SOI thermal impedance extraction methodology and its significancefor circuit simulation

The buried-oxide in SOI MOSFET inhibits heat dissipation in the Si film and leads to increase in transistor temperature. This paper reports a simple and accurate characterization method for the self-heating effect (SHE) in SOI MOSFETs. The AC output conductance at a chosen bias point is measured at several frequencies to determine the thermal resistance (R_th) and thermal capacitance (C_th) associated with the SOI device. This methodology is important to remove the misleadingly large self-heating effect from the DC I-V data in device modeling. Not correcting for SHE may lead to significant error in circuit simulation. After SHE is accounted for, the frequency-dependent SHE may be disabled in circuit simulation without sacrificing the accuracy, thus providing faster circuit simulation for high-frequency circuits     

0.5μm部分耗尽SOI NMOSFET热载流子可靠性研究

对0.5μm部分耗尽SOI NMOSFET热载流子的可靠性进行了研究。在Vds=5V,Vgs=2.1V的条件下,加电1 000s后,宽长比为4/0.5的部分耗尽SOI H型栅NMOSFET的前栅阈值电压的漂移(ΔVt/Vt)和跨导的退化(Δgm/gm)分别为0.23%和2.98%。以器件最大跨导gm退化10%时所对应的时间作为器件寿命,依据幸运电子模型,0.5μm部分耗尽SOI NMOSFET寿命可达16.82年。     

部分耗尽SOI NMOSFET总剂量辐照的最坏偏置

通过模拟对ON、OFF、TG三种偏置下PD SOI NMOSFET的总剂量辐照效应进行了研究.模拟发现正沟道的最坏偏置是ON偏置,背沟道的最坏偏置与总剂量有关.当总剂量大时,背沟道的最坏偏置是OFF偏置;当总剂量小时则是TG偏置.而NMOSFET的最坏偏置则取决于起主要作用的是正栅还是背栅.由于辐照产生电子空穴对的过程与电场分布强相关,通过分析不同偏置下电场分布的差异确定最坏偏置的内在机制.     

复合栅控二极管新技术提取热载流子诱生的NMOS/SOI器件界面陷阱的横向分布

提出了用复合栅控二极管新技术提取MOS/SOI器件界面陷阱沿沟道横向分布的原理,给出了具体的测试步骤和方法.在此基础上,对具有体接触的NMOS/SOI器件进行了具体的测试和分析,给出了不同的累积应力时间下的界面陷阱沿沟道方向的横向分布.结果表明:随累积应力时间的增加,不仅漏端边界的界面陷阱峰值上升,而且沿沟道方向,界面陷阱从漏端不断向源端增生.     

Analysis of Self-Heating Effects in Ultrathin-Body SOI MOSFETs by Device Simulation

This paper discusses self-heating (SHE) effects in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology and applies device simulation to analyze the impact of thermal effects on the operation of nanoscale SOI n-MOSFETs. A 2-D drift-diffusion electrothermal simulation, using an electron transport model calibrated against Monte Carlo simulations at various temperatures, is employed in the analysis. We report the effects of device-structure parameters, such as SOI layer thickness, buried-oxide (BOX) thickness, source/drain (S/D) extension length, and thickness of the elevated S/D region, on the SHE of nanoscale MOSFETs. The SHE effects become significant due to the adoption of thin silicon layers and to the low thermal conductivity of the BOX, leading to the rise of large temperature under nominal operation conditions for high-performance digital circuits. The ac performance of SOI MOSFETs is influenced as well, and in particular, a severe degradation of the cutoff frequency of very short MOSFETs is predicted by numerical electrothermal device simulations. Although the effects of SHE on device performance are found to be somewhat modest and might be mitigated through device design, they may result in a degradation of the long-term reliability.     

Modeling Electron Transport in Vertical-SOI NMOSFET by Directly Solving BTE with FEA

A numerical schemes applicable to the direct solution of Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in vertical-SOI NMOSFET are investigated by means of the finite element analysis (FEA). The solution gives the electron distribution function, electrostatic potential, carriers concentration, drift velocity, average energy and drain current by directly solving the BTE and the Poisson equation self-consistency. The result shows that the direct numerical solution of the BTE with the aid of FEA and vertical SOI NMOSFET is a promising approach for ultra short channel transistors modeling.     

SOI NMOSFET沟道热载流子的应力损伤

研究了沟道热载流子应力所引起的SOI NMOSFET的损伤．发现在中栅压应力（Vg≈Vd／2）和高栅压应力（Vg≈Vd）条件下,器件损伤表现出单一的幂律规律;而在低栅压应力（Vgs≈Vth）下,多特性的退化规律便会表现出来．同时,应力漏电压的升高、应力时间的延续都会导致退化特性的改变．这使预测SOI器件的寿命变得非常困难．     

An effective thermal circuit model for electro-thermal simulation of SOI analog circuits

A physics-based thermal circuit model is developed for electro-thermal simulation of SOI analog circuits. The circuit model integrates a non-isothermal device thermal circuit with interconnect thermal networks and is validated with high accuracy against finite element simulations in different layout structures. The non-isothermal circuit model is implemented in BSIMSOI to account for self-heating effect (SHE) in a Spice simulator, and applied to electro-thermal simulation of an SOI cascode current mirror constructed using different layouts. Effects of layout design on electric and thermal behaviors are investigated in detail. Influences of BOX thickness are also examined. It has been shown that the proposed non-isothermal approach is able to effectively account for influences of layout design, self-heating, high temperature gradients along the islands, interconnect temperature distributions, thermal coupling, and heat losses via BOX and interconnects, etc., in SOI current mirror structures. The model provides basic concepts and thermal circuits that can be extended to develop an effective model for electro-thermal simulation of SOI analog ICs.     

