微波强化NaCl改性沸石的除氨氮效果研究

为改善天然沸石对水中氨氮的去除效果,采用微波强化NaCl活化对沸石进行改性,考察了微波加热时间、功率及活化方法的影响.结果表明,微波加热可疏通沸石内部孔道,NaCl活化能改善其离子交换性能;与经NaCl及NaCl+NaOH活化后的改性沸石相比,经89 W微波加热4min后再用饱和NaCl活化后的改性沸石,对氨氮的去除率提高了10%以上;改性沸石对氨氮的吸附速率显著加快,反应30 min时对氨氮的去除率可达80%,饱和吸附容量达到13.5 mg/g,高于天然沸石的吸附容量(10.11 mg/g).     

沸石和活性炭除氨氮、有机物的互补作用

研究了沸石与活性炭去除天然有机物和氨氮的效果以及二者在去除氨氮和有机物中的互补作用。结果表明：活性炭对有机物的吸附效果明显优于沸石，沸石则对进水氨氮峰值有很好的削减作用，而活性炭可保证对氨氮的稳定去除。沸石 活性炭工艺可以发挥沸石和活性炭的各自优势，能有效去除微污染源水中的氨氮和有机物。     

不同产地粉末状沸石去除水中低浓度氨氮性能比较

通过静态试验比较了不同产地粉末状沸石去除水中低浓度氨氮的性能。结果表明，不同产地粉末状沸石对氨氮的吸附性能差别较大，按吸附容量由高到低依次为：缙云沸石≈阜新沸石〉信阳沸石〉赤峰沸石；不同产地的粉末状沸石对氨氮的去除率达到最大时的pH值不同，缙云沸石和阜新沸石在pH值为6时对氨氮的去除率最高，信阳沸石和赤峰沸石则在pH值分别为8和10时最高。对沸石吸附前、后水中离子浓度的测定结果表明，沸石吸附氨氮不会增加水中有害离子的浓度，用于对饮用水的处理是可行的。     

改性4A沸石分子筛去除低温水中氨氮机理研究

针对北方严寒地区常规净水工艺在低温条件下难以解决水中氨氮超标问题,采用实验室自制改性4A沸石分子筛去除水中的氨氮,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对改性4A沸石分子筛进行表征,通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线、吸附热力学的研究探讨其吸附氨氮的机理。在温度为10℃时,改性4A沸石分子筛对氨氮的吸附数据与Lagergren准二级动力学模型拟合较好(R~20.998);对氨氮的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式方程;吸附热力学参数焓变ΔH=2.256 6 k J/mol,熵值ΔS=8.948×10~(-3)J/(mol·K),表明改性4A沸石分子筛吸附氨氮是自发反应的吸热过程。该研究成果可为北方严寒地区水厂去除低温水中氨氮提供技术支持。     

沸石在微污染水处理中的应用

在对沸石结构性能简要介绍的基础上,介绍了沸石在去除微污染水中氟、氨氮、苯、砷的实验研究,与活性炭结合去除水中微量有机物方面的应用及生物沸石反应器对微污染水源水的净化,认为应继续加大对各种天然沸石改性及加工工艺的研究,使其在水污染处理中得到更好的应用。     

沸石吸附水中氨氮的影响因素研究

考察了沸石对氨氮的吸附性能和影响因素,结果表明:适宜的沸石种类和粒径能快速吸附水中的氨氮,吸附时间越长,去除率越大,但吸附时间达到10 min以后,吸附速率明显减缓;水体越接近中性,氨氮去除效果越好;电导率也会影响沸石吸附氨氮的性能。     

沸石法去除生活污水中氨氮的研究

分别用沸石柱及沸石微生物柱处理生活污水中的氨氮,并研究沸石质量、pH值、吸附时间对沸石去除氨氮的影响.研究表明:沸石投加量越大,氨氮去除效果越好,沸石的吸附容量越小;pH值对氨氮的去除影响较大,pH在8附近时氨氮去除效果最好;随时间的延长能增加沸石对氨氮的去除.对于进水氨氮为60.34mg/L的生活污水,沸石柱去除效率最低可达77.43%,沸石微生物柱的去除效率最低可达87.32%.     

