碳源浓度对金刚石薄膜涂层刀具性能的影响

用热丝ＣＶＤ法,以丙酮为碳源,在ＷＣ－Ｃｏ硬质合金衬底上沉积金刚石薄膜,研究了碳源浓度对金刚石薄膜涂层刀具性能的影响,结果表明,碳源浓度对金刚石涂层薄膜质量、形貌和粗糙度、薄膜与衬底间的附着力、刀具的耐用度用度发削性能有显著影响,合理控制碳源浓度对获得实用化的在硬质合金刀具基础上沉积高附着强度、低粗糙度金刚石薄膜的新技术具有重要的意义。     

纳米金刚石薄膜涂覆Ti6Al4V合金的改性研究

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法,在医用钛合金上沉积金刚石薄膜,其晶粒尺寸40 nm左右,表面粗糙度Ra=39 nm.在SiC球为摩擦副的干摩擦实验中,2N载荷下运转10000转,摩擦系数在0.25左右,并且没有出现任何薄膜破裂或剥落.血液相容性评价显示,动态凝血时间和溶血率比钛合金基体均有较大的提高,接近热解碳膜(LTIC).     

酸浸+等离子体刻蚀YG6微米-纳米金刚石复合涂层工具研究

金刚石涂层工具一直是金刚石膜工具应用研究的主流.制约其产业化的主要因素是涂层的附着力低和微晶金刚石涂层工具的加工精度差.通过对衬底的有效预处理和CVD沉积过程控制的研究,开发在硬质合金基体上沉积高结合强度、低粗糙度的金刚石涂层新技术,对于实现CVD金刚石涂层刀具高效、高精度切削加工具有重要意义.对旨在提高金刚石涂层附着力的预处理技术,本文探索了将酸蚀脱钴+等离子体刻蚀处理衬底法.利用优化的沉积工艺,在酸浸+等离子刻蚀处理的YG6刀片上沉积的两层金刚石复合膜表面粗糙度为0.13μm,附着力压痕测试临界载荷大于1500N.金刚石涂层工具的切削加工性能明显高于无涂层硬质合金工具.在加工ZAlSi12合金时,单层和两层金刚石涂层车刀片的切削寿命分别是无涂层车刀片切削寿命的21倍和28倍.     

陶瓷衬底材料对多晶硅薄膜沉积质量的影响

通过对不同陶瓷衬底材料上沉积多晶硅薄膜性能的研究,分析了陶瓷材料本身的性质和热力学参数、晶体学参数等性能对多晶硅薄膜沉积质量的影响,在SiC衬底上制备了择优定向生长晶粒直径达190μm的多晶硅薄膜.     

纳米金刚石薄膜涂覆钛合金的摩擦学性能

医用钛合金(Ti6Al4V)具有低密度、高强度、耐腐蚀等优点而应用广泛,但是其耐磨性差.采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在医用钛合金上沉积金刚石薄膜,经喇曼光谱检测为纳米金刚石结构,原子力显微镜测试其晶粒尺寸为40 nm左右,表面粗糙度Ra=39 nm(视场10×10μm).在SiC球为摩擦副的干摩擦实验中,在2 N载荷下,摩擦因数在0.25左右,并且没有出现任何薄膜破裂或剥落现象.实验结果表明,钛合金表面沉积纳米金刚石薄膜后明显提高了耐磨性,薄膜的表面粗糙度和形貌是影响其摩擦学性能的关键因素.     

低表面粗糙度金刚石涂层刀具的制备

降低表面粗糙度是改善金刚石涂层刀具使用性能的有效手段.采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)金刚石膜,通过在沉积过程中调整工艺参数,先后在硬质合金基体上沉积了2层不同的金刚石薄膜.研究了基体位置、甲烷浓度等对薄膜表面形貌的影响.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和压痕法对样品进行了分析测试,结果表明,该方法在保证金刚石涂层质量的同时有效降低了薄膜表面的粗糙度,表面粗糙度值Ra＜0.2 μm.     

