The dyeing of nylon with a microencapsulated disperse dye

Melamine resin microcapsules containing CI Disperse Blue 56 were prepared by in situ polymerisation. The microcapsules were characterised by their thermal properties and morphology, such as particle size and particle size distribution. The dyeing behaviour of the microcapsules on nylon 6.6 was evaluated. The microencapsulated dye exhibited good build-up, levelness and fastness properties. It has been demonstrated that microencapsulated disperse dye can be used to replace commercial disperse dyes in dyeing polyamide fabric without dyeing additives, and the resulting effluent can be easily recycled after filtration.     

彩色发泡微胶囊的制备及分散染料的增塑作用研究

研究了利用原位着色法制备彩色发泡微胶囊的工艺备件,通过有限凝聚法合成发泡微胶囊,添加偶氮类和蒽醌类分散染料,使微胶囊发泡性能和彩色效果显著提高,显著降低发泡温度。     

分散染料微胶囊的制备及性能

以尿素-甲醛树脂作为囊壁,聚苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)为系统分散剂,采用原位聚合法对分散染料进行包裹,制备了尿醛树脂微胶囊。探讨了系统分散剂SMA的用量及分子量对微胶囊性能的影响,通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、粒度分析仪、包封率和控制释放速率测试对微胶囊进行表征测试。结果表明,加入分散剂的微胶囊分散性、包封性都优于未加分散剂的微胶囊;当尿/醛比为1∶2,引发剂的用量为50 mg,分散剂的用量为1 g时,微胶囊的包封率达到50%,控释速率最佳。     

Preparation of double layered shell microparticles containing an acid dye by a melt dispersion–coacervation technique

Two types of microparticles with a double layered shell containing an acid dye were prepared by using a melt dispersion–coacervation process. The surface morphology and the composition of the microcapsules were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) respectively. The results showed that the loading content and morphologies strongly depend on the composition, the protective colloid, as well as on the outer polymeric shell and the way the solvent solubilizes it. The thermo-physical properties strongly depend on the nature of the core content and the synthesis conditions. Factors affecting the release performance of the microcapsules were investigated and the results are presented in this paper.     

PMMA microcapsules containing water-soluble dyes obtained by double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique

Summary The aim of this study was to prepare microcaspules containing a water-soluble dye used in textile industry. These microcapsules must be stable during the time and no release of the dye must be observed during their stocking. The difficulty of this work lies in the water-solubility of the dye which does not allow a classical oil-in-water solvent evaporation and furthermore, the dye presents a certain solubility with volatile solvents classically used in solvent evaporation technique. Thus a double emulsion based encapsulation process was developped and allowed the encapsulation of the dye. The observation by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed well-spherical microcapsules with mean diameter around 30 μm, smooth surface and no porous membrane. Received: 13 July 2001/Revised version: 23 October 2001/ Accepted: 23 October 2001     

低聚物对聚酯织物分散染料染色废液COD_(Cr)的影响

采用原位聚合法在不同芯壁比条件下对纯分散染料进行微胶囊化,将其对溶剂萃取过低聚物的TTT及PET织物进行染色,采用紫外分光光度法测定染色废液CODCr值,并与相应的商品分散染料染色废液CODCr值进行比较.结果表明,低聚物的存在将增大PTT及PET织物染色废液的CODCr值;对于相同分散染料,芯壁比为1:2的微胶囊染色废液CODCr值大于芯壁比为1:4的微胶囊染色废液CODCr值;微胶囊分散染料染色废液CODCr值远低于相应商品分散染料的染色废液CODCr值.     

分散染料微胶囊粒径及其分布的影响因素

采用原位聚合法对分散染料进行微胶囊化,芯壁比、剪切乳化速率、反应搅拌速度、系统调节剂MS用量、单双层滴加单体时间都将对分散染料微胶囊的粒径大小和分布产生重要影响。     

热敏微胶囊热响应特性研究

将热敏微胶囊作为基本显影单元,影像稳定性和分辨率得到了提高,影像形成速度也更符合数字化成像的要求。本文结合热敏技术、微胶囊技术,将染料前体微胶囊化,制备出粒径在1μm以下的热敏微胶囊。测量了囊壁的玻璃化温度,对显影后的影像进行了对比,测量了不同显影温度下的影像密度,分析了影像密度随显影温度变化的关系。     