MK-GP型沸石分子筛对低浓度氨氮废水的吸附机制

以偏高岭土基地质聚合物为基本骨架,结合水热聚合反应生成具有晶体结构的沸石分子筛（MK-GP）,对该材料进行表征,并针对低浓度氨氮废水进行吸附实验,考察MK-GP型沸石分子筛对水中氨氮的去除特性。结果表明,当氨氮浓度为5～7 mg/L时,MK-GP型沸石分子筛的吸附与准二级动力学模型拟合较好,当温度为298 K时,吸附热力学参数ΔH=4.181 9 kJ/mol、ΔS=0.015 6J/（mol·K）,表明MK-GP型沸石分子筛去除氨氮是自发的吸热反应。该研究为低浓度氨氮废水的处理提供了一种绿色环保的新材料。     

沸石滤料对黄河原水的处理效果

就沸石和石英砂滤料对黄河原水的浊度，有机物，氨氮的去除效果及过滤中的水头损失情况进行了对比试验，结果表明，粒径为0.5-2mm的沸石对水中氨氮的去除效果明显优于同粒径的石英砂，对浊度，有机的稳定去除效果与石英砂基本相同，且水头损失小，运行周期长，是适宜的新型滤料。     

沸石生物滤池/混凝沉淀/超滤工艺处理微污染源水

微污染源水中的污染物以有机物和氨氮为主,采用传统工艺处理时其出水水质难以达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)的要求。将沸石作为生物滤池的填料,与混凝沉淀、超滤组合后用于处理微污染地表水,考察了其对污染物的去除效果。结果表明:该组合工艺对氨氮有较好的去除效果,出水氨氮在0.5 mg/L以下,去除率可达90%;对有机物也有较好的去除效果,出水CODMn在2 mg/L左右,去除率约为60%,出水水质达到了《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)的要求。该工艺对氨氮的去除主要由沸石生物滤池完成,而沸石生物滤池、混凝沉淀及超滤均能去除CODMn,贡献率分别为49.6%、30.9%、19.5%。     

Trace element concentrations in blood of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the Wadden Sea

Concentrations of 23 elements (Be, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sn, Pt, Pb) were evaluated in whole blood samples of live harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from two different locations in the Wadden Sea, the Lorenzenplate in Germany, and the Danish island R?m?. Elemental blood levels were compared to data from literature of seals, other marine mammals and humans. While homeostatically controlled elements showed no differences, concentrations of As, Cr, Mn, Mo, Se, and V were higher than human levels. Furthermore, animals from both locations showed significant geographical differences in whole blood concentrations of Al, Mn, Cu, and Pt. These findings could be explained by differences in feeding areas. The element pattern was not affected by gender. In conclusion, these findings indicate an impact of the environment on biochemical blood parameters of the harbor seals. The significant differences of elements in blood samples of two groups of seals, which were associated with geographical variations of prey support the use of element pattern in blood as tool for investigation of environmental impact on seals.     

广州人民公园使用状况评价报告

从使用者的角度出发,采用相关文献收集、现场观察、绘制草图、分析功能分区、收集管理部门的信息、记录使用者的活动和痕迹、对典型使用者进行访谈、数据整理等方法,对人民公园的使用做出系统评价,包括位置、尺度、视觉、使用和活动、微气候、入口和边界、交通、种植材料、场地家具等,从中归纳总结出广州人民公园改建使用后的状况.并在分析使用状况的基础上找出公园存在的问题和矛盾,就每个问题提出适当的设计或管理的改进意见并提交意向设计方案.     

