预烧结温度对热等静压法制备Co基金刚石串珠性能的影响

采用合适的工艺流程及参数,将热等静压(Hot Isostatic Pressing,HIP)技术应用于Co基金刚石串珠制备。分析了HIP后胎体性能的变化,并通过扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)进行断面微观分析。结果表明:相比较热压烧结,HIP更有助于改善Co基胎体各项性能,对于实验中各组Co基胎体,750℃预烧结胎体的性能提高最多,其中胎体抗弯强度提高了25.2%,胎体对钢基体的夹持力提高了37.9%。显然,HIP可用于Co基金刚石串珠的制备,而预烧结温度对HIP后胎体性能有着重要影响,在合适的预烧结温度下可以获得最佳性能的胎体。     

进一步提高我国金刚石工具质量的有效途径

根据我们的实践与调研,就进一步提高我国金刚石工具质量的有效途径进行了探讨。我国金刚石工业必须并可能为金刚石工具制品提供性能稳定、粗颗粒、热稳定性好的高强金刚石。为提高金刚石把持力,有必要在粘结剂中采用强碳化物形成元素或镀覆金刚石,胎体用粉末宜使用超细粉末与预合金化粉末,以便改进胎体性能。在刀头生产中推广制粒工艺,以优化金刚石分布,提高冷压工艺的性能和效率,降低模具消耗。烧结工艺中采用保护气氛热压烧结工艺与设备,在绳锯串珠生产中采用热等静压（HIP）与高温钎焊工艺。激光据片生产中完善刀头烧结工艺与焊接工艺参数,生产高质量的激光据片。     

提高WC—Co硬质合金顶锤质量的研究

对烧结后的硬质合金顶锤进行热等静压（ＨＩＰ），能有效提高其密度，使其在合成金刚石生产中使用寿命普遍延长３—４倍。热等静压的最佳工艺条件是：温度在１３５０～１３７５℃，压力为８０～１００ＭＰａ，保温保压时间１００～１２０ｍｉｎ。同时，较全面地观察和分析了ＷＣ—Ｃｏ硬质合金破裂的行为，并阐述了采用ＨＩＰ处理能提高ＷＣ—Ｃｏ硬质合金顶锤质量的原因。     

热等静压技术的新进展——HIP’99国际会议情况简介

简述了 1999年 6月在北京召开的“HIP’99国际热等静压会议”的有关情况 ,包括国内外 HIP技术的发展态势及其在硬质合金与陶瓷科研生产中的应用。在近半个世纪的发展进程中 ,HIP技术经历了研制、开发、推广发展几个阶段 ,到 90年代进入一个新的发展时期。这一时期有四大特点 :1HIP工艺的设计逐步由经验型转变成科学型 ;2 HIP技术从国际间的交流逐步发展为国际间的联合研究 ;3HIP制品开始进入一些重要工程项目 ;4HIP技术正与其他高技术相结合 ,其应用前景进一步扩大。在硬质合金行业 ,已利用 HIP技术成功地制取了性能双高的超细合金、大压缸、大顶锤等尖端产品。在陶瓷领域 ,HIP技术更是一种提高产品质量的有效手段。文中通过一些具体事例对此作了扼要的介绍。     

金刚石工具中金刚石与胎体结合力的提高方法

由于金刚石具有高硬度、高强度、高耐磨性等一系列优异的物理化学特性,被广泛地用来制备金刚石工具.但金刚石工具中存在的把持力不足、颗粒脱落、氧化、石墨化等问题,严重影响了工具的使用寿命和效率.文章介绍了提高金刚石工具中金刚石与胎体结合力的两大类方法:用表面金属化、表面粗化方法提高金刚石与胎体机械镶嵌力;用气相沉积法、化学镀而后热处理法、盐浴法使金刚石与金属形成化学键结合.通过实施以上方法可以有效地解决金刚石工具中颗粒的结合力问题.     

热等静压钼棒的组织和性能

一、前言热等静压(HIP)是一项新的粉末冶金技术,主要用于硬质合金、粉末高速钢和铍等难成形及有毒金属的成形。国外还研究了用HIP法制取致密难熔金属,主要是异形件的成型。瑞典通用电器公司用1350℃,100MPa,3hr的工艺制度使金属钼的密度     

孕镶钻头胎体对金刚石机械把持力的评价方法

传统的孕镶钻头胎体对金刚石的把持力来源于机械把持力。金刚石表面的残余压应力是评价胎体对金刚石机械把持力的重要指标。本文中,对现有的金刚石表面压应力计算方法进行比较和评价,发现经验公式、弹性力学方程表征公式的计算结果与实际值差别很大,公式形式不够合理,而基于弹塑性力学理论的力学计算公式与有限元数值模拟方法具有很好的有效性。对WC基金刚石复合材料烧结后的冷却过程分析发现,钻头胎体在烧结后的冷却过程中发生了塑性变形,金刚石颗粒周围形成塑性变形区域;塑性变形吸收了一部分能量,缓解了金刚石—胎体之间的热错配应力,释放了一部分金刚石表面的静压应力;冷却完成后,金刚石表面会产生残余压应力,而这种残余压应力是胎体对金刚石机械把持力的主要来源。      

钢结硬质合金型胎体性能及其热压金刚石钻头研究

针对在硬而致密岩石中钻进时效低的难题,本文分析了碳化钨基热压钻头的金刚石出刃与岩石研磨性等岩性之间的内在联系,认为钻头的胎体成分及其性能是关键,硬而带脆性的胎体性能有利于金刚石出刃,从而能提高钻进速度.因此,从热压金刚石钻头的胎体成分与性能研究入手,经过反复的试验研究,试制出了热压钢结硬质合金型孕镶金刚石钻头.在硬而致密岩层中钻进的野外试验表明:与普通的碳化钨基钻头相比,钻进时效由0.5 m/h提高到1.18 m/h,钻头工作寿命由10 m/个提高到21.31 m/个,基本解决了在硬而致密岩层中钻进难的问题.试验结果表明,钢结硬质合金型胎体是一种性能优良的金刚石钻头胎体材料,该类型胎体的热压金刚石钻头是一种具有广谱性的金刚石钻头.     

电镀金刚石工具的改进研究

电镀金刚石工具中存在的把持力不足、颗粒脱落等问题,严重影响了工具的使用寿命和效率.文章综述了国内外近年来发展起来的改进电镀金刚石工具性能的方法,归纳成以下三大类:1、改进镀层胎体材料性能,提高镀层对金刚石的支撑和结合作用;2、通过提高金刚石与胎体的接触面积,消除金刚石与镀层之间的空隙;3、对金刚石颗粒表面处理,使金刚石与镀层间形成化学键结合.文中对各种方法进行了详细的描述,对一些有潜能的方法进行了推荐,以期读者对电镀金刚石工具的改进方法有一个全面系统的认识.     

预合金粉在热压烧结中的扩散行为及作用

简述了金刚石脱落的主要原因是胎体把持力不够造成的,预合金粉末的使用明显提高了胎体和金刚石的连接强度.研究结果表明,预合金粉末法可以实现胎体与金刚石的扩散连接;预合金粉末的成分不同,其与金刚石表面的润湿性差异较明显;温度对预合金粉末的扩散行为有显著影响;预合金粉末与金刚石热压烧结气氛不同,对两者之间的连接效果也会有致命的影响,将影响金刚石刀头的使用寿命.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。