贝氏体中脊形貌特征研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜较详细地研究了中碳低合金铸钢铸态具有中脊的贝氏体形态和中脊特征,探讨了中脊贝氏体的相变机制;中脊是与基体贝氏体衬度不同的单相贝氏铁素体,类似片状马氏体切变形核、快速长大,第一片中脊可贯穿整个晶粒.     

Fe－C合金贝氏体铁素体的相变基元与类马氏体形貌贝氏体的形成SCIEI

本文从多方面研究观察再次证实贝氏体铁素体相变基元的存在，相变基元为切变相变基元，并提出其形态示意图。在Ｆｅ－Ｃ合金中，本文观察到正三角型、交叉型、“Ｎ”型和蝴蝶型类马氏体形貌贝氏体。在交叉型贝氏体中，发现基元相对滑移的、相互脱节的、形成“束腰”的和互换生长取向的交叉型贝氏体，交叉效应直接体现于相变基元的活动行为，相应提出其活动行为示意图。导致交叉的应力场是切变相变剪切应力集中应力场，贝氏体交叉的形成是切变应力－应变诱发贝氏体转变的结果。在应变诱发贝氏体转变时，相变驱动力的补偿与奥氏体所发生的真实应变的平方成正比，两贝氏体铁素体碰撞非常猛烈，承认其形成方式为切变型可得到说明。     

Cu－Zn－Al合金初生态贝氏体的台阶普遍性

利用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）观察了三种不同成分的Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金在不同等温温度（２５０，３００，３５０℃）下形成的贝氏体的显微结构．结果发现，三种合金在不同温度形成的贝氏体初生态的宽面及端面均存在三维形态的台阶，但无层错亚结构，表明台阶在Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金贝氏体中是普遍存在的，贝氏体的生长属扩散控制的台阶长大机制．     

Cu—Zn—Al合金初生态贝氏体的台阶普遍性

利用透电镜（ＴＥＭ）观察了三种不同成分的Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金在不同等温温度（２５０，３００，３５０℃）下形成的贝氏体的显微结构，结果发现，三种合金在不同温度形成的贝氏体初生态的宽面及端面均存在三维形态的台阶，但无层错来结构，表明台阶在Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金贝氏体中是普遍存在的，贝氏体的生长属扩散控制的台阶长大机制。     

Cu-Al合金贝氏体相变热力学

对x_(Al)=0.24合金贝氏体相变的两种机制的相变驱动力ΔG~(p_1→a’)及ΔG~(β_1→β_2~(+a))进行了热力学计算,结果表明,在贝氏体相变温度范围680—750K内,ΔG~(β_1→α’)>0,这说明贝氏体相变的开始不可能按β_1→α’的切变型机制进行,在700K只产生5%的α时,α的成分至少降到x_(Al)~α=0.204,才能使ΔG~(β_1→β_2~(+α))<0,而在750K,则至少需满足x_(Al)~α≤0.209,才有ΔG~(β_1→β_2~(+α))<0,说明贝氏体相变须按β_1→β_2+α扩散型机制进行,且转变温度不同,所需扩散量也不同。     

Cu-Zn-Al合金贝氏体相变的动力学特征

以膨胀及金相测定确立了Cu-Zn-Al合金由马氏体态加热和经高温母相冷却时,其贝氏体形成的TTT图和动力学曲线.证明贝氏体相变的动力学特征符合Austin-Rickett方程,由马氏体加热形成贝氏体时n值为2.25,经高温冷却时n为1.80;形成贝氏体的激活能约为110kJ·mol~(-1),与溶质原子的扩散激活能相当.     

Fe-Cr-Mo,Fe-Cr-W合金中的过渡R相SCIEI

研究了Fe-Cr-Mo、Fe-Cr-W合金的时效析出过程,发现在时效初期、两合金系中均有过渡R相析出,过渡R相为菱形点阵,α=0.9075nm,α=74.45°,其成分在Fe-Cr-Mo合金中为Pe-(27.5—34.9)Mo-(0—25.5)Cr,在Fe-Cr-W合金中为Fe-(28.9—33.0)W-(9.36—21.0)Cr(at.-%),时效后期,过渡R相分别向平衡相μ相、Laves相、χ相及σ相转变。     

高纯度Fe—C—Mo合金贝氏体相变和形貌特征

研究了高纯度Ｆｅ－０．０６％Ｃ－１．８％Ｍｏ和Ｆｅ－０．１９Ｃ－１．８１％Ｍｏ合金恒温贝氏体转变。结果表明，５５０－５８０℃转变是完全的。两种合金分别在６００℃和５８５℃左右保温时，转变中途会出现暂时停滞现象，而后恢复并加快转变。两合金ＴＴＴ图均有一明显稳定区。７５０℃保温形成铁素体和平行于奥氏体晶界的片状或杆状碳化物沉淀。７００－６００℃保温在较高碳量和钼量形成少量节瘤状贝氏体，７００℃保温转变     

MIDRIB AND LEDGE OF BAINITE IN A Cu-Zn-Al-Mn ALLOY

The bainitic transformation in a Cu-Zn-Al-Mn alloy has been examined with TEM.The re-sults show that the stacking faults and also the bainitic midrib are found at the beginning ofbainite formation in the alloy.The stacking fault planes can pass continuously through themidrib in bainite.The growth ledges occur at the broad faces and rims of bainite.The broadand narrow faces of th ledges are parallel to the fault plane and habit plane respectively.Boththeir Miller indices are {110}_(B2).The moving direction of ledges is parallel to the fault plane.It may be deduced that the bainite in alloy are initially formed by shear and the process ofgrowth are go verned by propagation o f fault planes.     

