活细胞传感仪在嗜酸乳酸杆菌培养过程中的应用

活细胞是嗜酸乳酸杆菌发酵过程的目标产物,但长期以来一直缺乏一种能快速、准确地检测发酵液中活细胞量的方法,本文引入了一种基于电容原理的活细胞量测量新方法,探讨了其在嗜酸乳杆菌培养过程中在线应用的可行性。研究结果表明,活细胞传感仪测定的活细胞数与平板活菌计数法测定的菌体浓度有非常好的线性关系,相关系数达0.9944,在相同的实验条件下,仪器测定数据具有较好的重复性,基于电容值计算出的比生长速率比基于CER、OUR计算出的比生长速率更可信。因此活细胞传感仪为嗜酸乳杆菌培养过程在线监测提供了一种简便、精确的方法。     

Identification of anatoxins in blue-green algae food supplements using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in tablets and capsules, which are marketed as health food supplements, were investigated for the presence of neurotoxins related to anatoxin-a. These neurotoxins, which are nicotinic agonists, were investigated using isocratic micro-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (micro-LC-MS-MS). The investigated compounds were anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a, together with their degradation products, dihydroanatoxin-a, epoxyanatoxin-a, dihydrohomoanatoxin-a and epoxyhomoanatoxin-a which were synthesized from the parent toxins. The analytes were extracted with methanol followed by isocratic chromatography on a micro C₁₈     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定蓝藻中的微囊藻毒素

微囊藻毒素是由淡水蓝绿藻产生的一类最常见的环七肽缩肝毒素,对动物及人类健康具有较大的危害性。本文以实验室培养铜绿微囊藻为原料,建立了固相萃取富集微囊藻毒素,液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱测定藻样中的微囊藻毒素MC-LR的方法。该法绝对检出限为25pg,回收率为70%以上,方法灵敏度高,实用性强。在此方法的基础上,对实际藻样中的微囊藻毒素进行了定性分析。结果表明,该藻样含有MC-RR及可能为[Dha]-MC-HtyR、MC-YR、[D-Asp3]-MC-HtyR或[D-Asp3,Dhb7]-MC-HtyR的单体。     

梅鹿辄优质高效栽培技术

我公司自1998年4月上旬定植优质酿酒葡萄梅鹿辄,至2002年已有5个年头,通过广大技术人员的不断探索总结及广大种植户的积极配合,摸索出一套良种良法优质高效栽培技术规范措施,现介绍如下。1 高标准建园1.1 园地选择以砾质红壤地最好,红壤,黄壤次之,在微酸性土壤(pH6～7)上生长最好,pH4.8～8之间也能生长。优选缓坡地(坡度在5～15度最好)、南坡、西南坡,丘陵低平山地的北坡也可以,但避免在高的阴坡、沟底局部低洼地段建园,以免晚霜危害。1.2 行向、株行距及架式的确定行向:平坝、地改田,一般采用南北行向;缓坡地、小丘陵一般采用与等高线…     

京亚葡萄大粒无核栽培技术

京亚葡萄在自然情况下,坐果率较低,果穗较小,穗形稀疏,果粒大小不整齐,外观不美,商品性较差,严重影响了其栽培效益.作者自1998年开始进行京亚等葡萄品种的大粒无核化栽培试验,结果表明:采用无核化栽培技术可使京亚葡萄的无核果率达97%以上,成熟期提前7天左右,坐果率提高1倍以上,平均果粒重6.0g左右,且大小均匀,果穗重500g左右,可溶性固形物含量14%～15%,果实硬度增强,口感较脆,2001～2004年市场批发价为3.0元/kg,有核果实为1.6～2.0元/kg,每667 m2可增值1000～1500元.其栽培技术要点如下.     

The food security challenge of the food-land-water nexus in India

Two of the key factors that drive agricultural growth and food production in India are access to arable land and utilizable water resources. These are examined with particular reference to their regional variation in order to make an assessment of the magnitude of the food security challenge they pose for the country. Recent official estimates of groundwater exploitation in India are compared with actual negative physical, social and economic consequences of over-exploitation, as are evident in different regions, and their implications for national food security discussed. The analyses show that the real food security and water management challenge lies in the mismatch between water availability and agricultural water demand: high demands occur in water scarce but agriculturally prosperous regions and low demands in naturally water-abundant but agriculturally backward regions. Serious groundwater depletion problems, which occur in the naturally water-scarce but surplus food-producing regions, magnify the challenge. The small area of arable land per capita is a major reason for low agricultural water demand in regions that have abundant water. Sustainability of well irrigation in the naturally water-scarce regions, which is the backbone of India??s food security, could be achieved through judicious investment in surface water projects which encourage direct irrigation and replenishment of over-exploited aquifers. Other strategies include: pro rata pricing of electricity in the farm sector; volumetric pricing of water from public irrigation systems; improving the efficiency of utilization of green water or the rainwater held in the soil profile; preventing depletion of the residual soil moisture in the field after crop harvest by reducing the fallow period; and reducing the use of water through a shift to low water consuming crops     

