Effect of carbon fibre on properties of TiB2/C composite cathode coating for aluminum electrolysis

The tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity of TiB2/C composite cathode coating were measured with a hydraulic pressure universal test machine and an electrical resistivity test device, and the effects of carbon fibre content and carbon fibre length on tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity were investigated. The results show that the tensile strength of coating increases at the beginning and then reduces with the increase of carbon fibre content when the carbon fibre (length of 3 mm) content ranges from 0 to 4.0%; at the carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the tensile strength of coating reaches the maximum, 25.6 MPa. For the coating with carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the carbon fibre length has a great influence on tensile strength and compressive strength of coating; when the carbon fibre length is 6 mm, the tensile strength and compressive strength of coating reach the maximum, 27.6 MPa and 39.2 MPa, respectively. The electrical resistivity of coating reduces with the rise of temperature and the length of carbon fibre, and the influence of carbon fibre length on electrical resistivity of coating at low temperature (30-200℃) is more obvious than that at high temperature (960℃).     

Electrical resistivity of TiB2/C composite cathode coating for aluminum electrolysis

1INTRODUCTIONThere are many disadvantages in the presentHall-Heroult electrolytic process[1],such as highenergy consumption,low unit productivity and se-rious environmental pollution and so on,especiallythe high energy consumption of per ton alumin-ium,which ranges from13MW·h to15MW·h,and the energy efficiency is less than50%[2].Therefore,low-energy consumption aluminumre-duction cell has been a research focus for interna-tional aluminum companies and institutes.Thedrained cathode cel…     

温度对聚丙烯纤维砂浆及测强曲线的影响

目的研究温度对聚丙烯纤维砂浆及测强曲线的影响,为以后工程防火加固选用砂胶比提供依据,从而达到降低成本的目的．方法通过测试不同胶砂质量比的聚丙烯纤维砂浆的初始流动度、终凝时间、抗压强度和抗折强度,研究不同温度下不同碳纤维掺量的聚丙烯纤维砂浆的耐高温性能．结果当碳纤维体积分数为0．3％、胶砂质量比为1．5时,聚丙烯纤维砂浆流动度大于320mm,终凝时间60min左右,28d抗压强度大于80MPa,1000℃高温燃烧后,残余50％以上强度,各龄期的测强曲线与实测强度有较好的拟合关系．结论采用普通硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、石膏三元体系,通过添加碳纤维、偏高岭土掺合料及多种化学添加剂,可满足工程实际需要,并且具有良好的经济性．     

Effects of Ag on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2519 aluminum alloy

The effects of Ag on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2519 aluminum alloy were investigated by means of tensile test, micro-hardness test, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the addition of 0.3 % （mass fraction） Ag accelerates 2519 aluminum alloy＇s age-hardening, increases its peak hardness and reduces 4 h of peak aged time at 180 ℃. The addition of 0. 3% （mass fraction） Ag increses the tensile strength at room temperature and elevated temperature. This increment at room temperature and 200 ℃ is 24 MPa and 78 MPa, respectively. In contrast, the elongation of 2519 aluminum alloy is decreased with Ag addition. The increase of tensile strength of 2519 aluminum alloy with Ag addition is attributed to the high volume fraction of Ω phase.     

温度和湿态处理对酚醛/玻纤复合材料抗拉强度的影响

为确定新研制的酚醛/玻纤复合材料的抗拉强度是否满足设计及使用要求,研究了酚醛/玻纤复合材料在-55℃、20℃干态/湿态、71℃干态/湿态和93℃干态/湿态的经向拉伸性能,讨论了不同温度以及湿态处理对酚醛/玻纤复合材料拉伸强度的影响规律,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了试件断口的显微结构和断裂形态.研究结果表明:随着温度的升高,酚醛/玻纤层合板的抗拉强度总体呈现下降的趋势.干态条件下,20℃状态的抗拉强度比-55℃状态下的降低了129.9MPa,即降低了24.26%;71℃状态下的抗拉强度比20℃状态下降低了50MPa,即降低了12.33%;93℃状态下的抗拉强度比71℃状态下降低了62MPa,即降低了20.33%.湿态条件下,71℃状态下的抗拉强度比20℃状态下降低了72.3MPa,即降低了29.19%;93℃状态下的抗拉强度比71℃状态下降低了72MPa,即降低了26.57%.在同一温度下,湿态状态下试样的抗拉强度比干态状态下的明显降低.20℃状态下,湿态比干态降低了69.67MPa,即降低了17.18%;71℃状态下,湿态比干态降低了117.7MPa,即降低了33.11%;93℃状态下,湿态比干态降低了111.6MPa,即降低了39.41%.     