Fe－Ni合金贝氏体长大原位观察

利用透射电镜观察了Ｆｅ—３０ｗｔ—％Ｎｉ合金贝氏体铁素体／奥氏体界面结构，并利用透射电镜高温样品台对贝氏体铁素体台阶长大进行了原位动态观测。结果表明，铁素体呈台阶长大形态，在铁素体／奥氏体宽面上存在Ｂｕｒｇｅｒｓ矢是为［１１１］ｂ型的刃型错配位错，铁素体台阶的增厚速率与按Ｚｅｎｅｒ—Ｈｉｌｌｅｒｔ方程计算结果相符。为关于贝氏体生长台阶长大机制提供实验证据。     

LEDGE STRUCTURE ON BROAD FACES OF FERRITE PLATES IN LOWER BAINITE

The ferrite/austenite interfacial structure in lower bainite has been studied in ahypereutectoid steel by means of electron microscopy.It is found that the mobile growthledges and superledges and their three-dimensional morphologies exist on the broad faces offerrite plates.Structural ledges were also observed on the broad faces of lower bainite.Basedon TEM observations,the viewpoint that the growth ledges can also evolve from structuralledges is proposed.These observations provide evidences to the ledge growth mechanism oflower bainite.     

下贝氏体铁素体宽面上的台阶结构

采用透射电镜技术研究高碳钢下贝氏体铁素体与母相奥氏体界面结构,发现铁素体宽面上存在可移动的生长台阶、巨型台阶以及它们的三维形态;在下贝氏体铁素体宽面上还存在结构台阶,生长台阶也可以由结构台阶演变而来,为下贝氏体的台阶生长机制提供了实验证据。     

Cu-Zn-Al合金贝氏体的亚单元及其激发形核、台阶生长

利用透射电镜(TEM)观察到Cu-Zn-Al合金贝氏体的亚单元结构，其形状、大小及分布规律与扫描隧道显微分析(STM)的结果一致，亚单元上有台阶存在，表明它们是通过台阶机制生长的，亚单元是通过激发形核的，观察到三种类型的激发方式：面-面激发、边-边激发及边-面激发，Cu-Zn-Al合金的贝氏体相变为激发形核-台阶生长过程。     

ORDERING OF BAINITE IN A Cu-Zn-Al ALLOY

The ordering of bainite is studied and compared with that of martensite in a Cu-20Zn-6Al(wt—％) alloy by X-ray analysis. Experilnental results show that in contrast with the diffraction pattern for 9R or 18R martensite, in which the (115) diffraction peak is distinguishable from the (■ 0 5), and the (1 2 10) from the (2 0 10), the (1 1 5) and (■ 0 5) or the (1 2 10) and (■0 10) diffraction peaks in the bainites formed from high temperature B2 or low temperature L2 parent phase overlap, and these phenomena do not change after prolonged aging or slow-cooling. The bainite structure is quite different from that of the martensite, i. e., the inheritance of the ordering of the parent phase would not occur, during bainite formation.     

贝氏体精细结构的透射电镜观察

使用ＴＥＭ研究了钢中贝氏体的精细结构、碳化物形貌及分布和Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金中贝氏体的形貌。采用ＨＲＥＭ观察了Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金的界面结构台阶和晶面晶格像。结果表明：加入微量元素可以使贝氏体铁素体组织明显细化。贝氏体铁素体由亚单元或亚块组成，碳化物形貌这五，分布在条间、片内和亚块边界。贝氏体铁素体内有大量的精细组织。Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金初生贝氏体有台阶存在，界面结构台阶高度３－４０ｎｍ，相当于１     

Cu－Zn合金中贝氏体及平衡相的加厚和剪切应力场

用高温电镜原位观察了Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ合金中贝氏体及平衡相的加厚过程．贝氏体的加厚具有明显的层错切变性质，经长时间等温后，贝氏体退比为平衡相，其加厚表现出体扩散加厚的特性．动力学计算表明贝氏体与平衡相的加厚均不符合体扩散控制的台阶机制．     

A MASSIVE TRANSFORMATION MECHANISM IN Ti-48Al ALLOY

ＡＭＡＳＳＩＶＥＴＲＡＮＳＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＩＮＴｉ－４８ＡｌＡＬＬＯＹ￥ＷｅｎＣｕｉｅ；ＬｉｎＪｉａｎｇｕｏ；ＣｈｅｎＣｈａｎｇｑｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｂｅｉｊｉ...     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND REVERSE SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT IN A Cu-Zn-Al ALLOY

The bainite structure in a Cu-Zn-A1 alloy related to the reverse shape memory effect hasbeen observed by means of TEM.The reverse memory effect may be improved by up to oneorder of magnitude under applied constraint stress.The widespread propagation of bainite wasconfirmed to be the diffusion controlled shear process by the parabolic configuration of sideinterface of bainite plate and the twisting of intersected bainite plates.