钕铁硼永磁合金的晶粒相互作用和矫顽力

钕铁硼永磁合金的矫顽力由单个晶粒的矫顽力和晶粒之间的相互作用决定。晶粒的矫顽力及其相互作用与晶粒取向有关。按照不同的矫顽力机制,晶粒的矫顽力及其角度关系有不同的表达式。晶粒相互作用可分为长程静磁相互作用和近邻晶粒的交换耦合相互作用。烧结磁体的交换作用影响很小,静磁相互作用影响较大,使晶粒混乱取向磁体的矫矫顽力大于晶粒理想取向磁体的矫顽力。综合考虑单个晶粒的矫顽力和不同取向晶粒之间的相互作用的影响。     

放电等离子烧结NdFeB磁体的磁化特征

利用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备烧结钕铁硼磁体SPS NdFeB。为了更好地理解SPS Nd-FeB磁体的磁硬化机理,利用振动样品磁强计研究了SPS NdFeB磁体在室温下的磁化和反磁化过程。结果表明,在强度为800kA/m的较低外加磁场和强度为1760kA/m的较高外加磁场下的磁化特征明显不同,前者可称为形核控制模式,后者则为钉扎控制模式。比较样品的磁化过程和反磁化过程的曲线,发现样品的矫顽力大小等于样品磁化过程钉扎场的大小。     

Use of paired, bonded NdFeB magnets in redox magnetohydrodynamics

Bonded neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets in a paired configuration were successfully used to control mass transport in redox-based, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Control of fluid flow based on magnetic fields has potential for use in portable lab-on-a-chip (LOAC) and analytical devices. Bonded magnets, composed of magnetic powder and organic binder materials, are less expensive and easier to fabricate and pattern than electromagnets and sintered permanent magnets, which have been previously used in MHD studies on electrochemical systems. The ability to pattern bonded magnets near and around the electrodes is expected to allow for better control over the magnetic field distribution and solution flow. Current was generated at an 800-microm-radius platinum disk electrode in a solution of 0.06 M nitrobenzene and 0.5 M tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate in acetonitrile. Increases in limiting current in the presence of the magnetic field, which indicate enhancement in mass transport, for sintered (210+/-14%, N = 4, where B(r) = 1.23 T and magnetic field strength is 0.55 T) and bonded (94+/-8%, N = 4, where B(r) = 0.41 T and magnetic field strength is 0.20 T) magnets, were similar to those obtained using an electromagnet with the same magnetic flux densities. The magnetic field strength and not the magnet type is important in controlling fluid flow, which is encouraging for integration of bonded permanent magnets into LOAC devices.     

High Energy and High Coercivity Sintered NdFeB Magnets by Low Oxygen Process

1. IntroductionSince NdFeB magnets were discovered[ll, theirmagnetic performance has been improved by many researchers. The maximum energy product of sinteredNdFeB magnets has been increased from 240 kJ/m'to 430 kJ/m' by Kaneko et al.[2] in 1993. The maximtun energy product commercially available todayis close to 358 kJ/m'. Because of this high performance of NdFeB products, the applications have increased enormously in the last decade. For example,hard disk drivers (HDD), magnetic reso…     

Properties improvement and structural optimization of sintered NdFeB magnets by non-rare earth compound grain boundary diffusion

Grain boundary diffusion using rare earth (RE)-containing compounds has recently become an effective approach for improving the coercivity and reducing the heavy RE content in sintered NdFeB magnets. Here we report the enhancement of magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of NdFeB magnets by a non-RE compound diffusion process. The Dy-free sintered NdFeB magnets were coated with an MgO layer by magnetron sputtering, followed by solid diffusion heat treatment. With the successful diffusion of MgO into the magnet, the coercivity increasing from 1094 to 1170 kA/m and the maximum energy product increasing from 240 to 261 kJ/m³, together with the enhanced temperature stability and corrosion resistance, have been demonstrated. The underlying mechanisms for these enhancements have been analyzed. Microstructural investigations show that MgO entered mainly into the intergranular regions and modified the composition and structure of the grain boundary phase. The intergranular Nd–O–Fe–Mg phases observed in the MgO diffused magnet contribute to the improved performance. The current non-RE compound grain boundary diffusion process has significance in further minimizing the use of rare earth (RE).     

放电等离子烧结NdFeB磁体的氧化和腐蚀行为

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了新型NdFeB磁体,研究了NdFeB磁体在湿热环境下的氧化行为和在电解质溶液中的电化学特性.在扫描电子显微镜下分析了磁体的显微组织结构和成分.结果表明,与传统烧结NdFeB磁体相比,新型磁体的显微组织特征为:主相Nd2Fe14B晶粒细小、均匀,富钕相在主相晶粒边界上分布较少,主要集中在三角晶界处.这种组织结构有效抑制了磁体沿富钕相发生的晶间腐蚀的过程,使磁体具有良好的耐腐蚀性能.     

