及相关性状在不同年份均表现较好,在今后玉米育种中可优先利用;10个性状均可进行QTL分析.     

都匀毛尖茶本地品种茶树研究

[目的]调查都匀毛尖茶本地品种茶树资源,培育本地优势茶树品种,制定无公害种植管理规范.[方法]通过资源普查、田间品比试验并参考有关标准得出都匀毛尖茶本地品种茶树的资源状况.[结果]都匀毛尖茶本地品种茶树地理分布广泛、基因资源丰富.在同一立地和相同气候条件下,不同无性系的腋芽萌动期不同,芽叶数与芽叶重呈极显著正相关,不同无性系的芽叶分枝数差异极显著.[结论]确定了都匀毛尖茶本地品种茶树在当地的分布特点,筛选出6个高产优质原生茶树品系,制定了茶树无公害种植管理规范.     

中国对虾生长性状的遗传力和遗传相关估计

[目的]对中国对虾生长性状的遗传力和遗传相关进行估计,为中国对虾的选择育种提供基础依据和技术参数.[方法]采用人工授精技术建立了51个全同胞家系(包括35个半同胞家系),分别测定了中国对虾150日龄时各家系的体长、头胸甲长、腹节长和体重.应用数量遗传学原理,采用方差、协方差分析的方法,研究了中国对虾150日龄时生长性状的遗传力及性状间的遗传相关和表型相关.[结果]中国对虾体长遗传力的估计值在0.36～0.51,头胸甲长的遗传力估计值在0.14～0.24,腹节长的遗传力估计值在0.25～0.50,而体重的遗传力估计值在0.04～0.29.中国对虾各生长性状表现出高的正相关,其中体重和腹节长的遗传相关最大(为0.92),其次为体长和腹节长(0.91)、体长和体重(0.88)、体重和头胸甲长(0.87)、腹节长和头胸甲长(0.86)之间的遗传相关,以体长和头胸甲长之间的遗传相关最小(0.83).[结论]中国对虾体长、头胸甲长、腹节长和体重性状表型相关在0.80-0.90,t检验均达到极显著水平(P<0.01).     

10个小麦品种面粉品质对其面条品质影响的研究

[目的]研究小麦面粉及面条若干品质性状的品种间差异,分析小麦面粉与面条若干品质性状间的相关性.[方法]选用烟农19、皖麦48和扬麦12等10个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,分别测定其面粉的14个主要品质性状和面条的8个品质性状,并进行面粉与面条各品质性状间的相关性分析.[结果]小麦面粉14个主要品质性状及面条8个品质性状的品种间差异均达到极显著水平;面条色泽和表现状态均与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、灰分含量、总戊聚糖含量、非水溶性戊聚糖含量呈显著或极显著负相关,与高峰粘度、最后粘度等部分淀粉性状呈显著正相关;面条适口性、光滑性和面条评分也表现出相似趋势.[结论]该研究10个小麦品种的面粉品质对其面条品质具有显著影响.     

西葫芦果径主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]为西葫芦果径育种提供依据.[方法]选用西葫芦自交系配制q-1×23-4G(组合1)和q-1×A-7(组合2)2个组合,构建了P<,1>、F<,2>、BC<,1>、BC<,2>、BC<,2>和F<,2>6个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型时6个世代群体果径进行了多世代联合分析.[结果]2个组合的西葫芦的果径性状遗传为加性-显性-上位性2对主基因(B-1)遗传模型;2个组合F<,2>的主基因遗传率较高,环境影响相对较小.[结论]西葫芦果径育种宜早代选择.     

谷子理想株型在种质资源选育中的应用研究

[目的]探讨谷子理想株型在种质资源选育中的应用.[方法]以具有理想株型形态特征的谷子种质资源立绿谷和立紫谷为试材,配置多个杂交组合,筛选具有理想株型形态特征的杂交后代,经河南、海南两地多年异地加代,将不同种质资源的理想植株形态、生理状态等优良性状整合到同一品种(系)内,培育出具有理想株型的高光效谷子新品种(系).[结果]经过连续5年多代选育,选育出5个综合性状表现较好的新品种,其农艺性状较原始亲本有了较大的改良,并较好地遗传了原始亲本的叶群结构.[结论]利用原始亲本立绿谷和立紫谷开展谷子理想株型育种具有可行性.     

西葫芦果柄长主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]为西葫芦果柄长育种提供依据.[方法]选用西葫芦自交系配制q.1×23-4G(组合1)和q.1×A-7(组合2)2个组合,构建P<,1>、F<,1>、P<,2>、BC<,1>、BC<,2>和F<,2>6个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型对该6个世代群体果柄长进行多世代联合分析.[结果]2个组合西葫芦的果柄长性状遗传为加性-显性-上位性2对主基因(B-1)遗传模型;2个组合F2的主基因遗传率较低,环境影响相对较大.[结论]西葫芦果柄长育种宜采用个体选择法,可在晚世代选择.     

西葫芦果长性状主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]为西葫芦果长育种提供依据.[方法]选用蔓生和矮生的西葫芦自交系配制q-1×23-4G(组合1)和q-1×A-7(组合2)2个组合,构建P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F,26个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型对该6个世代群体果长进行多世代联合分析.[结果]2个组合的西葫芦的果长遗传为1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因(D-2)遗传模型,组合1以加性效应为主,而组合2以显性效应为主;2个组合F2的基因遗传率较高,环境影响相对较小.[结论]西葫芦果长育种宜早代选择.     

抗草甘膦棉花杂交种F1代竞争优势研究

[目的]筛选具有高产、优质、抗草甘膦,综合性状优良的棉花杂交种.[方法]以抗草甘膦棉花品种(系)作父本/母本,与常规优良品种(系)组配14个杂交组合,分析测定各杂交组合在产量、产量构成因子、抗虫和抗草甘膦方面的竞争优势表现.[结果]14个杂交组合生育期较对照赣棉杂1号提前,高抗草甘膦,其中组合① 、⑤ 、⑨ 、⑩ 、[11] 抗棉铃虫;组合②、⑤、⑥、⑩产量构成因子协调,籽、皮棉产量高于对照赣棉杂1号;组合① 、②、③ 、⑤ 、[14] 棉纤维品质较好.[结论]综合抗性、结铃进度、农艺性状、产量和纤维品质等性状,最终筛选出②、⑤、⑥ 、⑩ 等4个高产、优质、抗草甘膦、综合性状优良的杂交组合.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.