SiGe沟道SOI CMOS的设计及模拟

在 SOI(Silicon on Insulator)结构硅膜上面生长一层 Si Ge合金 ,采用类似 SOICMOS工艺制作成具有Si Ge沟道的 SOICMOS集成电路。该电路不仅具有 SOICMOS电路的优点 ,而且因为 Si Ge中的载流子迁移率明显高于 Si中载流子的迁移率 ,所以提高了电路的速度和驱动能力。另外由于两种极性的 SOI MOSFET都采用 Si Ge沟道 ,就避免了只有 SOIPMOSFET采用 Si Ge沟道带来的选择性生长 Si Ge层的麻烦。采用二维工艺模拟得到了器件的结构 ,并以此结构参数进行了器件模拟。模拟结果表明 ,N沟和 P沟两种 MOSFET的驱动电流都有所增加 ,PMOSFET增加得更多一些     

Improved current drivability with back-gate bias for elevated source and drain structured FD-SOI SiGe MOSFET

Fully depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET structure with back-gate bias is suggested for high speed and low power consumption for portable communication application. Ni silicide is demonstrated for improving current drivability for low power consumption by reducing series resistance in the source and drain region. Threshold voltage adjustment is also achieved through applied back-gate bias. For the formation of the buried back-gate, the selection of impurity type as well as its doping concentration is controlled. Employing back-gate bias for FD-SOI NMOSFET, improved current drivability with variable threshold voltage is achieved. Short channel devices are fabricated and its electrical characteristics are obtained under various conditions.     

Self-heating characterization and extraction method for thermal resistance and capacitance in HV MOSFETs

This letter reports on the self-heating effect (SHE) characterization of high-voltage (HV) DMOSFETs and the accurate extraction of the equivalent thermal impedance of the device (thermal resistance, R/sub TH/, and capacitance, C/sub TH/) needed for advanced device and IC simulation. A simple pulsed-gate experiment is proposed and the influence of its parameters (pulse duration and duty factor) are analyzed. It is demonstrated that in our 100 V DMOSFET, SHE is cancelled by using pulses with duration less that 2 /spl mu/s and duty factor lower that 1:100. The new extraction method exploits analytical modeling and dedicated extraction plots for thermal resistance and capacitance using the measurements of output characteristics at various applied pulses and the gradual reduction of SHE with pulse duration and duty factor. Both R/sub TH/ and C/sub TH/ are extracted in saturation region considering their dependence on SHE and external temperature. In DMOSFETs, the thermal resistance is shown to be a significant linear function of the device temperature (in our device, R/sub TH/ could increase by more than 100% over 100/spl deg/C). The thermal capacitance appears to decrease with the injected power and shows a plateau at high V/sub D/. SPICE simulations with the extracted thermal network R/sub TH/-C/sub TH/ circuit are finally used to fully validate the proposed method.     

A New Strained‐Si Channel Power MOSFET for High Performance Applications

We propose a novel power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) employing a strained‐Si channel structure to improve the current drivability and on‐resistance characteristic of the high‐voltage MOSFET. A 20 nm thick strained‐Si low field channel NMOSFET with a 0.75 µm thick Si_0.8Ge_0.2 buffer layer improved the drive current by 20% with a 25% reduction in on‐resistance compared with a conventional Si channel high‐voltage NMOSFET, while suppressing the breakdown voltage and subthreshold slope characteristic degradation by 6% and 8%, respectively. Also, the strained‐Si high‐voltage NMOSFET improved the transconductance by 28% and 52% at the linear and saturation regimes.     

Partially depleted SOI NMOSFET's with self-aligned polysilicon gateformed on the recessed channel region

A new SOI NMOSFET with a “LOCOS-like” shape self-aligned polysilicon gate formed on the recessed channel region has been fabricated by a mix-and-match technology. For the first time, we developed a new scheme for implementing self-alignment in both source/drain and gate structure in recessed channel device fabrication. Symmetric source/drain doping profile was obtained and highly symmetric electrical characteristics were observed. Drain current measured from 0.3 μm SOI devices with V_z of 0.773 V and T_ox=7.6 nm is 360 μA/μm at V_GS=3.5 V and V _DS=2.5 V. Improved breakdown characteristics were obtained and the BV_DSS (the drain voltage for 1 nA/μm of I_D at T_GS=0 V) of the device with L_eff=0.3 μm under the floating body condition was as high as 3.7 V     