Precipitation in NdFeB-type magnet materials

The microstructure of sintered magnets and melt-spun samples made from Nb-containing (Nd,Dy)FeB material has been investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Comparison of the sintered specimens with NdDyFeB and NdFeB magnets revealed the existence of two additional phases. One of these is an Fe2Nb Laves compound. The second additional phase takes the form of small Nb-containing coherent precipitates within the main Nd2Fe14B grains. In the sintered magnet these particles ranged in size from 20-50 nm. Melt-spun ribbon contained a dispersion of smaller inclusions, typically 5-10 nm in diameter. The presence of these precipitates may be related to the enhanced coercivity found in the magnet and melt-spun samples.     

The properties of aluminium coating on sintered NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

Pure aluminium coating was deposited on sintered NdFeB magnets by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering to improve the corrosion resistance. The corrosion behaviour of sintered NdFeB coated with aluminium was characterized by potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The adhesive strength between the aluminium coating and the sintered NdFeB was characterised by vertical tensile test and high-low temperature shock test. The influence of the coating on the magnetic properties of the sintered NdFeB was also characterised. It was found that the aluminium coating can improve the corrosion resistance of the sintered NdFeB evidently. The aluminium coating was well adhesive with the substrate and did not deteriorate the magnetic properties of the sintered NdFeB magnets. These two characters may overcome the disadvantages of NiCuNi coating which is usually electroplated on NdFeB in industry.     

添加润滑剂对烧结钕铁硼磁体性能的影响

研究了烧结钕铁硼永磁材料的粉末流动性及添加润滑剂对粉末流动性与磁体取向度和磁性能的影响.结果表明:影响松装状态磁粉流动性的主要因素是粉末颗粒团聚,影响密实磁粉流动性的主要因素是颗粒间的摩擦力.添加适量的润滑剂可以防止粉末颗粒团聚、明显地减小摩擦力,改善粉末流动性,提高磁体的取向度、剩磁与磁能积.采用添加润滑剂和橡皮模等静压制成型工艺,批量生产的烧结钕铁硼磁体性能达到:Br=1.457 T,jHc=1148 kA/m(14.43 kOe),(BH)max=408 kJ/m3(51.3 MGOe).     

退火处理对烧结Nd-Fe-B永磁体磁性能的影响

本文研究了Nd Fe B材料的低温退火处理,普通商品化生产的N35磁体在3Pa真空度、492℃条件下对普通钕铁硼退火处理1h,其矫顽力Hc和最大磁能积(BH)max值均有较大幅度的提高。     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Ce-Doped NdFeB Ribbons

The substitution for Nd by abundant element cerium (Ce) is a practical way for the comprehensive utilization of rare earth resources in NdFeB permanent magnets. In this letter, we have prepared the Ce-doped NdFeB ribbons and conventional NdFeB ribbons by melt quenching method and investigated the effects of heat treatment on the crystallization behavior, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the alloy. The results show that: (1) The crystallization behavior and the microstructural changes of the (Nd,Ce)FeB magnets are similar to the conventional NdFeB magnet when heat treatment. In addition, the Ce₂Fe₁₄B phase has a significant effect on the properties of the whole magnets. (2)The NdFeB phase and CeFeB phase are relatively close to each other after being precipitated from the amorphous phase. The coupling effect between the two phases is strong enough to weaken the effect of the addition of Ce and making the properties of the NdFeB magnets to not reduce too much after adding Ce.     

烧结NdFeB磁体的晶粒取向和矫顽力的角度关系

本文研究了烧结ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体的晶粒取向矣矫顽力的影响和矫顽力的角度关系，结果表明：晶粒的混乱取向使矫顽力上升而不是下降，矫顽力的发动场理论比成核机制和钉扎机制与实验结果符合更好。     

High Performance Sintered NdFeB Magnet

The mass production process of NdFeB magnets with energy≤MGOe and jHc≥ kOe is based on the following technological advancement: (1) effectively controlling oxygen content to less than 2000 ppm. (2) advancement of the melting technology of NdFeB alloy. (3) obtaining of a finer microstructure of the magnet. (4) finding of a new route to enhance the jHc of NdFeB magnets.     

