The International FORUM of Fire Research Directors: A position paper on performance-based design for fire code applications

The International FORUM of Fire Research Directors (FORUM) periodically takes a position on a technical issue of international significance confronting the fire safety research community. The position of the FORUM on performance-based regulations, codes and design for fire safety applications, and the rationale leading to it, is described in this paper. Aspects addressed include current capabilities and challenges associated with the application of performance-based design, and possible enhancements (obtained through a coordinated and sustained global effort of research) in next generation tools leading to more certain predictions of the effects on performance of changes in building materials, active and passive fire protection systems, compartmentation, and egress systems; the structural response of a building to large fires including those leading to full building burnout; the impact of fire on neighboring buildings and infrastructure; and the uncertainty in deterministic predictions for incorporation into reliable probabilistic calculations of hazard and risk.     

集中射流装置

灭火战斗如同球队比赛,有进攻和防守两个单位。在建筑灭火中,你经常处于进攻态势。多数工业火灾都要求消防队处于防守态势,具体情况取决于火灾的规模和类型。处于防守态势时,你通常会携带集中射流装置或大型消防炮,它们可大大增加灭火能力。集中射流装置指的是非手持型的装置,其流量一般为350gal/min(1325L/min)。这种装置包括移动式消防炮、云梯管道以及超大流量喷射装置(流量2000~14000gal/min)。超大流量装置主要用于工业设施,但它们在市政消防队和志愿消防队中也占有一席之地,这是因为其负责区段也有较大的工商业设施。我年轻时当消防…     

Findings of the International Road Tunnel Fire Detection Research Project

Fire detection systems are essential fire protection elements for road tunnels to detect fires, activate safety systems and direct evacuation and firefighting. However, information on the performance of these systems is limited and guidelines for application of tunnel fire detection systems are not fully developed. The National Research Council of Canada and the Fire Protection Research Foundation, with support of government organizations, industries and private sector organizations, have completed a research project to investigate current fire detection technologies for road tunnel protection. The project included studies on the detection performance of current fire detection technologies with both laboratory and field fire tests combined with computer modelling studies. This paper provides an overview of the findings of the project. Fire detectors, fire scenarios and test protocols used in the test program are described. A summary of the research results of the series of full-scale fire tests conducted in a laboratory tunnel facility and in an operating road tunnel as well as of the computer modelling activities will be reported.     

Findings of the International Road Tunnel Fire Detection Research Project

Fire detection systems play a crucial role in ensuring safe evacuation and firefighting operations in road tunnels, but information on the performance of these systems in tunnels has been limited and guidelines for their application in tunnel environments are not fully developed. Recently, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the Fire Protection Research Foundation completed a 2-year international research project, with the support of private- and public-sector organizations, to determine some of the strengths and weaknesses of the various types of fire detection systems and the factors that can affect their performance in tunnel environments. The project included both laboratory and field fire tests combined with computer modeling studies. Although this research was conducted on road tunnels, the findings should apply to other tunnels, such as those used in subway systems. As part of the project, the NRC conducted two series of tests in the Carleton University-NRC tunnel facility to investigate the performance of detection systems under minimal and longitudinal airflow conditions. In addition, NRC conducted tests in the Carré-Viger Tunnel in Montréal, as well as a computer modeling study. The project studied nine fire detection systems that covered five types of currently available technologies. The performance of the detection systems, including response times and ability to locate and monitor a fire in the tunnel and the effect of the tunnel environment, were evaluated under the same conditions. This article provides an overview of the findings of the project. Fire detectors, fire scenarios and test protocols used in the test program are described. A summary of the research results of the full-scale fire tests conducted in a laboratory tunnel facility and in an operating road tunnel as well as of the computer modeling activities is reported.     

