苏云金芽孢杆菌和平沙绿僵菌混配对酒曲害虫大谷盗的毒杀效果研究

利用苏云金芽孢杆菌与平沙绿僵菌混配杀灭酒曲害虫大谷盗.研究结果表明,在温度30℃、相对湿度为73%～75%的条件下,苏云金芽孢杆菌与平沙绿僵菌液体制剂按1:1比例混配后,使用量为5 mL时,在杀虫第20天时可使大谷盗的死亡率与校正死亡率达100%.与试验前相比,酒曲的液化力、糖化力和发酵力分别下降了15.2%、2.0%和1.2%;酒曲中细菌数、霉菌数及酵母菌数分别下降了5.3%、0.3%和1.6%.     

球形芽孢杆菌对酒曲害虫大谷盗的毒杀效果研究

球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)LPl-G茵株能产生对害虫有毒杀作用的毒蛋白.采用该菌种防治酒曲害虫大谷盗,结果表明,在30℃下,湿度73%～75%条件下,球形芽孢杆菌的有效杀虫剂量为4mL/100g,可使大谷盗的校正死亡率达91.4%,且杀虫后大曲的糖化力、发酵力、微生物的数量变化极小.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌对大曲害虫大谷盗的毒杀效果研究

采用苏云金杆菌防治大曲害虫,研究结果表明:在30℃条件下,苏云金芽孢杆菌液体制剂达到0.004mL/g的剂量,可使大谷盗毒的校正死亡率达91.8%,且杀虫后大曲的糖化力、发酵力、微生物的数量变化极小.     

化学药剂与苏云金杆菌综合防治法对大曲质量的影响研究

苏云金芽孢杆菌能产生对害虫有专一性毒杀作用的晶体蛋白,具有对人类健康和环境安全的优点。土耳其扁谷盗是危害大曲的主要酒曲害虫。研究结果表明:苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫剂和磷化铝以0.4ml/L:0.006mg/L混合,在30℃条件下能杀死土耳其扁谷盗,且杀虫后大曲的糖化力、发酵力、微生物的数量变化极小。     

复合微生物杀虫剂防治松茸毒蛾试验

用日本赤松毛虫质型多角体病毒(J-DsCPV)、苏云金杆菌(BT)和白僵菌混配成的复合微生物杀虫剂防治松毒蛾,试验结果表明:复合微生物杀虫剂对松毒蛾有一定的杀虫效果,每0.0667hm2用CPV10.0亿多角体 BT1000亿芽孢 白僵菌250亿孢子防治效果较理想,药后12天平均校正死亡率达90.3%,残存活虫CPV平均感染率达89.2%.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌对酒曲害虫黑菌虫的毒杀效果研究

利用生物杀虫剂苏云金杆菌防治大曲害虫,具有高效性、安全性、经济性、科学性等优点.研究结果表明:在30℃条件下,苏云金芽孢杆菌液体制剂达到0.10mL/g的剂量时,可使黑菌虫的校正死亡率达100%,且杀虫后大曲的糖化力、发酵力、微生物的数量变化极小.     

苏云金杆菌杀虫剂对土耳其扁谷盗毒杀效果的研究

苏云金杆菌芽孢杆菌能产生对害虫有毒杀作用的晶体蛋白。土耳其扁谷盗是危害大曲的主要酒曲害虫。研究结果表明，苏云金芽孢杆菌干粉制荆和磷化铝以1．0mg／L：0．006mg／L、液体制剂以0．5mL／L：0．004mg／L混合，在30℃条件下能杀死土耳其扁谷盗。该法具有降低虫害损失，保护环境的优点。     

大曲害虫的发生、危害及治理

大曲内生存的酒曲害虫有大谷盗、咖啡豆象、赤拟谷盗、米象等.酒曲害虫的发生主要来自于大曲发酵后的降温期、曲库贮存期等.主要危害是影响大曲的产量、质量和周围环境,使曲块糖化力、液化力下降.采取的防治措施有:①加强曲库卫生管理;②合理计划生产,减少酒曲库存;③制订并严格遵守制曲工艺;④诱光灯捕杀;⑤使用药剂防治,包括喷洒化学药剂、生物杀虫荆等.     