海藻悬浮饮料的研制

以海藻粉为原料,通过一系列工序加工成一种新型的悬浮饮料.结果表明采用瞬时灭菌对饮料的加工更有利,同时确定了添加剂的加入方法.     

藻油的微胶囊化

以大豆分离蛋白和麦芽糊精为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法对藻油进行微胶囊包埋。通过单因素实验考察不同配方和工艺参数,采用正交实验设计优化各因素,得到包埋的最优工艺为:大豆分离蛋白与麦芽糊精比例1∶2,固形物含量15%,芯壁比1∶2,单硬脂酸甘油酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯(3∶7)用量为3%,喷雾干燥进风温度170℃,出风温度70℃,均质压力45 MPa,微胶囊包埋效率可达92.8%。在最佳工艺条件下获得的藻油微胶囊产品感官品质较好,在保持低水分含量的同时兼具良好的溶解性和氧化稳定性。     

加强实践教学 培养创新人才

在实践教学中,围绕中药资源与开发专业人才的培养,讨论了实验教学、毕业设计、实习和实训基地建设、大学生社会实践活动及大学生科学研究在培养创新人才过程的作用和意义。     

复合填充植被培育纺织品的开发

立足于可降解填充基质与三维机织物的结合构成植被培育纺织品,重点探讨了用于填充的三维立体织物基布的工艺参数设计,并对填充基质的性能进行了比较选配。     

Kinetics and uptake mechanisms for monomethylmercury between freshwater algae and water

Uptake kinetics of monomethylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) were measured for two species of green algae (Selenastrum capricomutum and Cosmarium botrytis), one blue-green algae (Schizothrix calcicola), and one diatom (Thalassiosira weissflogii), algal species that are commonly found in natural surface waters. Species differences were found with the two green algae giving the highest uptake rates, and one of them (Cosmarium) showing differences between cultures having widely different cell age (exponential versus stationary), where increases in uptake rate for cells 30 days old were about 25 times greater than cells only 3 days old when weights of cells were considered. Both Schizothrix and Thalassiosira exhibited nearly the same lower uptake rates, approximately 20 times lower than the two green algal species. Experiments with photosystem inhibitors, uncouplers, gamma-radiation, light deprivation, and extended range uptake all point to an active transport mechanism for MeHgCl.     

金丝海藻营养成分的分析

采用比色法、重量法和索氏提取法定量分析金丝海藻营养成分含量,结果表明,金丝海藻可溶性糖含量为11.90%,脂肪含量为0.87%,粗蛋白含量为18.47%,纤维素含量为62.66%;维生素含量为11.85μg/g。     

绿藻硫酸鼠李聚糖酶性质研究

以绿藻硫酸鼠李聚糖为碳源,从青岛海域中筛选到1株可分泌绿藻硫酸鼠李聚糖酶的菌株SC127,通过硫酸铵沉淀、Q-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析和Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析等方法对其所产酶进行了分离纯化,并对纯化后的硫酸鼠李聚糖酶性质作了初步研究。研究结果显示:SC127菌株属于假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas),所产硫酸鼠李聚糖酶经分离纯化后由SDS-PAGE电泳检验呈单一条带,测得其分子质量为110.6 k Da,此酶最适温度为38℃,最适p H为8,且适用于较广的温度与p H范围。对酶解产物分析表明:该硫酸鼠李聚糖酶可降解硫酸鼠李聚糖得到以聚合度4为主的硫酸鼠李寡糖。     

球等鞭金藻海藻油的提取工艺

以乙醚/石油醚为溶剂提取球等鞭金藻海藻油。以料液比、乙醚/石油醚体积比、提取温度和提取时间为影响因素,海藻油得率为考察指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验,确定的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶15,乙醚/石油醚体积比1∶2,提取温度20℃,提取时间5 h;在此条件下,球等鞭金藻海藻油得率为(40.8±1.1)%。