(-)-1R,2S,5R-8-(4-甲氧基甲基苯)薄荷醇的合成表征

以R-( )-长叶薄荷酮为起始原料,经1,4-加成、还原两步反应合成了手性辅助试剂(-)-1R,2S,5R-8-(4-甲氧基甲基苯)薄荷醇及其反向异构体( )-1S,2S,5R-8-(4-甲氧基甲基苯)薄荷醇,总产率88%.其结构用 1HNMR和 13CNMR进行了表征.     

R-（＋）-2-（4-羟基苯氧基）丙酸离解常数的测定

R-( )-2-(4-羟基苯氧基)丙酸(HPPA)是合成除草剂炔草酯的重要中间体.在分离和纯化工艺中,需要调节溶液的pH值控制HPPA各种存在形式的分布系数.然而文献上未见HPPA离解常数的报道,为此用pH计测定酸碱滴定法测定THPPA的离解常数pKa1和pKa2,并进行不确定度评定.结果报告如下:被测量pKa1和pKa2分别为3.10和10.25;合成标准不确定度为0.021和0.019;有效自由度为4.2和4.4;包含因子(置信概率为0.95)均为2.7;扩展不确定度为0.06和0.05.据此讨论了相关的工艺.     

（R）-和（S）-醋丁洛尔的合成研究

介绍了一种不对称合成(R)-和(S)-醋丁洛尔的新方法.首先,用自制的(R,R)-Salen-CoIII催化剂催化水解动力学拆分外消旋环氧氯丙烷得到高光学纯的(S)-环氧氯丙烷,然后,以2-乙酰基-4-正丁酰胺基苯酚为原料,经与(S)-环氧氯丙烷缩合、异丙胺化开环得到目标化合物(R)-醋丁洛尔,总收率为47.3%,光学纯度大于98%.对其中的关键步骤--缩合化反应进行了优化,确定了较佳的反应条件:2-乙酰基-4-正丁酰胺基苯酚、(S)-环氧氯丙烷与5%NaOH溶液的摩尔比为1:2.5:1.1,DMSO为溶剂,反应温度为20℃,反应时间为12 h.用自制的(S,S)-Salen-CoIII催化剂代替(R,R)-Salen-CoIII催化剂,以同样的方法得到(S)-醋丁洛尔,总收率为46.7%,光学纯度大于98%.产品结构经1H-NMR、13CNMR及MS表征.该路线原料廉价易得,条件温和,操作简单,目标化合物收率和光学纯度高,有较好的工业化应用前景.     

（S）-（＋）-2-氨基丙醇制备进展

综述了制备(S)-(+)-2-氩基丙醇的各种方法.认为用改性的NaBH4还原L-a-氨基丙酸合成(S)-(+)-2-氨基丙醇,具有降低生产成本的潜力.用KBH4的BER树脂和硼氢化四甲基铵还原L-a-氮基丙酸酯制备(5)-(+)-2-氨基丙醇,收率高,成本低,具有工业化价值.     

(-)-1R,2S,5R-8-(4-溴苯)薄荷醇的合成与表征

以R-( )-长叶薄荷酮为起始原料,经1,4-加成、还原、溴代、水解等4步反应合成了标题化合物,总产率77%。其结构用1HNMR、13CNMR和IR进行了表征。     

（1S，2S，5R）-薄荷基取代烯烃的合成

以(L)-薄荷基氯为原料,通过薄荷基氯化镁分别与烯丙基溴、2-甲基-3-氯丙烯、1-溴-3-甲基-2-丁烯在Cul催化下发生偶联反应,首次合成了3-(1S,2S,5R)-薄荷基-1-丙烯,2-甲基-3-(1S,2S,5R)-薄荷基-1-丙烯和2-甲基-4-(1S,2S,5R)-薄荷基-2-丁烯,总收率分别为80.5%、83.1%和79.6%.探讨了影响反应的多种因素,找到了较好的合成条件,并用IR、 1HNMR和元素分析对产物进行了表征.     