Early age compressive strength of pastes by electrical resistivity method and maturity method

The compressive strength development of Portland cement pastes was investigated by the electrical resistivity method and the maturity method. The experiments were carried out on the cement pastes with different water-cement ratios at different curing temperatures. The results show that the application of the maturity method has limitation to obtain the strength. It is found that both of the compressive strength and the electrical resistivity follow hyperbolic trend for all the mixes. The hyperbolic equation of each mix is obtained to estimate the ultimate resistivity value which can probably be reached. The relationship between electrical resistivity and compressive strength of the cement pastes is established based on the test results and interpreted by the empirical Archie equation and a strength-porosity equation. The relationship between the electrical resistivity after temperature correction and the compressive strength was linear and independent of curing temperature and water-cement ratio.     

水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝体系的早期水化性能

为了研究粉煤灰掺量和温度对水泥水化的影响,测试了粉煤灰掺量0～60%的水泥-粉煤灰水化体系,在温度20、24和28 ℃下的凝结时间及2d内的电阻率发展及抗压强度,发现凝结时间与电阻率发展速率曲线的第一峰值点对应时间遵循线性关系. 在同一温度下,2d的抗压强度和电阻率值显示出良好的正相关线性关系——温度越高,斜率越小,表明电阻率比强度对温度变化更加敏感. 扫描电镜结果论证了粉煤灰在2d内尚未参与水化反应,主要起填充和稀释作用. 因此,可借助电测法估算和预测变温条件下水泥-粉煤灰水化体系的抗压强度及凝结时间.     

Effect of baking processes on properties of TiB2/C composite cathode material

Pitch and TiB₂/C green composite cathode material were respectively analyzed with simultaneous DSC-TGA, and effects of three baking processes of TiB₂/C composite cathode material, i.e. K25, K5 and M5, on properties of TiB₂/C composite cathode material were investigated. The results show that thermogravimetric behavior of pitch and TiB₂/C green composite cathode is similar, and appears the largest mass loss rate in the temperature range from 200 to 600°C. The bulk density variation of sample K5 before and after baking is the largest (11.9%), that of sample K25 is the second, and that of sample M5 is the smallest (6.7%). The crushing strength of sample M5 is the biggest (51.2 MPa), that of sample K25 is the next, and that of sample K5 is the smallest (32.8 MPa). But, the orders of the electrical resistivity and electrolysis expansion of samples are just opposite with the order of crushing strength. The heating rate has a great impact on the microstructure of sample. The faster the heating rate is, the bigger the pore size and porosity of sample are. Compared with the heating rate between 200 and 600° of samples K25 and K5, that of sample M5 is slower and suitable for baking process of TiB₂/C composite cathode material. Foundation item: Project (2005CB623703) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project (2008AA030502) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

Preparation and properties of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni／NiFe2O4 cermet

4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe₂O₄ cermets were prepared by doping NiFe₂O₄ ceramic matrix with the mixed powders of Cu and Ni or Cu-Ni alloy powder as the electrical conducting metallic elements. The effects of technological parameters, such as the adding modes of metallic elements, the ball milling time, the sintering time and the sintering temperature, on the relative density and resistivity of the cermets were studied. The results show that the resistivity of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe₂O₄ cermets decreases with increasing temperature, and has a turning point at 590 °C, which is similar to that of NiFe₂O₄ ceramic. The sintering temperature and adding modes of metallic elements have a great influence on the properties of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe₂O₄ cermets. When the sintering temperature increases from 1200 °C to 1300 °C, the relative density increases from 89.86% to 95.33%, and the resistivity at 960 °C decreases from 0.11 Ω · cm to 0.03 Ω · cm, respectively. When the metallic elements are added with the mixed powders of Cu and Ni, the cermets of finely and uniformly dispersed metallic phase, high density and electric conductivity are obtained. The relative density and resistivity at 960 °C are 90.23% and 0.04 Ω · cm respectively for the cermet samples sintered at 1200 °C for 2 h, which are both better than those of the cermets prepared under the same technique conditions but with the metallic elements added as 85Cu-15Ni alloy powders. Foundation item: Project (G1999064903) supported by the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China; project(2001AA335013) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China; project (50204014) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

铸态硅酸铝短纤维／ZL109复合材料性能的实验研究

比较了铸态硅酸铝短纤维／ＺＬ１０９复合材料与ＺＬ１０９合金的机械性能,磨损性能及摩擦性能．结果表明,由于硅酸铝短纤维的加入,使抗拉强度提高４５％到１倍以上,抗压强度提高５０％到１倍以上,磨损性能提高,摩擦系数下降,且随着纤维含量的增加,复合材料的性能也随着提高．     