Microencapsulation of disperse dye particles with nano film coating through layer by layer technique

Throughout the past ten years, comprehensive understanding of fundamental and applied research has focused on functional coating and specifically on microencapsulaion. In this study, weak polycation poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and strong polyanion poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) were used for fabrication of nano film through layer by layer technique on the surface of disperse dye particles. Then micron‐sized particles were surrounded by poly(urea formaldehyde) using in‐situ polymerization. Chemical structure, surface morphology, and size distribution of these novel microcapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and scanning electronic microscopy. Size and surface morphology of the microcapsules can be optimized by selecting proper weight ratio of urea to formaldehyde and core to shell material type, and amount of surfactant and agitation rate. This technology demonstrated good capability in several applications in textile industry, such as dying fabrics because of saving huge amount of water and showing slow‐release property of dye without using dye assistant agents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

光敏热响应微胶囊的光敏特性研究

利用微胶囊技术制备了以给电子染料前体和光固化物质为囊芯,以聚脲为囊壁的光敏热响应型微胶囊,并以该微胶囊为感光单元,形成记录材料,以记录材料为载体,对微胶囊的光敏特性进行了研究。     

热敏记录材料中显色剂微胶囊对显色性能的影响

本文主要论述了在一种热敏记录材料中,为降低灰雾,微胶囊包裹技术在显色剂中的应用以及微胶囊包裹显色剂对整体显色性能的影响;并得到了微胶囊包裹显色剂合适的壁材用量。     

The study of colour fastness of commercial microencapsulated photoresponsive dye applied on cotton,cotton/polyester and polyester fabric using a pad‐dry‐cure process

Commercial microencapsulated photoresponsive dye was applied on cotton, polyester/cotton and polyester fabric using a pad‐dry‐cure process. Colour fastness of the photoresponsive fabrics to washing, wet cleaning, dry cleaning, rubbing and light was investigated. The CIELAB colour values of the fabrics before and after testing were measured using a reflectance spectrophotometer, and the colour differences were calculated to evaluate the fastness properties. The fabrics had better colour fastness to wet cleaning and washing than to dry cleaning. The fabrics showed higher colour fastness to wet than to dry rubbing. The photoresponsiveness of the fabrics decreased with prolonged exposure time to artificial light due to low photostability of the microcapsules.     

Inkjet fabrication and characterization of calcium alginate microcapsules

The present work describes a method for producing calcium alginate hydrogel microcapsules in the size range of 50-70 μm by means of a piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet device. Particles were prepared by emitting droplets of 0.5% and 1% (w/w) sodium alginate solutions into a magnetically stirred pool of CaCl₂ solution of variable viscosity ranging from 1 to 100 mPas. The effect of viscosity on the morphology of the resulting microcapsules was systematically investigated — lower viscosity of the receiving solution has lead to the formation of elongated particles, medium viscosities lead to spherical capsules, and for higher viscosities flattened particles were obtained. The applied voltage used for driving the piezoelectric inkjet print-head was found to be the most significant parameter for influencing the droplet size. The duration of the voltage pulse or the droplet viscosity had only minor effects. The release rates of two model substances (methylene blue dye and vitamin B12) from alginate beads were measured and their effective diffusion coefficients determined as function of alginate concentration.     

一种双色电子墨水微胶囊的制备与表征

采用聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺对Ti O2进行修饰,以十二烷基硫酸钠为稳定剂,四氯乙烯为分散介质,油溶蓝为蓝色染料,制备了分散性和稳定性良好的电泳显示液。用该电泳液作囊芯,以明胶和羧甲基纤维素钠进行复凝聚反应形成囊壁,制备了蓝白双色电子墨水微胶囊,讨论了芯材比、加酸浓度、酸化时间等对微胶囊形貌与物理性质的影响。采用扫面电子显微镜、粒径分布、热失重分析等方法对所制备的蓝白双色电子墨水微胶囊进行了表征,结果表明：所制备微胶囊球型规整,囊壁结构致密,表面光滑,平均粒径为52.2μm。     