高性能混凝土配合比设计及力学强度试验研究

为提高混凝土的抗压强度和抗冲磨强度,通过不同配合比对普通混凝土进行试验分析。通过试验得出:石粉、灰土和钢渣对混凝土的抗压强度影响并不显著。随着石粉比例的增多,混凝土的抗压强度几乎无明显变化;随着灰土比例的增高,混凝土的抗压强度会出现降低趋势;而随着钢渣比例的增多,混凝土的抗压强度也会出现下降趋势,但影响较小;水灰比对混凝土的抗压强度的变化具有显著性,而砂率和用水量比例则对抗压强度的影响不大。当水灰比逐渐增大时,混凝土的抗压强度逐渐减小;砂率比例逐渐增大时,混凝土的抗压强度无明显变化;用水量比例增多时,混凝土的抗压强度会逐渐上升,但影响较小;石粉、灰土和钢渣对混凝土的抗冲磨强度影响并不显著。随着石粉比例的增加,混凝土抗冲磨强度增大,当石粉比例逐渐增加时,混凝土抗冲磨强度明显增大;随着灰土比例的增多,混凝土的抗冲磨强度减小,并且随着时间的增加,其强度减小趋势便更加明显;随着钢渣比例的增加,混凝土的抗冲磨强度下降,但影响不大。通过试验结果得出最佳混凝土配合比,并通过分析高性能混凝土与混凝土的微观特征得出:普通混凝土内部结构疏松并且有大量的孔洞、分布排列杂乱;而高性能混凝土内部结构较为密集,孔洞较少,高性能混凝土水化后,Ca和Si含量最多,而这两种元素能够形成稳定的结构,因此使得高性能混凝土抗压强度和抗冲磨强度提高。     

景观型测量标志建设与保护模式探索

测量标志作为测绘基准的直接承载者,是国民经济、国防建设和科学研究的基础设施,是各项测绘工作的基础,同时也是人们认识测绘、了解测绘的直观媒介之一,地位与意义重大。长期以来,由于城市建设加剧、重视程度不够、宣传教育不充分、保护意识不强等原因,测量标志遭受破坏现象极其严重,同时现有的保护模式针对性不强、工作量大,导致效果甚微。本文以乐清市基础控制框架网建设为例,建成了8个集实用、观赏、科普、教育等为一体的景观型测量标志(框架网点),实现提升测绘基准、宣传测绘法律、普及测绘知识、传承测绘历史、弘扬测绘文化等效果,探索开启测量标志建设与保护新模式。     

基于“共轭理论”的工业遗存更新改造模式研究 ——以郑煤机地块更新改造为例

以“一五”项目之一的郑煤机老厂区更 新改造为例,结合我国工业遗产的研究现状, 引入“共轭理论”,通过对保护和开发的内在矛 盾梳理,构建工业遗产保护与发展的四种“共 轭模式”：历史和现代的文化共轭、生产和生活 的功能共轭、新增与旧有的空间共轭以及当地 和外来的人群共轭。根据四种共轭模式对郑煤 机老厂区进行改造,建立以文化、功能、空间和 人群的内在平衡。旨在探索一种既能保护工业 遗产,又能让其与城市发展相融合的共生模式, 为城市老工业区持续更新和有机演进提供研究 思路与方法。     

内蒙古阿拉善左旗塔尔岭铅锌矿地质特征及找矿标志

塔尔岭铅锌矿位于内蒙古阿拉善左旗北部,大地构造位于贺兰山被动陆缘盆地与阿拉善陆块结合部位,成矿带属于华北地台北缘成矿区香池子—沙拉苏沟成矿带,是Pb、Zn、Ag、Au、石墨等重要成矿区。矿体赋存于中-下奥陶统马家沟组构造蚀变带中,蚀变带宽约200 m,呈北东—南西向延伸,与赋矿地层产状基本一致。矿体呈透镜状、脉状产出,地表出露长度50～150 m,厚0. 2～7. 0 m。刻槽样分析结果显示,Pb品位为3. 20%～21. 27%,Zn品位为1. 79%～15. 25%,主要矿石矿物为方铅矿、闪锌矿、铅矾、锌华,伴有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、孔雀石等;脉石矿物主要为白云石、石英等。地球化学异常主要以Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag等中温元素异常为主,伴有W、Mo、Bi异常。激电异常表现为低阻高极化特征。通过对该区地质、地球化学及地球物理特征等综合分析,初步认为塔尔岭铅锌矿为构造热液型铅锌矿。     