汉语国际教育在国际经贸合作中的作用分析

在经济全球化背景下,随着我国社会经济的发展,对外贸易活动更加频繁,国际经济合作项目日益增多,汉语国际教育也开始体现出其重要性。针对汉语国际教育在国际经济合作中的的长足发展,提出"引进来""走出去"相结合的方式,发展汉语国际教育。     

第八届结构抗火国际会议(SiF’14)

<正>2014年6月11日-13日中国上海会议背景:结构在火灾下的破坏甚至倒塌会对人民的生命和财产造成巨大的损失。鉴于结构抗火设计在结构设计中的重要性,第一届结构抗火国际研讨会(SiF)于2000年在丹麦哥本哈根举行,随后每两年举办一次,直至2008年正式更名为国际会议,2010年和2012年会议分别在美国     

第八届结构抗火国际会议(SiF’14)

<正>2014年6月11日-13日中国上海会议主题:结构抗火分析中的火和传热模型;结构抗火数值分析;结构抗火试验分析;简化计算方法;材料高温特性;验证性研究;实际应用及案例分析;结构整体抗火性能分析等。会议规模:本次会议收到自由投稿的摘要280多篇,录用190篇。本次会议预计有国外代表120人左右参加,其中包括国际抗     

消防泵电气控制方案研究

GB 50116-2013《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》及GB 50974-2014《消防给水及消火栓系统技术规范》对消防泵控制提出了新要求;给出一套基于新规的消防泵控制解决方案,包含机械应急启动装置(附有操作说明)及如何对10D303-2~3《常用电机控制电路图》中消防泵控制电路图加以修改以满足新规要求。     

International Comparison of Fire Department Injuries

Firefighting remains a dangerous profession. The objective of this study was to compare injury rates among career and volunteer fire departments internationally. Methods: Injury and staffing data were collected for 2004–2009. All reported, lost-time, and activity-specific injury rates were calculated for fireground, medical, training and physical exercise activities. Injury rates were also adjusted for number of fireground and medical responses, and average annual training hours. Injury rates were generally higher in the U.S. than in Commonwealth nation and Japanese fire departments. Lost-time injury rates varied markedly among fire departments, from 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–0.9) to 23.5 (95% CI 22.4–22.7) injuries per 100 firefighters per year. The greatest pair-wise differences in lost-time injury rates were seen in the fireground and medical call activities, and these differences persisted when the rates were adjusted by the number of firefighters responding to fireground and medical incidents, respectively. Injury rates vary substantially across fire departments, suggesting that substantial improvements could result from adoption of more optimal health and safety approaches.     

第六届结构工程抗火国际会议

主办单位：密歇根州立大学 会议背景：结构抗火已日益成为工程师和科研人员关注的焦点,本次会议将为科研人员、火灾工程师和设计者提供一个交流学习的平台,以便促进结构抗火研究更好的发展。     

国际设计合作的新尝试--深圳会议展览中心室内设计

深圳会议展览中心是集展览、会议、商务、餐饮、娱乐为一体的多功能公共建筑。地处深圳市中心区南端,与商务办公区紧密相连。总建筑面积30万平方米,建筑总高度60m,东西长540m,南北宽 282m,设有9个大型展厅,6000个国际标准展位,7 个可容纳300～3000人的多功能厅和会议室,总投资近30亿人民币,是由深圳市人民政府投资的最大的单体工程。深圳会展中心主体采用钢结构支撑,有着“钢铁宫殿”的美誉,是一座具有国际标准的深圳标志性建筑。会展中心室内装饰按标高划分主要分为三大部分。第一部分主要是各个展厅,多功能厅、会议厅及入口门厅等。位于±0．00层3号展厅内的3000人多     

日本国际减灾合作新动向--第二届联合国减灾大会侧记

联合国防灾减灾的发展过程 在国际事务中,除了维护世界和平与政治稳定之外,防灾减灾也是联合国的主要工作之一。1987年,第44届联合国大会把20世纪最后10年定为“国际减灾十年”,主要目的是通过国际协调与合作,减轻因自然灾害造成的人员伤亡、物质损失以及社会经济混乱。1992年联合国在巴西召开的世界环境与发展大会上,提出了可持续发展的战略,并把防灾减灾与扶贫、环保一起作为实现可持续发展的重要工作。     

基于ANSYS抗火分析的三面受火钢梁防火研究

重点研究了超高层钢结构外露钢梁的防火问题,通过ANSYS有限元分析软件分析了无防火保护层的钢梁在三面受火条件下的温度分布、温度-时间曲线、挠度-时间曲线以及挠度-温度曲线等。分析表明:三面受火的钢梁在受火初期,截面各点温差较大,会产生各自相平衡的内力,但一段时间后,仍会丧失承载能力。