ESD reliability and protection schemes in SOI CMOS output buffers

The electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection capability of SOI CMOS output buffers has been studied with Human Body Model (HBM) stresses. Experimental results show that the ESD voltage sustained by SOI CMOS buffers is only about half the voltage sustained by the bulk NMOS buffers. ESD discharge current in a SOI CMOS buffer is found to be absorbed by the NMOSFET alone. Also, SOI circuits display more serious reliability problem in handling negative ESD discharge current during bi-directional stresses. Most of the methods developed for bulk technology to improve ESD performance have minimal effects on SOI. A new Through Oxide Buffer ESD protection scheme is proposed as an alternative for SOI ESD protection. In order to improve ESD reliability, ESD protection circuitries can be fabricated on the SOI substrate instead of the top silicon thin film, after selectively etching through the buried oxide. This scheme also allows ESD protection strategies developed for bulk technology to be directly transferred to SOI substrate.<>     

超深亚微米部分耗尽SOI NMOSFET关态应力下前栅和背栅晶体管损伤研究

The hot-carrier effect charactenstic in a deep submicron partially depleted SOI NMOSFET is investigated. Obvious hot-carrier degradation is observed under off-state stress.The hot-carrier damage is supposed to be induced by the parasitic bipolar effects of a float SOI device.The back channel also suffers degradation from the hot carrier in the drain depletion region as well as the front channel.At low gate voltage,there is a hump in the sub-threshold curve of the back gate transistor,and it does not shift in the same way as the main transistor under stress.While under the same condition,there is a more severe hot-carrier effect with a shorter channel transistor. The reasons for those phenomena are discussed in detail.     

0.5μm部分耗尽SOI MOSFET中的寄生双极效应

0.5μm部分耗尽SOI MOSFET的寄生双极效应严重影响了SOI器件和电路的抗单粒子和抗瞬态γ辐射能力。文中显示,影响0.5μm部分耗尽SOI NMOSFET寄生的双极器件特性的因素很多,包括NMOSFET的栅上电压、漏端电压和体接触等,尤其以体接触最为关键。在器件处于浮体状态时,0.5μm SOI NMOSFET的寄生双极器件很容易被触发,导致单管闭锁。因此,在设计抗辐射SOI电路时,需要尽量降低SOI NMOSFET寄生双极效应,以提高电路的抗单粒子和抗瞬态γ辐射能力。     

采用局域注氧技术制备的新型DSOI场效应晶体管的热特性

通过局域注氧工艺,在同一管芯上制作了DSOI、体硅和SOI三种结构的器件.通过测量和模拟比较了这三种结构器件的热特性.模拟和测量的结果证明DSOI器件与SOI器件相比,具有衬底热阻较低的优点,因而DSOI器件在保持SOI器件电学特性优势的同时消除了SOI器件严重的自热效应.DSOI器件的衬底热阻和体硅器件非常接近,并且在进入到深亚微米领域以后能够继续保持这一优势.     

A novel nanoscale SOI MOSFET with Si embedded layer as an effective heat sink

A novel structure such as nanoscale silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET with silicon embedded layer (SEL-SOI) is proposed to reduce self-heating effects (SHEs) successfully. The SEL as a useful heat sink with high thermal conductivity is inserted inside the buried oxide. The SEL acts like a heat sink and is therefore easily able to distribute the lattice heat throughout the device. We noticed excellent improvement in the thermal performance of the device using two-dimensional and two-carrier device simulation. Our simulation results show that SHE has been dramatically reduced in the proposed structure. In regard to the simulated results, the SEL-SOI structure has shown good performance in comparison with the conventional SOI (C-SOI) structure when utilised in the high temperature applications.     

Electrothermomechanical analysis of partially insulated field-effect transistors using hybrid nonlinear finite element method

Using the hybrid nonlinear finite element method (FEM), electrothermomechanical analysis of partially insulated field-effect transistors (PiFETs) is performed in this paper, with their temperature-dependent material parameters treated rigorously. Two types of PiFETs, namely partially insulating oxides (PiOX) under the drain/source (PUSD) and channel (PUC), are studied and compared. The impact of self-heating effect (SHE) on their I-V characteristic, current degradation, temperature and thermal stress distribution are investigated, with some comparisons also made among normal MOSFET, PUSD PiFET, PUC PiFET and SOI FET. The influences of PiOX length, PiOX thickness, and electrode material on their maximum temperature and thermal stress are predicted, which can provide some pragmatic criterion for the development of PiFETs with good reliability.     

Physical origin of negative differential resistance in SOI transistors

From a two-dimensional solution of Laplace's equation it is shown that a significant increase in temperature occurs in the channel of SOI transistors due to the relatively poor thermal conductivity of the buried insulator. Based on this simulation an equation is derived which predicts that at small channel lengths the pinchoff point is shifted, an effect which is consistent with experimental observations. In addition, the positive 'kink' is reduced with the negative differential resistance, can be explained by a temperature increase in the channel.<>