微胶囊间苯二酚双磷酸二苯酯的制备

采用三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(MF),通过缩聚反应对间苯二酚双磷酸二苯酯(RDP)进行微胶囊包覆。以RDP为囊心,MF为囊材,合成了微胶囊RDP。并考察了表面活性剂种类及预聚体用量对微胶囊合成工艺的影响。利用电子能谱分析检测了微胶囊化学结构,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析对其表面形貌及热稳定性进行了观察和分析。结果发现,复合型活性剂对微胶囊具有很好的分散作用,制备出的微胶囊颗粒均匀,粒径经检测在40～80μm;预聚体与RDP的质量比为1:1时,微胶囊的粒径最小,且只有少量蜜胺树脂沉积在微胶囊表面上。通过微胶囊包覆的RDP热稳定性能明显提高,由原来的400℃完全分解提高到800℃。     

香精微胶囊的研制及粒径的影响因素

采用原位聚合法三层造壁技术,对香精进行胶囊化。探讨了用不同规格及不同用量的系统调节剂MS,香精种类以及分散剂的使用等工艺参数对香精微胶囊粒径的影响。并且通过扫描电镜观察分析微胶囊的形态结构和分散情况。     

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/urea‐formaldehyde shell microcapsules containing dicyclopentadiene

Microcapsules containing healing agent have been used to develop the self‐healing composites. These microcapsules must possess special properties during the use of composites such as stability in surrounding, appropriate mechanical strength, and lower permeability. A new series of microcapsules containing dicyclopentadiene with chitosan/urea‐formaldehyde copolymer as shell materials were synthesized by in situ copolymerization technology. The microencapsulating mechanism was discussed and the process was explained. Also, the factors influencing the preparation of microcapsules were analyzed. The morphology and shell wall thickness of microcapsules were observed by using scanning electron microscopy. The size of microcapsules was measured using optical microscope and the size distribution was investigated based on data sets of at least 200 measurements. The chemical structure and thermal properties of microcapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The storage stability and isothermal aging experiment of microcapsules were also investigated. Results indicted that the chitosan/urea‐formaldehyde microcapsules containing dicyclopentadiene were synthesized successfully; the copolymerization occurred between chitosan and urea‐formaldehyde prepolymer. The microcapsule size is in the range of 10–160 μm with an average of 45 μm. The shell thickness of microcapsules is in the range of 1–7 μm and the core content of microcapsules is 67%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Dyeing of polyester using micro-encapsulated disperse dyes in the absence of auxiliaries

Polyurea microcapsules were prepared in this study, using disperse dye as the core material and diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate as the wall-former. Microencapsulated disperse dyes have been characterised in terms of their thermal properties, average particle size and size distribution, morphological structure and composition. Polyester fabric was dyed with microencapsulated CI Disperse Blue 56 using a high temperature dyeing process without dispersing agents, penetrating agents, levelling agents or other auxiliaries. The quality of the polyester fabric dyed in this manner – without reduction clearing – was at least as good as that dyed traditionally after washing and reduction clearing. After separating off the polyurea microcapsules, the dyebath was virtually colourless and was shown to be suitable for reuse.     

Thermosensitive microcapsules,II. New azomonomers,homo- and cocondensation,microencapsulation, release measurements,size distribution and thermo-printing

Thermolabile microcapsules are formed by interfacial polycondensation in which one of the wall-forming reactants contains azo functions. These reactants are compounds of the general structure X? R? N?N? R? X (X = ? OH, ? NH₂, ? NCO, COCl). Their properties are described in detail. Experimental details of the microencapsulation such as particle size, dependence from stirrer speed and stability of the capsules are given. An ink ribbon containing a carrier covered with dye filled microcapsules is applied for thermal-transfer-printing.     

硅油微胶囊的制备及其仿生防污性能的研究

以甲基硅油为芯材、脲醛树脂为壁材,通过细乳液聚合法制备脲醛树脂(PUF)/硅油微胶囊,探究了微胶囊的形成机理及乳化剂、搅拌速度对微胶囊的影响。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段表征了微胶囊的形貌、热力学及价键结构等性能。结果表明:用细乳液聚合法成功制备了表面光滑、粒径分布均匀的微胶囊;微胶囊包覆率达到91%,且具有良好的缓释效果。将制得的微胶囊掺杂到丙烯酸锌树脂中制备防污涂层,研究了防污涂层的防污性能。采用SEM分析了防污涂层的形貌,并通过接触角测试及防污试验考察了防污涂层的疏水性及抑菌抑藻效果。结果表明:防污涂层表面形成类似荷叶表面的微纳米结构,涂层的疏水性增加,接触角由98.2°增加到123.9°;在抗藻抗菌类试验中显示出良好的防污性能。