6-（6-（2-甲基-2H-四唑-5-基）吡啶-3-基）-2-（2-（甲磺酰基）乙基）酞嗪-1（2H）-酮的合成

以6-溴-2-(2-(甲磺酰基)乙基)酞嗪-1(2H)-酮和5-溴-2-(2-甲基-2H-四唑-5-基)吡啶为起始原料,经硼酸酯化和Suzuki偶联反应合成了6-(6-(2-甲基-2H-四唑-5-基)吡啶-3-基)-2-(2-(甲磺酰基)乙基)酞嗪-1(2H)-酮,收率为67.0%,产物的结构经IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和MS得到确证。     

R-(+)硫-代四氢呋喃-2-甲酸的合成

以R-(+四)-氢呋喃-2-甲酸为原料,通过草酰氯酰化,与NaHS发生取代反应,合成R-(+)硫-代四氢呋喃-2甲-酸,粗品经柱层析,减压蒸馏纯化。产品收率53.3%,产物结构经MS,1H NMR确认。     

（R）-醇腈酶催化法合成（R）-（-）-1-（2-萘基）-2-N-甲基氨基乙醇

以2-萘甲醛为原料,经酶致转氰化、氰基还原、甲酰化、酰胺还原合成了光学活性(R)-(-)-1-(2-萘基)-2-N-甲基氨基乙醇5.转氰化过程采用来源于苦杏仁、枇杷仁、桃仁、黑布林果仁和苹果籽仁的醇腈酶催化HCN对底物醛的加成获得(R)-氰醇,通过比较反应产率和产物对映体过量值(ee)发现苦杏仁醇腈酶的催化效果最好,相应值分别为68.8%和88.3%;(R)-氰醇的O-保护衍生物2经化学法转化为标题化合物5,总产率达47%,ee值达88.0%, 其结构经IR和1H-NMR确证.实验结果表明,醇腈酶催化合成的手性氰醇光学纯度较高,是合成手性氨基醇化合物的优秀原料,并且在随后的化学转化过程中各步反应产物均很好地保留了光学纯度.     

生物不对称合成R-(-)-扁桃酸的影响因素

研究了酵母细胞(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)生物不对称还原苯乙酮酸合成R-(-)-扁桃酸的过程中,环境因子对底物的转化效率和产物对映体过量值的影响. 结果表明,高浓度的底物苯乙酮酸对酵母细胞的催化还原活性具有较显著的抑制效应. pH 6.5、温度32℃、严格厌氧为较适宜条件,底物苯乙酮酸的转化率和产物扁桃酸的得率分别可达97.0%和96.1%,R-(-)-扁桃酸的对映体过量值(ee)为95.1%.     

(S)-(+)-N,N-二甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-2-噻吩基丙胺的合成研究

以2-乙酰噻吩为原料,经Mannich反应、还原反应、手性拆分、光延反应合成(S)-(+)-N,N-二甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-2-噻吩基丙胺。对反应物配料比、反应时间和温度等工艺影响因素进行了研究,总收率达40.26%(以2-乙酰噻吩计),其结构经1H NMR和MS确证。     

(S,S)-2,12-, (S,S)-2,13-, and (S,S)-2,14-diacetoxyheptadecanes: sex pheromone components of red cedar cone midge, Mayetiola thujae

We identified, synthesized, and field-tested the sex pheromone of female red cedar cone midge Mayetiola thujae (Hedlin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a pest insect in red cedar Thuja plicata seed orchards. Coupled gas chromatographic (GC)-electroantennographic detection analyses of pheromone extract revealed three components (A, B, C) that elicited responses from antennae of males, all of which occurred below the detection threshold of the mass spectrometer and thus had to be identified without spectroscopic data. Taking into account (1) their retention indices (RI) on three GC columns (DB-5, DB-23, and DB-210), (2) intercolumn RI differentials, and (3) the molecular structures of known cecidomyiid pheromones, we synthesized seven candidate pheromone components: 2,10-, 2,11-, 2,12-, 2,13-, 2,14-, 2,15- and 2,16-diacetoxyheptadecanes. Of these, 2,12-, 2,13-, and 2,14-diacetoxyheptadecane had RIs on all columns consistent with those of A, B, and C and elicited strong antennal responses when tested at picogram levels. In field experiments with the twelve stereoselectively synthesized stereoisomers, only the SS-stereoisomers of 2,12-, 2,13-, and 2,14-diacetoxyheptadecane attracted male M. thujae. The three-component SS-stereoisomer blend was more attractive than the 12-component blend of all stereoisomers, suggesting that one or several nonnatural stereoisomers are inhibitory. One-, two-, and three-component lures of the SS-stereoisomers were equally effective in attracting male M. thujae, indicating redundancy in the pheromone. Identification of the M. thujae sex pheromone will allow development of pheromone-based monitoring, and possibly control, of M. thujae populations in T. plicata seed orchards.     