几种生物农药对南繁区草地贪夜蛾的室内毒力测定及田间药效试验

为筛选出适合南繁玉米育种区对草地贪夜蛾具有较强防效和灭杀的生物农药,基于科学指导生产实际,本试验采用生测法和喷雾法分别测定了6种生物农药对草地贪夜蛾的室内毒力和田间防效。试验表明,阿维菌素对草地贪夜蛾的3龄幼虫的毒力最高,其LC50值为0.89mg/L,其次为苏云金芽孢杆菌和短稳杆菌,LC50值分别为2.61×104cfu/mL和3.88×106cfu/mL。田间试验结果表明,用药3d和7d后,阿维菌素的防效均超过85%,分别为85.46%和89.12%,显著高于其他生物农药;其次为苏云金芽孢杆菌和白僵菌,用药3d后防效分别为64.12%和61.23%,用药7d后防效分别为70.35%和70.12%;短稳杆菌的防效超过50%,而甘蓝夜蛾NPV和绿僵菌防效仅在30%左右。综上,阿维菌素对南繁区草地贪夜蛾具有较好的控制效果,苏云金芽孢杆菌和白僵菌亦有良效,建议加以利用。     

大青叶对酒曲发酵影响的研究

该研究以大青叶作为辅料,探讨添加大青叶对酒曲发酵的影响。结果表明,添加大青叶使培养基质密度降低、基质疏松,有利于发酵过程的通气和传热,发酵后酸度下降。添加大青叶促进酒曲中霉菌的生长,但抑制细菌和酵母生长,并导致生物活性发生变化,影响效果与大青叶的添加量成正比,当添加量为9%时,糖化酶酶活提高4.24倍,液化酶活、发酵力、酯化力等分别下降30%、90%和80%。同时,添加大青叶使酒曲成品的挥发性成分明显增多,酯类物质从4种增加至8种,还增加了苯甲醇和多种高级脂肪酸、烷烃、烯烃、酰胺、醇等物质,这些新增物质将会对酒曲风味产生较大影响。     

球孢白僵菌高孢粉防治甘蔗害虫的田间应用

室内试验证实球孢白僵菌对甘蔗害虫有显著致病性效果,本文开展田间实验探索球孢白僵菌对甘蔗害虫的田间防治效果。田间实验分别用白僵菌(处理1)、白僵菌+杀虫双(处理2)、不喷施药剂(处理3)3个处理调查甘蔗枯心苗率和僵虫率。结果表明,不同处理的田块枯心苗率有显著性差异,处理1和处理2的甘蔗的枯心率显著低于处理3,然而处理1和处理2没有显著性差异。处理1和处理2均有僵虫出现,处理3没有僵虫出现。田间结果证实,使用白僵菌可有效减少枯心苗率。     

Laboratory evaluation of chemical-biological control of the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) in stored grains

The virulence of ten different fungal isolates of: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium lecanii and Paecilomyces farinosus to the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae was tested. A fungal mix of the most efficient isolates, B. bassiana ARSEF 5500+M. anisopliae ARSEF 2974, which caused the highest mortality, was assayed in combination with fenitrothion at a concentration lower (3 ppm) than the normal 6 ppm. Fungal inoculation of insects was done by spraying conidial suspensions of each fungus on wheat. Insecticide formulations were added by spraying wheat. Treated and untreated insects were incubated on durum wheat. Insects were kept in a climatized chamber for 30 days. Observations were performed at 7, 14 and 30 days to record insect mortality. Highly significant differences were demonstrated for B. bassiana 5500 and 5501 and for M. anisopliae 2974. The level of mortality produced by treatments was: 6 ppm insecticide=97.50%, B. bassiana ARSEF 5500+M. anisopliae ARSEF 2974+3 ppm insecticide=74.17%, B. bassiana ARSEF 5500+M.anisopliae ARSEF 2974=50% and 3 ppm insecticide=37.50%. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among treatments.     

白僵菌防治烟田小地老虎试验

观测了小地老虎的生活史,并用白僵菌对烟田小地老虎进行了防治试验。结果表明:云南省玉溪烟区小地老虎1年发生4代,以老龄幼虫和蛹在4~8cm土层中越冬;利用白僵菌防治烟田小地老虎效果显著,白僵菌对小地老虎的侵染死亡率在95%以上,校正死亡率为98.2%,施用白僵菌防治小地老虎的烟田中烟苗和烟株受害率显著下降。     

球孢白僵菌高孢粉对2种甘蔗螟虫幼虫的致病性研究

甘蔗条螟和甘蔗二点螟是为害甘蔗最重要的害虫。为探索一条可持续、环保型的新型防治方法,本文利用广谱杀虫性球孢白僵菌在室内对2种甘蔗螟虫开展生测实验。实验证明,侵染天数和侵染浓度均对2种害虫有显著性影响,各种浓度白僵菌对2种甘蔗螟虫均有致病效果,其中甘蔗二点螟幼虫相比甘蔗条螟更快被侵染并死亡,白僵菌对不同甘蔗害虫有显著性差异。本研究结果为白僵菌在甘蔗上的利用提供参考,以加快微生物生防技术在甘蔗害虫防治上的推进。     

