窄带随机激励下三稳态压电俘能器的动力学特性与实验研究

本文研究了窄带随机激励下三稳态压电俘能器的动力学输出特性.首先,建立了非线性三稳态压电俘能器的分布参数型机电耦合运动方程,并基于多尺度法推导得到系统运动方程响应的解析解以及一阶、二阶稳态矩的表达式.其次,分析了磁铁间距、噪声强度和激励幅值等参数对系统稳态响应的影响.研究结果表明,在一定参数范围内,随着噪声强度的增加,压电振动俘能器会经历阱内振动、阱间振动甚至大轨道周期运动,以表现出单稳态、双稳态和三稳态特性;改变磁铁水平间距和竖直间距构造三稳态压电俘能器,其振动幅值和采集电压相较于双稳态明显提高.最后,通过实验比较了压电俘能器在不同位形时的采集性能,结果表明了三稳态压电俘能器的优越性,为窄带随机激励下的非线性振动俘能器的设计提供一定的理论依据.     

直角复合梁压电俘能器多方向能量收集

提出了一种可进行多方向能量收集的直角复合梁压电俘能器。使用有限元分析法得到了直角复合梁压电俘能器的功率频响曲线,并与常规复合梁压电俘能器进行了发电能力比较研究,随后参数化分析了金属主梁长度和附加质量对直角复合梁输出功率的影响关系。结果表明,相比于常规的复合梁,直角复合梁压电俘能器可以进一步减小两个谐振频率之间的距离,并且在两个激励方向（x向和z向）有较高的峰值功率密度。x方向激励时,通过合理调节金属主梁长度和末端质量,直角复合梁压电俘能器可以得到两个更接近的峰值功率密度;z方向激励时,随着金属主梁长度和末端质量的增加,直角复合梁压电俘能器的峰值功率密度增加。     

具有时滞反馈控制的双稳态压电-电磁式俘能器的随机动力学

本文研究了色噪声激励下具有时滞反馈控制的双稳态压电-电磁混合式俘能器的动力学特性.首先,建立了非线性双稳态压电-电磁俘能器的集中参数型机电耦合运动方程,并基于能量包线随机平均法推导得到系统稳态概率密度函数和平均输出功率表达式,通过蒙特卡洛数值方法验证了理论解的正确性.其次,分析了时滞和反馈增益系数对系统输出功率的影响.研究结果表明：在一定参数范围内,随着位移时滞与速度时滞的增加,输出功率出现周期性变化,并在特定的时滞与反馈增益组合下达到最大值;调节反馈增益系数可以改变输出功率的相位和大小.说明通过合理地设置时滞反馈控制可以提高俘能器的采集功率,为随机激励下非线性振动俘能器的设计和优化提供一定的理论依据.     

新型双方向压电俘能装置设计与实验研究

研究了一种新型的双方向压电俘能器,简化拾振器结构,利于压电俘能装置的产品化.采用矩形压电晶片和悬臂梁结构对双方向压电俘能器结构进行设计;研究了附加质量对压电俘能器发电性能的影响.通过实验方法测试了新型的双方向压电俘能器在不同环境激励下的发电性能,结果表明:压电振子的固有频率与自由端附加质量成反比,在进行主副压电振子附加质量选取时,根据外界环境激励的频率范围,选取最容易激发压电振子共振的附加质量,使得主压电振子与副压电振子分别与激励频率产生共振,实现产生电能最大化.     

风致驰振型压电-电磁复合俘能器等效电路建模及参数影响分析

为了研究与标准直流接口电路相连的风致驰振型压电-电磁复合俘能器的发电性能,建立了风致驰振型压电-电磁复合俘能器的等效电路模型,利用电路仿真软件仿真分析了接口电路串联和并联配置、激励风速和负载电阻对压电-电磁复合俘能器输出功率的影响关系.结果表明,俘能器起振后,直流接口并联连接比串联连接具有更高的功率输出.对于并联接口电路,在低负载阻抗区,压电-电磁复合俘能具有比单一压电和单一电磁俘能更高的输出功率;在高负载阻抗区,压电-电磁复合俘能与单一压电俘能的输出功率相当,电磁俘能表现出对高阻抗负载的不适用性.本文参数化分析结果有助于理解连接标准直流接口电路的压电-电磁复合俘能器发电性能.     