Mechanical Properties of Phenolic-Resin Composites Reinforced with CF/BF Interlayer Hybrid Fibers

Phenolic-resin composites reinforced with carbon fiber (CF) and basalt fiber (BF) interlayer hybrid fibers plain fabric were fabricated. The tensile strength, compressive strength and interlaminar shear strength of the prepared composites were studied. The results indicated that hybrid fibers reinforced composites possessed the advantages of both CF and BF. When resin content was 35% by volume fraction, the comprehensive mechanical performance of BF/CF reinforced phenolic resin composites reached the optimal values with the warp and weft direction tensile strength, compressive strength and interlayer shear strength being 252 MPa and 487 MPa, 105 MPa and 129 MPa, 21 MPa and 20 MPa, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed that the BF/CF hybrid fibers reinforced composites had better interfacial adhesion.     

Fabrication of high strength carbon nanotube/7055Al composite by powder metallurgy combined with subsequent hot extrusion

Bimodal carbon nanotube reinforced 7055Al(CNT/7055Al) composites containing coarse grain bands and ultra-fine grain zones were fabricated by high energy ball milling, vacuum hot pressing followed by hot extrusion. The effect of extrusion temperature varied from 320℃ to 420℃ on the microstructure evolution and tensile properties were investigated. Microstructure observation indicates that the elongated coarse grain bands aligned along the extrusion direction after extrusion. The width of the coarse grain bands increased, and the length of the coarse grain bands increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of extrusion temperature. The grain size of the ultra-fine grain zones changed little after hot extrusion, but the ultra-fine grains coarsened after subsequent heat treatment, especially for the composite extruded at low temperature of 320℃. By observing the CNT distribution, it was found that the higher temperature extrusion was beneficial to the CNT orientation along the extrusion direction.Furthermore, a precipitated free zone formed at the boundary between the coarse grain band and the ultra-fine grain zone as the composite extruded at high temperature of 420℃. As the result of the comprehensive influence of the above microstructure, the tensile strength of the composite extruded at moderate temperature of 370℃ reached the highest of 826 MPa.     

Structural characteristics and properties of polyurethane modified TDE-85/MeTHPA epoxy resin with interpenetrating polymer networks

Diglycidyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate（TDE-85）/methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride （MeTHPA） epoxy resin was modified with polyurethane（PU） and the interpenetrating polymer networks（IPNs） of PU-modified TDE-85/MeTHPA resin were prepared. The structural characteristics and properties of PU-modified TDE-85/MeTHPA resin were investigated by Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectrum,emission scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and thermogravimetry（TG）. The results indicate that epoxy polymer network （Ⅰ） and polyurethane polymer network （Ⅱ） of the modified resin can be obtained and the networks （Ⅰ） and （Ⅱ） interpenetrate and tangle highly each other at the phase interface. The micro morphology presents heterogeneous structure. The integrative properties of PU-modified TDE-85/MeTHPA epoxy resin are improved obviously. The PU-modified TDE-85/ MeTHPA resin’s tensile strength reaches 69.39 MPa,the impact strength reaches 23.56 kJ/m,the temperature for the system to lose 1% mass （t1%） is 300 ℃,and that for the system to lose 50% mass （t50%） is 378 ℃. Compared with those of TDE-85/MeTHPA resin,the tensile strength,impact strength,t1% and t50% of the PU-modified resin increases by 48%,115%,30 ℃,11 ℃,respectively. The PU-modified TDE-85/MeTHPA resin has the structure characteristics and properties of interpenetrating polymer networks.     

再生粗骨料最大粒径对再生混凝土强度影响试验研究

为了研究再生粗骨料最大粒径对再生混凝土弯拉强度、抗压强度及折压比的影响程度，采用相同配合比下最大粒径为10、15、25和31 mm的再生粗骨料制备了4组再生混凝土棱柱体试件（100 mm×100 mm×400 mm）和4组立方体试件（100 mm×100 mm×100 mm），并通过试验获得了各组再生混凝土试块的弯拉强度和抗压强度。试验结果表明：相同水胶比下，再生混凝土弯拉强度及折压比均随再生粗骨料最大粒径的增大而减小，而抗压强度随再生粗骨料最大粒径的增大呈现出先增大而后减小的趋势。     

超高性能轻质混凝土的循环拉伸力学性能

超高性能轻质混凝土(ultra-high performance lightweight concrete,UHPLC)是一种具有高拉压比和拉伸应变强化特性的轻质水泥基材料.为了阐述UHPLC与钢筋在钢筋屈服点之前的协同受拉机制,针对一种密度为1789 kg/m3、抗压强度为63.1 MPa、极限拉伸应变约为2.4×1...     