Anisotropic Fracture Behavior of Sintered Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets

Sintered rare-earth permanent magnets (for example, Sm$_2$Co$_17$, SmCo$_5$, and Nd$_2$Fe$_14$B magnets) are quite brittle and easily crack in the course of fabrication, machining, and application. Here, we report on an investigation of fracture behavior and mechanical characteristics of sintered rare-earth permanent magnets and discuss the origin of rare-earth magnet brittleness. We studied three groups of bending specimens with different orientations, cut from the same block of magnet. The bending strength was measured. The fracture surfaces were carefully observed by scanning electron microscopy and showed that the fracture behavior and bending strength of sintered rare-earth permanent magnets obviously exhibit anisotropy. Sintered Sm–Co magnets tend to cleavage fracture in the close-packed ($0001$) plane or in the ($10bar11$) plane. The fracture mechanism of sintered Nd$_2$Fe$_14$B magnet appears to be mainly intergranular fracture. Our analysis indicates that the anisotropy of fracture behavior and mechanical strength of sintered rare-earth magnets is caused by the strong crystal-structure anisotropy and grain texture created by magnetic field alignment during the fabrication process.     

Demagnetization Process and Coercivity for Anisotropic HDDR NdFeB Bonded Magnets

Research Notes1. IlltroductionThe NdFeB magnetic powders produced by theHDDR (hydrogenat ion- deco mp os it ion- desorp t ionrecombination) process commonly are magneticallyisotropic. Takeshita[1] and MatzingerI2] et al. pointedout that the addition of a little Zr, Ga can inducemagnetic anisotropy for HDDR Nd(Fe,Co)B powders. In this paper, the dependence of the remanentpolarization Jr, the intrinsic coercivity jH.= and themagnetic inductive coercivity l,Hc for HDDR NdFeCoBGa bond…     

Direct-write 3D printing of NdFeB bonded magnets

We report a method to fabricate Nd–Fe–B (NdFeB) bonded magnets of complex shape via extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D-printing. We have successfully formulated a 3D-printable epoxy-based ink for direct-write AM with anisotropic MQA NdFeB magnet particles that can be deposited at room temperature. The new feedstocks contain up to 40 vol.% MQA anisotropic NdFeB magnet particles, and they are shown to remain uniformly dispersed in the thermoset matrix throughout the deposition process. Ring, bar, and horseshoe-type 3D magnet structures were printed and cured in air at 100°C without degrading the magnetic properties. This study provides a new pathway for fabricating NdFeB bonded magnets with complex geometry at low temperature, and presents new opportunities for fabricating multifunctional hybrid structures and devices.     

Positron Annihilation Behaviors and Magnetic Properties of Single-ph.ase Nd2Fe14B and Nanocomposite

Positron annihilation behaviors have been studied in the single phase Nd2Fe14B magnet and the nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe magnet, prepared by melt spinning. The results showed that the number of vacancy-cluster at grain boundaries increases with increasing annealing temperature for the both types of magnets. The increase of this kind of defect can improve the coercivity of the single-phase magnet. Conversely, the increase of vacancy-cluster amount leads to decreasing of the coercivity for the nanocomposite magnet. It implies that the mechanism of dominant magnetic hardening for the two types of magnets is different, and the domain walls pinning mechanism in the single-phase magnet and the reversal magnetization nucleation mechanism in the nanocomposite magnet operate, respectively.     

NdFeB/酚醛树脂原位复合材料研究

采用原位聚合法制备了NdFeB/酚醛树脂(PF)母料,并进一步制备了粘结磁体.采用红外分析了NdFeB/PF母料的结构,并用多种方法对粘结磁体的磁性能和力学性能进行了研究.研究表明:在原位制备过程中,PF的聚合倾向于在NdFeB的表面进行,形成PF包覆的NdFeB,NdFeB磁粉进入了PF的生成体系,形成了海岛结构.比较三种工艺制备的磁体综合性能可知,采用NdFeB/PF母料粉料作粘结剂制备的磁体的综合性能最好.     

烧结NdFeB永磁体化学镀镍前的酸洗工艺研究

对NdFeB永磁体化学镀镍前的不同酸洗处理工艺进行了试验,并对不同酸洗工艺获得的镀层结合力和耐蚀性进行了测定比较.结果表明,经硝酸与氢氟酸混合酸液酸洗后的试样具有较平整的表面,在此表面上得到的镀层经高压锅及锉刀试验证明具有良好的结合力,浸泡试验检测表明其具优良有的耐蚀性.     

Positron Annihilation Behaviors and Magnetic Properties of Single-phase Nd2Fe14B and Nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B／α- Fe Magnets

Positron annihilation behaviors have been studied in the single phase Nd2Fe14B magnet and the nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe magnet, prepared by melt spinning. The results showed that the number of vacancy-cluster at grain boundaries increases with increasing annealing temperature for the both types of magnets. The increase of this kind of defect can improve the coercivity of