大数据时代的智慧景区管理与服务探讨

大数据时代的到来使智慧景区的发 展既赢得机遇又面临挑战。本文旨在探讨智 慧景区如何在大数据背景下深化发展,首先从 “制定智慧景区发展规划、完善景区信息基 础设施、构建景区智慧应用体系”3个层面分 析“十二五”以来我国智慧景区的发展成就, 并从景区资源保护、业务管理和游客服务等3 个视角分析大数据、物联网、云计算背景下智 慧景区发展的困惑;然后论述智慧景区时空 大数据的内涵、类型与特点,明确景区时空大 数据包括2大类、10中类、30小类,具有多源 性、客观性、动态性、现势性和精细性等5个 突出特点;最后从景区资源保护的精明化、业 务管理的精细化、大众服务的精准化3个维 度,提出智慧景区发展的趋势。     

Active biomonitoring of element uptake with terrestrial mosses: a comparison of bulk and dry deposition

Moss (Scleropodium purum) transplants were used to study bioconcentration originating from dry and bulk deposition, by measuring the tissue contents of Al, As, Ca, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn. Furthermore, a laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the sequence of maximum concentration and affinity of Al, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn, in S. purum. We found that in many of the transplants, for the same period of exposure, higher levels of metals were accumulated via dry deposition than via bulk deposition. This result may be explained by the simple washing action of the rain on the surface of the moss, and by the existence of processes that provoke the loss of some of the accumulated elements: intercationic displacement and leaching caused by acid precipitation. Modelling of the final bioconcentration observed, as a balance of inputs and outputs of elements, revealed that this terrestrial moss does not integrate, but rather concentrates atmospheric deposition, and there exists a state of unstable equilibrium between inputs and outputs of elements, a state that is determined by the characteristics of the surrounding environment. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, we can conclude that at present, it is not possible to extrapolate the calibrations between the concentrations of elements accumulated in a certain species of moss to values of atmospheric deposition (bulk deposition) from one place to another with different environmental conditions.     

Concentrations of heavy metals and plant nutrients in water, sediments and aquatic macrophytes of anthropogenic lakes (former open cut brown coal mines) differing in stage of acidification.

Concentration of heavy metals (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) as well as macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) were measured in water, bottom sediments and plants from anthropogenic lakes in West Poland. The collected plants were: Phragmites australis, Potamogeton natans, Iris pseudoacorus, Juncus effusus, Drepanocladus aduncus, Juncus bulbosus, Phalaris arundinacea, Carex remota and Calamagrostis epigeios. Two reference lakes were sampled for Nymphaea alba, Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Typha angustifolia and Polygonum hydropiper. These plants contained elevated levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu and Mn, and part of the plants contained in addition elevated levels of Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn. Analyses of water indicated pollution with sulfates, Cd, Co, Ni. Zn, Pb and Cu, and bottom sediments indicated that some of the examined lakes were polluted with Cd, Co and Cr. Strong positive correlations were found between concentrations of Co in water and in plants and between Zn in sediments and plants, indicating the potential of plants for pollution monitoring for this metal. Heavy metal accumulation seemed to be directly associated with the exclusion of Ca and Mg.     

Elemental composition and source investigation of particulates suspended in the air of an iron foundry

In the workshop of an iron foundry suspended particulate matter was daily collected with stationary filtration systems, Andersen cascade impactors and personal samplers. During a two-week period, with a network of sixteen stationary samplers and personal samplers carried by three workers active in the different departments of the workshop, a survey was made of the levels. Some samples were also taken of the major emission sources in the foundry. All samples were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Data were obtained for 21 elements in all samples, while 15 additional elements could only be detected in the large majority of the samples. For visualisation and interpretation of the data computer programs for contour plotting, classification and clustering of the elements and the samples were applied. The size distribution, the air concentration profile delineation and the element clusters indicated the presence of three main groups of elements. The La-group, consisting of lithophilic elements such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sc, La, Ce and Eu and associated with large particles, is primarily generated by the pouring, shake-out and moulding process. The Fe-group, with elements such as V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Sb and Ba, originates primarily during fettling and shake-out. A few of these, Mn, Zn, As and Sb, are largely associated with fine particles. The elements Br and Cl, which are produced from burning pitch, are nearly evenly distributed throughout the room. The results allow estimates of the impact of the major emission sources on the entire workroom, and of some localized sources in their immediate vicinity. Suggestions for representative sampling locations and indicator elements are obtained from the results.