化学气相沉积金刚石膜工业应用

成果成熟程度 已经解决在硬质合金衬底上生长均匀致密、附着 良好的金刚石膜的技术 成果的特点 金刚石薄膜涂层硬质合金工具由于性能优异、成 本相对较低(与PCD和金刚石厚膜钎焊工具相比)、可 以适应于复杂形状工具衬底沉积、以及可能大批量沉 积等优点,具有非常好的市场前景. 金刚石薄膜涂层硬质合金工具开发的关键是解决 金刚石薄膜在硬质合金衬底上的生长(沉积)和良好附 着的技术.本项目成果采用独特的衬底预处理和优化 的金刚石膜沉积工艺已经解决了Co对金刚石膜生长 和附着的有害影响问题.在YG类硬质合金工具衬底 所沉积的金刚石膜涂层厚度最大可达20～30μm.用洛 氏硬度压痕法评定的金刚石膜附着力时的无裂纹临界 载荷达1500N以上.在铣削A1-12wt%Si合金时,金 刚石薄膜涂层的YG6铣刀比未涂层硬质合金刀片使 用寿命可提高13倍以上.     

去Co深度及薄膜厚度对金刚石薄膜-硬质合金附着力的影响

金刚石薄膜与基体的附着力是影响CVD金刚石薄膜涂层刀具使用寿命的关键因素,沉积金刚石薄膜的膜-基附着力主要受硬质合金基体表面Co含量的影响。本文通过控制酸碱两步法中的酸处理时间及薄膜沉积时间,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、划痕测试仪等对样品进行分析检测,研究基体去Co深度及薄膜沉积厚度对金刚石薄膜的膜-基附着力的影响。结果表明:随着去Co深度的增加,膜-基附着力先增后降,但薄膜表面和截面形貌无明显变化,表明薄膜形貌主要受沉积参数影响;随着薄膜厚度增加,薄膜晶粒变大,膜-基附着力先增高后降低。去Co深度为7.1μm,薄膜厚度为19.5μm时所得薄膜的膜-基附着力最高,达到88.82 N。     

酸浸＋等离子体刻蚀YC6微米-纳米金刚石复合涂层工具研究

金刚石涂层工具一直是金刚石膜工具应用研究的主流。制约其产业化的主要因素是涂层的附着力低和微晶金刚石涂层工具的加工精度差。通过对衬底的有效预处理和CVD沉积过程控制的研究，开发在硬质合金基体上沉积高结合强度、低粗糙度的金刚石涂层新技术，对于实现CVD金刚石涂层刀具高效、高精度切削加工具有重要意义。对旨在提高金刚石涂层附着力的预处理技术，本文探索了将酸蚀脱钴＋等离子体刻蚀处理衬底法。利用优化的沉积工艺，在酸浸＋等离子刻蚀处理的YG6刀片上沉积的两层金刚石复合膜表面粗糙度为0．13μm，附着力压痕测试临界载荷大于1500N。金刚百涂层工具的切削加工性能明显高予无涂层硬质合金工具。在加工ZAlSi12合金时，单层和两层金刚石涂层车刀片的切削寿命分别是无涂层车刀片切削寿命的21倍和28倍。     

SiC基底HFCVD金刚石薄膜摩擦磨损性能

利用热丝化学气相沉积技术在碳化硅基底上制备微米金刚石薄膜、纳米金刚石薄膜和金刚石–石墨复合薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对不同金刚石薄膜的表面形貌和微观结构进行表征,通过摩擦磨损实验测试金刚石薄膜的摩擦系数并计算其磨损率,对比研究不同种类金刚石薄膜的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：金刚石–石墨复合薄膜具有较好的摩擦磨损性能,薄膜表面粗糙度为53.8 nm,摩擦系数为0.040,和纳米金刚石薄膜(0.037)相当;金刚石–石墨复合薄膜的磨损率最低,为2.07×10^-7 mm³·N^-1·m^-1。在相同实验条件下,同碳化硅基底的磨损率(9.89×10^-5 mm³·N^-1·m^-1)和摩擦系数(0.580)相比,所有金刚石薄膜的磨损率和摩擦系数均有明显提升,说明在SiC基体表面沉积金刚石薄膜能够显著提高碳化硅材料在摩擦学领域的使役性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。