镁合金液相等离子体电解渗硼技术的研究

采用液相等离子体电解渗透硼技术处理AZ91D镁合金,从表面改性层厚度、X-射线衍射物相分析、维氏硬度及耐蚀性等方面对渗硼效果进行了分析.结果表明,经过液相等离子体渗硼技术处理后,AZ91D镁合金试样表面主要为Mg(BO2)2、MgC2等物质,耐蚀性明显提高,硬度显著增加,最高可达82.04 HV.     

稀土催渗下的20MnSi钢渗硼工艺研究

本文以20MnSi钢为基材,对其进行稀土催渗下的固体粉末渗硼工艺研究.结果表明,稀土-硼共渗下20MnSi钢可形成连续针齿状形貌特征的硼化物层,其物相为单一Fe2B相.提高渗硼温度可明显增加渗层厚度,为获得良好的渗硼效果,应在较高渗硼温度进行为宜.随渗硼时间增加,渗硼层厚度先较快增加,后缓慢增加,渗层厚度与时间符合抛物线规律.稀土添加量较高或较低均对渗硼速度不利,存在一个最佳稀土添加量(10％左右),使催渗效果最好.     

20钢熔盐脉冲电解渗硼层的组织及耐蚀性能

采用熔盐脉冲电解法在20钢表面制备出渗硼层,与其它渗硼方法所得渗层的组织形貌进行了对比,并对所得渗层的耐蚀性及其机理进行了研究。结果表明,熔盐脉冲电解渗硼法比其它方法温度低、耗时短,渗硼效率高,所得渗层较厚,组织致密,呈梳齿状嵌入基体,与基体结合牢固。渗硼层耐硫酸、盐酸和氯化钠腐蚀,不耐硝酸腐蚀。     

模具钢在假液化层内扩散渗硼、渗硼铜和渗硼铬

研究了模具钢在假液化层内扩散渗硼、渗硼铜和渗硼铬的过程。现已表明，应用假液化层可大大强化化学热处理过程。进行了模具钢的渗硼、渗硼铜和渗硼铬研究，目的是获得高耐磨性的模具钢表面。     

模具的表面处理技术

本文介绍了模具表面处理技术固体硼氮共渗的渗剂、工艺参数、共渗后的组织与性能及其在模具上的应用。固体硼氮共渗剂由供硼剂、供氮剂,活化剂、填充剂组成,工艺简单,便于实施,是一种可获得渗层性能好的化学热处理方法。通过固体硼氮共渗使模具表面获得了可靠稳定的硼氮共渗层,渗层由硼化物层（Fe2B、FeB）和过渡层组成,渗后可获得高硬度的硼化物层,渗层具有高的耐磨性、良好的耐热、耐蚀性。硼氮共渗技术应用任摸具的制造上可使模具的使用寿命大幅度提高。     

碳钢固相渗铬的研究

本文研究了在碳钢表面固相渗铬的工艺及原理,用金相显微镜、显微硬度计测定了渗铬层的厚度和硬度,研究测定了渗铬层耐蚀性及耐高温氧化性能,结果表明,渗铬碳钢具有优良的表面性能。     

超薄铝硅玻璃离子交换工艺研究

高强度超薄盖板玻璃是电子信息产品的重要组成部分,化学强化(离子交换)是提升超薄盖板玻璃力学性能的主要技术途径。在离子交换过程中,玻璃易产生应力弛豫等现象,导致化学强化玻璃难以具备较高的表面压应力、较大的应力层深度与较高的维氏硬度。本文采用两步法离子交换工艺,研究了熔盐、离子交换温度与时间等因素对强化后超薄铝硅玻璃应力层分布及维氏硬度等性能的影响。结果表明,本文所研发的两步法离子交换工艺,可以使玻璃兼具较高的表面压应力、较大的应力层深度与较高的表面维氏硬度。离子交换后,铝硅玻璃的表面压应力可达900 MPa以上,应力层深度可达70 μm以上,同时表面维氏硬度达7.2 GPa以上。     

碳钢固相渗铬的研究

本文研究了在碳钢表面固相渗铬的工艺及原理，用金相显微镜、显微硬度计测定了渗铬层的厚度和硬度，研究测定了渗铬层耐蚀性及耐高温氧化性能，结果表明，渗铬碳钢具有优良的表面性能。     

镍-硼合金镀层的硬度和耐磨性

在以氨基磺酸镍为主盐、硼氢化钠为硼源的电解液中,采用恒流电镀法于铜基底表面制备了镍-硼合金镀层。采用相似的方法制备了纯镍镀层和镍-铁合金镀层作为对照。使用真空退火炉对镍-硼合金镀层进行热处理。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对镀层的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征和分析,采用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对镀层的硬度和耐磨性进行了测试。通过扫描电子显微镜观察表面摩擦磨痕形貌,分析镀层摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:镍-硼合金镀层表面光亮平整,硬度可达7 000~8 000 MPa;经过300℃热处理后硬度可达到11 000MPa。镍-硼合金镀层的耐磨性比镀镍层和镍-铁合金镀层的有很大的改善。     

不同种类陶瓷砖维氏硬度测试的探讨

本文阐述了陶瓷砖维氏硬度的工作原理,介绍仿古砖、抛光砖和全抛釉陶瓷砖的维氏硬度实验,提出了维氏硬度实验的要求,如样品须烘干至恒重,针对有些对光敏感的样品,要进行消光处理,对同一样品进行不同压力的维氏硬度实验,从实验结果来看,维氏硬度值直接取决于样品的结构,样品表面规整的陶瓷砖,其硬度相对会大一些,相反表面比较粗糙的样品,比较易碎。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。