聚丙烯纤维超高强石渣混凝土的力学性能研究

低碳聚丙烯纤维超高强石渣混凝土是利用地方原材料自主研发的强度高达134．9MPa、水泥消耗量低至350kgm-3且具有优异抗火性能的新型环境友好型混凝土。文章进行了11组立方体试件和8组棱柱体试件的抗压试验、9组劈拉试验和8组抗折试验,初步研究了聚丙烯纤维超高强石渣混凝土的力学性能。试验结果表明,在试验参数范围内,聚丙烯纤维超高强石渣混凝土与超高强石渣混凝土的力学特性有其相似之处,也有其自身的特点：在受压变形过程中,泊桑比几乎保持不变,由于聚丙烯纤维的阻裂效应,泊桑比小于超高强石渣混凝土,为0．244;拉压比在1／10．3—1／17．8之间;折压比为1／9．9—1／15．5;变形模量与超高强石渣混凝土相近,在14461MPa-16339MPa之间,小于超高强混凝土数值。     

碳纤维增强混凝土力学性能试验分析

文章主要研究碳纤维增强水泥基材料的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度与碳纤维掺量的关系,试验得出随着碳纤维掺量的增加,复合材料的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度都会有不同程度的提高,当碳纤维掺量达到0.6%时抗压强度最大,当碳纤维掺量达到0.8%时劈裂抗拉强度最大。     

Effect of metallic content on mechanical property of Ni/（10NiO-NiFe2O4 ） cermets

1 INTRODUCTIONThe use of inert or non-consumable anodes forreplacement of consumable carbon anodes in Hall-H啨roult electrolysis cells for the production of alu-minum has been a technical and commercial goalfor many decades .In the present process ,consumable carbon an-odes are used,andthe anode product is CO2. Withaninert anode ,the cell reaction will be :Al2O3=2Al +23O2(1)The basic requirements for aninert anode are :1) to exhibit a lowcorrosion rate in the high tem-perature melts an…     

Influence of the aggregate volume on the electrical resistivity and properties of portland cement concretes

The electrical resistivity of concretes with various aggregate volume fractions (V _a) of 0%–70% at water/cement (W/C) ratios of 0.4 and 0.5 during 1 day was monitored. It is found that the addition of normal aggregate to cement paste leads to a regular increase in concrete resistivity at each hydration stage and the electrical resistivity has a deeper increase for the lower W/C at a fixed aggregate volume fraction. The number of normalized resistivity (NR) of concrete to its paste matrix was introduced, which is only a function of aggregate volume fraction (V _a). The quantitative relationships give an alternative method for the prediction of aggregate volume in the concrete. A logarithmic relation is established between the elastic modulus of concrete at 7 days or 28 days and the electrical resistivity of concrete at 1 day. The equations are obtained, the compressive strength of concrete at 7 days or 28 days can be determined by the electrical resistivity of concrete at 1 day and the used aggregate content in the concrete. The quantitative relationships give a non-destructive test (NDT) method for prediction of concrete elastic modulus and compressive strength.     

刺槐豆胶改良黏土强度抗压抗拉力学特性试验研究

为了研究刺槐豆胶改良黏土强度的效果,对不同养护龄期、刺槐豆胶掺量的改良黏土分别进行无侧限抗压强度试验以及抗拉试验研究。结果表明:刺槐豆胶的掺入可以显著改善黏土的抗压和抗拉性能。当养护龄期一定时,随着刺槐豆胶掺量的增加,改良黏土的抗压和抗拉强度均呈增长趋势,通过对比可知,刺槐豆胶的最优掺量为2%,试样的抗压和抗拉强度的最大值分别提升至425.74及234.61 kPa,与素土相比均提高约1.8倍;当刺槐豆胶掺量一定时,养护龄期对改良黏土的抗压、抗拉强度也有一定的影响。在刺槐豆胶掺量相同的条件下,养护龄期为7 d时,试样抗压、抗拉强度提升量最大,最大提升量分别为68.12 和34.39 kPa。刺槐豆胶在土体表层形成一层胶质薄膜,并利用自身延展性填充土颗粒间孔隙,改善了土体的粒间结构,增强土体的稳定性,从而提升黏土的强度特性。随着养护龄期的增加,胶质薄膜逐渐收缩,使土体颗粒排列更加紧密,进而提高改良黏土体的无侧限抗压强度及抗拉强度。