V2O5/CNFs/蜂窝状堇青石催化剂的结构控制及其烟气脱硝性能

采用化学气相沉积法,在涂层Al2O3的蜂窝状堇青石表面生长纳米碳纤维(CNFs),通过负载V2O5催化剂,制成低温蜂窝状脱硝催化剂.采用SEM、TEM、XRD和XPS等分析方法,对所制催化剂的物化性质及其脱硝性能进行了分析.研究结果表明,当CNFs在堇青石表面的生长厚度为0.74μm时,所制CNFs/堇青石载体的压缩强度达34.46 MPa;在150~250℃范围内,V2O5/CNFs/蜂窝状堇青石催化剂表现出较高的低温脱除NO活性,其中当CNFs的生长量为12.5%、V2O5担载量为1%时,在250℃下NO的转化率达95%左右.     

Al2O3陶瓷制备及性能分析

以纯Al2O3粉、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、Y(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,于1500℃、1600℃和1700℃常压制备了高纯Al2O3陶瓷,研究了烧结温度和烧结助剂的含量对Al2 O3陶瓷密度、硬度及微观结构的影响.结果表明,添加剂的作用受烧结温度的影响较大,进而影响了烧结体的硬度.     

微波烧结Al2O3/SiC纳米复合陶瓷的研究

以分析纯Al(NO3)3.9H2O·NH3.H2O和50 nm的SiC粉体为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备干凝胶,经热处理合成Al2O3/SiC纳米复合粉体。利用微波烧结制备Al2O3/SiC纳米复合陶瓷,并与常规烧结比较,分析了两种烧结方法对制备试样的力学性能影响。结果表明,与常规烧结相比,微波烧结可以提高Al2O3/SiC纳米复合陶瓷的强度和韧性,改善材料的显微结构,促进致密化和晶粒生长。     

麦饭石基铝系远红外基元材料的制备及应用

将天然麦饭石与Al2O3、MgO、Ti O2、ZrO2进行混合烧结,通过XRD、IR、红外热效应、红外辐射检测等测试,结果表明,Al2O3-MgO-Ti O2-ZrO2系远红外材料在麦饭石的加入后烧结,有堇青石的生成,所显示的衍射峰分别对应于六方结构堇青石的(112)、(202)、(211)特征峰,(100)晶面衍射峰为堇青石的最强峰;所制基元材料红外热效应明显,A7、MA7 10min的温升分别能够达48.2、51.3℃;红外辐射率分别为0.83、0.86。将制备的远红外基元材料加入到涂料中,涂料红外发射率为0.85。     

优化凝胶燃烧法合成YAG粉体的工艺参数

以Y(NO3)3·6H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O、硝酸铵和柠檬酸为原料,采用凝胶燃烧法合成YAG粉体。采用XRD、SEM、激光粒度仪测试手段对YAG粉体进行表征。通过正交实验对凝胶燃烧法合成YAG粉体的主要工艺参数进行了优化,得出在现有条件下的最佳工艺参数为T=270℃,pH=2,CA/M=7/6,N/CA=2/4。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备堇青石粉体的研究

以正硅酸乙脂(TEOS)、硝酸铝(Al(NO_3)_3·9H_2O)和硝酸镁(Mg(NO_3)_2·6H_2O)为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,尿素为沉淀剂,硝酸为催化剂,制备了乳白色透明的堇青石凝胶,经不同温度热处理得到粉体。采用XRD、SEM、IR对样品进行测试。结果表明,采用溶胶-凝胶法,在m(硝酸镁):m(硝酸铝):m(TEOS)=1:2.93:2.03、pH=2、热处理温度为1250℃时制备出α-堇青石粉体。     

YSZ包覆YDC纳米晶复合固体电解质的制备

研究了YSZ包覆YDC纳米晶复合固体电解质的制备工艺.首先,以分析纯的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和Y(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,采用沉淀法制备了分散性较好的YDC纳米粉体,然后将其均匀分散于含有分析纯的ZrOCl2·8H2O、Y(NO3)3·6H2O的醇水溶液中,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了ZrO2(Y2O3)包覆CeO2(Y2O3)复合纳米粉体.XRD、TEM、IR分析结果表明经600℃焙烧后的CeO2-Y2O3复合纳米粉体为单一萤石相,晶粒尺寸为15nm左右且分散性良好;成功合成了的YSZ包覆YDC复合纳米粉体,其中反应温度在75℃时粉体的包覆性及其分散性较好.以合成的包覆型纳米粉体为原料,通过常压烧结制备了包覆型YSZ/YDC复合固体电解质.研究表明,在相同保温时间内(2h),随着烧结温度从800℃提高到1350℃,试样相对密度从52%迅速增加95%以上.当烧结条件为从室温升温到1300℃,迅速降温到1250℃保温2h后,烧结体的相对密度可达95%以上,平均晶粒度为100nm左右.     

纳米LaAlO3粉体的制备与烧结

对共沉淀法制备纳米LaAlO3粉体及烧结进行了初步研究．采用La(NO3)3与Al(NO3)3为原料，控制pH=9左右，在室温下完成共沉淀，前驱体经800℃／2h的条件下煅烧后可获得纳米LaAlO3粉体，粉体颗粒约50nm．无压烧结的结果表明，这种纳米LaAl03粉体的烧结性能较好，通过选择适当的条件，在1500℃下烧结可获得密度达6．2g／cm^3的LaAlO3材料．     

层状锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的共沉淀法合成

以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O,Co(NO3)2·6H2O,Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O,LiOH·H2O为原料,采用NaOH-Na2CO3共沉淀的方法,在空气中合成了三元层状锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2.采用XRD研究了所合成材料的结构.考查了不同烧结温度对材料电化学性能的影响.结果表明,所合成的材料具有典型的α-NaFeO2层状结构特征,900℃下合成的材料具有最优的循环性能,初始放电容量为169.4mAh/g,初次库仑效率为83.2%,且20次循环后,容量保持率达到96.3%.     

复合溶胶-凝胶法制备锆酸钐涂层的工艺研究

以ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O,Sm2 O3为原料,柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O)为整合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺分别制备了Sm2 Zr2O7前驱体溶胶和Sm2Zr2O7粉体,将两者按比例球磨混合制备复合浆料;在ZrB2/SiC基体上铺Al2O3粉高温处理制备过渡层.采用浸渍提拉法在含过渡层的ZrB2/SiC基体上制备出了Sm2Zr2O7涂层.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了Sm2Zr2O7粉体的物相,用场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对粉体、过渡层及涂层的微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明:1150℃保温2h可以制备出具有单一焦绿石结构的Sm2 Zr2O7粉体;采用烧结制度为0～1100℃,8℃/min,1100～1550℃,4℃/min,可以制备出平整均匀的Al2O3过渡层;前驱体Zr离子浓度为1.87mol/L,固含量为45％时,经三次浸涂可以制备出完整的Sm2Zr2O7涂层.     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.     

Core-current-enhanced domain-wall pinning in nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon

We have studied the influence of surface fields H/sub p/ (generated by either direct or alternating core current) on soft magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon. While in an amorphous ribbon the coercive field H/sub c/ decreases with H/sub p/, in the same optimally annealed ribbon (H/sub c/=1.3 A/m, M/sub m//spl ap/M/sub s/) H/sub c/ increases with H/sub p/ for all the explored types of H/sub p/ (static and dynamic with different phases with respect to that of the magnetizing field H). The unexpected increase of H/sub c/ in nanocrystalline ribbon is associated with the influence of H/sub p/ on the surface and main (inner) domain structure. Here, we develop a model that takes into account this influence and explains the experimental results.