非线性压电振动能量采集器的振动特性与实验研究

为了提高线性压电振动能量采集器的输出特性,在线性压电振动能量采集器悬臂梁末端引入Duffing非线性磁力,构造了一种双稳态非线性压电振动能量采集器;综合考虑能量采集器的动态振型与轴向应变分布情况,建立了系统非线性机电耦合集总参数运动控制模型,并利用4阶、5阶Runge-Kutta算法对能量采集器的非线性振动特性进行了数值模拟;利用谐波平衡法计算获得了能量采集器的幅频响应方程,数值分析了激励频率、激励幅值以及磁铁间距等对系统非线性振动特性的影响,发现双稳态运动可以极大地提高能量采集器的频率响应范围和能量采集效率,并且能量采集器在低频、低幅值激励情况下可以产生大幅值周期运动;最后,通过实验对数值计算结果进行了验证.     

移动车辆桥梁系统中的振动能量获取

本文对移动车辆作用下桥梁系统的振动能量俘获进行了研究.将车辆模型简化为车轮--弹簧--阻尼器--簧上车身质量体系,桥梁简化为对边简支对边自由板模型,压电俘能结构采用粘贴有压电晶体材料的悬臂梁并在其末端附加一质量块.对于这个耦合动力学模型,首先,通过板壳振动理论推导出了移动车辆作用下板的运动微分方程;其次,根据欧拉伯努利梁振动理论和基尔霍夫第一定律得到了以桥梁振动响应作为激励的悬臂梁动力学--压电耦合方程;最后,对耦合运动微分方程进行了求解并对其数值模拟结果进行了分析.结果表明:采用设计的压电俘能结构可以有效地收集桥梁系统的振动能量,而压电装置的位置、压电梁的厚度、集中质量、车辆速度对压电俘能效率都有一定影响.     

微型双稳态板压电俘能器的仿真研究

基于中间固定、四边自由的微型压电层合板模型,应用应变梯度理论考虑其尺寸效应,借助ABAQUS用户自定义子程序(UEL)模块自定义了一种三维八节点的微型压电单元.利用有限元法热-力-电耦合分析对微型双稳态板压电俘能器进行了仿真研究,发现其在不同的激振频率下存在不同的变形状态,非线性动态分析显示该结构在其一阶固有频率之前也能俘获较多电能,且存在多态转换交替出现的现象.针对该微型双稳态压电俘能器,给出了其最佳的工作频率和最大俘获电压.研究成果对微型压电俘能器的设计分析和性能检测具有重要的指导意义.     

基于滚压的压电叠堆压电转换特性仿真分析

本文提出一种基于滚压的压电俘能器结构,结合Cymbal压电换能器和压电振子叠堆,利用滚珠作为激励源,可以把机构的往复振动转换为对压电振子的单向压迫.使用仿真软件对俘能器结构中滚珠压迫压电单元的力,以及该俘能器结构在并联和串联模式下输出的电压和俘获的电能进行仿真分析,得到该结构的压电转换特性.仿真结果表明,滚珠对压电叠堆的压迫力与压电陶瓷层数并不是单向递减,1-5层时递增,5层以后压迫力逐渐减小.在压电陶瓷的总层数不变的情况下,并联和串联时压电叠堆所俘获的总电能是不变的.两种联接模式下总电能随层数的变化关系为5层以内时随层数的增加而减小,超过5层后逐渐增加.     

基于梯形回环的低频双晶压电俘能器特性分析

针对如何实现微机电系统器件长时间供能已成为亟待解决的问题,提出了一种基于梯形回环的低频双晶压电俘能器,建立了ANSYS有限元分析模型,对其进行了静态分析、模态分析和谐响应分析,将梯形回环俘能器的特性和矩形回环俘能器的特性进行比较。仿真结果表明,在相同发电面积和相同结构的情况下,基于梯形回环的压电俘能器的输出电压比传统的矩形回环的压电俘能器电压提高了115%;引入边峰抑制比(SPI)来衡量其宽频俘能能力,梯形回环双晶压电俘能器宽频能力较传统的矩形回环压电俘能器提高了5%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.