温度对球孢白僵菌生物学特性的影响

研究了不同温度对球孢白僵菌生长的影响,结果表明在22~26℃温度范围内球孢白僵菌落个数随温度的升高而逐渐增多,在26℃时达到最大。随后随着温度的升高菌落个数逐渐降低。     

巨大口蘑挥发油化学成分及抑菌作用的研究

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取巨大口蘑(Macrocybe gigantean(Massee))的挥发油,应用气相色谱-质谱联用系统对其挥发油的化学成分进行了初步研究。以HP-1柱分离出32个峰,用质谱法鉴定出25个成分,主要有烷烃(31.74%)、酯类(19.01%)、醇类(4.86%)、脂肪酸类(1.77%)和烯烃等。用其挥发油进行抑菌试验,结果表明:用0.5mg/mL、1mg/mL、2mg/mL巨大口蘑挥发油处理大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、金黄色葡萄球菌(staphylococcus aureus),均有较强的抑制作用,与对照相比差异显著;三种浓度的挥发油对上述五种受试菌的抑制作用强弱顺序为:大肠杆菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>苏云金芽孢杆菌>沙门氏菌>金黄色葡萄球菌。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌防治法对大曲质量的影响

对苏云金杆菌防治大曲害虫过程的杀虫效果与大曲质量影响进行了研究。结果表明,利用苏云金杆菌毒杀大曲害虫,大曲的糖化力、液化力、发酵力与试验前相比略有下降,分别为7．8％,11．6％,8．0％;而对照组与试验前相比,3个指标明显下降了31．2％,29．2％,40．4％;对微生物的影响甚微。     

松萝酸的抑菌作用研究

研究松萝酸对金黄色葡萄球菌、短链芽孢杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、苏云金杆菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌作用,并将其抑菌效果与苯甲酸和山梨酸对比。结果表明,松萝酸的抑菌效果强于苯甲酸和山梨酸;对苏云金杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽杆菌、短链芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌的最小抑制浓度分别为0.500、0.557、0.557、0.525、1.76mg/ml,对它们的抑菌能力由大到小为：金黄色葡萄球菌＞短链芽孢杆菌＞枯草芽孢杆菌＞苏云金杆菌＞大肠杆菌。     

Rhyzopertha dominica adult mortalities after exposure to indigenous Beauveria bassiana isolates from stored-grain pests: Effects of certain factors in sampling process

In search for potential entomopathogenic fungi for microbial control of Rhyzopertha dominica, 75 Beauveria bassiana isolates previously recovered from stored-grain insects sampled in Adana and Mersin provinces of Turkey were tested and the mortality levels were used to evaluate possible effects of three sampling factors on encountering potential isolates. In the bioassays, twenty adults were exposed to 1000 ppm spores mixed into wheat kernels and adult mortalities after 14 days were used for statistical analysis. The relations between mortalities and 1) species of host insects from which isolates were obtained, 2) collection season –summer or autumn– of host insects from storage facilities, and 3) time of host insect's death –before or after collection– were evaluated. Considerable variations in mortalities were detected (13.67%–100%) depending on isolates. Amongst twelve Adana isolates, isolate 155657 caused the highest mortality. Eleven Mersin isolates were found to be effective against R. dominica. There was no correlation between R. dominica mortality and insect species from which isolates were obtained. Statistically, the frequency of potential isolates was higher in Adana samples collected in summer months compared to that in autumn months; however, sampling season did not have a significant effect in Mersin. The frequency of potential B. bassiana isolates was significantly higher when isolation was made from hosts that died in laboratory after sample collection compared to those isolated from hosts already dead at the time of collection. This study demonstrated that stored-grain insects are a good source of finding various B. bassiana isolates with different efficacy levels. At least for stored-grain insects, specifically sampling targeted species does not significantly increase the chance of finding highly potential isolates. However, retaining alive sampled insects can increase the likelihood of encountering isolates with high efficacy.     

Flexibility and strictness in functional replacement of domain III of cry insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis

Cry1C, one of the lepidopteran-specific insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, exhibits potent cytotoxicity against Sf9, an insect cell line. Cry1Aa and Cry4A, which are lepidopteran- and dipteran-specific insecticidal proteins, respectively, show no cytotoxicity against Sf9. When domain III of Cry1C was replaced with that of Cry1Aa or Cry4A, the hybrid Cry1C protein retained the cytotoxicity. These results suggest that domain III of Cry1C is not crucial in determining the cytocidal specificity of Cry1C against Sf9.