氯化(8S,9R)-(-)-N-苄基辛可尼定的合成

等摩尔的苄氯与辛可尼定在无水乙醇中回流2－4h,即可得到氯化（8S,9R）－（－）－N－苄基辛可尼定,产率为60％,e,e．值为＞99％。     

(S)-2-(ethyl propionate)-(O-ethyl xanthate)- and (S)-2-(Ethyl isobutyrate)-(O-ethyl xanthate)-mediated RAFT polymerization of vinyl acetate

(S)-2-(Ethyl propionate)-(O-ethyl xanthate) (X1) and (S)-2-(Ethyl isobutyrate)-(O-ethyl xanthate) (X2) were used as the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents for the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc). The former showed the better chain transfer ability in the polymerization at 60°C. Kinetic study with both RAFT agents showed pseudo-first order kinetics up to around 85% monomer conversion. Molecular weight of the resulting polymer increased linearly with increase in the monomer conversion up to around 85%. The observed molecular weights calculated from ¹H-NMR spectrum [M_n(NMR)] are close to the corresponding theoretical molecular weights [M_n(theor)]. The corresponding polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulting polymers remained almost constant at around 1.2 up to ∼ 65% monomer conversion and then increased gradually with the further increase in the monomer conversion. Chain-end analysis of the resulting polymers by ¹H-NMR showed clearly that polymerization started with the radical forming out of the xanthate mediator. The negligible homo-chain extension and the hetero-chain extension involving synthesis of poly(VAc)-b-poly(NVP) diblock copolymer were occurred. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Biological activity of (3R,5S,6R)- and (3S,5R,6S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-(methylethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one,a pheromone ofMacrocentrus grandii (Goidanich) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

In a previous study we reported identification of (3R*,5S*,6R*)-3,5-dimethyl-6-(methylethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one as a component of the pheromone ofMacrocentrus grandii Goidanich. The lactone was present in male and female wasps, and laboratory and field bioassays demonstrated that both sources of the lactone elicit flight initiation, upwind anemotaxis, and casting in male wasps. In the present study, the synthetic (3R,5S,6R)- and (3S,5R,6S)-lactone enantiomers (RSR andSRS, respectively) were bioassayed for biological activity. In wind tunnel studies theSRS enantiomer elicited flight initiation, upwind anemotaxis, and casting by male wasps comparable to lactone derived from male and female wasps. Flight response to theRSR enantiomer averaged 14 percent of theSRS enantiomer. No specific ratio of the stereoisomers was found more attractive than theSRS enantiomer alone. Field studies demonstrated theSRS enantiomer was active alone in attracting male wasps. When paired with (Z)-4-tridecenal (a previously identified female-derived sex pheromone), theSRS enantiomer yielded a synergistic response comparable to (Z)-4-tridecenal plus female-derived lactone.     

(S)-2-(Ethyl propionate)-(O-ethyl xanthate) and (S)-2-(Ethyl isobutyrate)-(O-ethyl xanthate)-mediated RAFT polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone

(S)-2-(Ethyl propionate)-(O-ethyl xanthate) (X1) and the newly synthesized (S)-2-(ethyl isobutyrate)-(O-ethyl xanthate) (X2) were used as the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents for the radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). The former showed the better chain transfer ability in the polymerization at 60 °C. Kinetics study with X1 shows the psuedo-first order kinetics upto 45% monomer conversion. Molecular weight (M _n) of the resulted polymer increases linearly with increase in the monomer conversion upto around 45%. Polydispersity of the corresponding poly(NVP)s increase gradually from 1.2 to 1.9 with increase in the monomer conversion. Chain-end analysis of the resulted polymer by ¹H NMR shows clearly that polymerization started with radical forming out of xanthate mediator. Living nature of the polymerization was confirmed from the successful homo chain extension experiment and also the hetero-chain extension experiment involving synthesis of poly(NVP)-b-polystyrene amphiphilic diblock copolymer.     

1-(2,4-二氯苯基)二甲基2-(1,2,4-三唑-1)-戊烯酮合成工艺

1H—1，2，4—三唑和氯甲特丁酮反应，以有机碱作催化剂，生成的产物唑酮再与2，4—二氯苯甲醛进行反应，生成1—(2，4—二氯苯基)二甲基2—(1，2，4—三唑—1)—戊烯酮(简称烯酮)。试验表明，选择不同溶剂、反应时间、催化剂用量影响烯酮的纯度及收率，采用乙酸乙酯为溶剂，水洗后脱酯所得到的唑酮纯度为90．1％，产率在90％以上；选用2ml有机碱催化剂和反应时间15h生成烯酮产率为93％。     

2-叔丁氨基-4-环丙氨基-6-甲巯基-S-三嗪的制备

以氰尿酰氯为原料,分别用环丙胺、叔丁胺、硫醇钠经过3次取代得到高纯度的目标化合物,收率90%。