北京HI—13串列加速器质谱计测定^36Cl的研究

描述了中国原子能科学研究院的基于ＨＩ－１３串列加速器建立的加速器质谱计装置和测定＾３６Ｃｌ的实验方法。利用这台加速器质谱计测定＾３６Ｃｌ／Ｃｌ同位素原子比值的灵敏度已好于３×１０×－１５，对地下水，盐湖和铀矿石样品中的＾３１Ｃｌ进行了测定，这些样品的＾３６Ｃｌ／Ｃｌ同位素比为１．２×１０×－１２－２．２×１０＾－１４。     

Measurement of the natural ^36Cl and ^236U in uranium mineral with accelerator mass spectrometry

The concentration of the natural ultra-trace radionuclides CI and U in the uranium depended on the neutron flux.In this article,a method for measuring ³⁶C1 and ²³⁶U in the same uranium mineral with accelerator mass spectrometry was developed in China Institute of Atomic Energy,providing a protocol of the potential application of ²³⁶U in uranium mining,environmental,and geological research.The two samples were from Guangxi and Shanxi province,China,and their ratios ³⁶Cl/C1 and ²³⁶U/²³⁸U were measured.More experimental data conduced to understand the natural nuclides in the uranium mineral.We plan to conduct more efforts on the research.     

HI—13串列加速器质谱测量中的粒子鉴别技术

着重介绍中国原子能科学研究院的ＨＩ－１３串列加速器质谱计装置的粒子鉴别技术，该装置于１９８９年建成，到目前可以完成自然界中＾１０Ｂｅ，＾２６Ａｌ、＾３６Ｃｌ与＾１２９Ｉ的测定，测量灵敏度达到１０＾－１３－１０＾－１５，探测限度为１０＾５－１０＾７个原子。     

连山关铀矿区矿石和地下水中^36Cl核素的测定

利用中国原子能科学研究院的串列加速器质谱计测定我国东北连山关铀矿区的矿石和地下水中的＾３６Ｃｌ／Ｃｌ比值，并求得矿石和地下水中的＾３６Ｃｌ的含量。结果表明，＾３６Ｃｌ可以作为示踪剂研究铀矿区矿石的浸蚀及地下水同处界水源的相关性。     

河北平原深部地层的中子注量率、~(36)Cl/Cl地球长期平衡值及地下水年龄的研究

为研究河北平原深部地层的中子注量率和3 6 Cl/Cl地球长期平衡值 ,应用中子活化分析技术测量了岩石样品的元素含量数据。根据这些数据 ,计算了河北平原第四系深部地层的中子注量率平均值为 2 .79× 10 - 5cm- 2 s- 1,3 6 Cl/Cl地球长期平衡值平均为 1.2 7× 10 - 14 。为研究河北平原深部地层地下水的年龄 ,应用加速器质谱法测量得到保定地区第四系第二、三含水组混合开采井及第四含水组钻孔地下水的3 6 Cl/Cl值分别为 2 4 7× 10 - 15和 2 2 4× 10 - 15,皆为新水 ;沧州地区第三含水组钻孔地下水的3 6 Cl/Cl值为 4 0 .5× 10 - 15,依据其计算的地下水年龄为 2 3万年左右。     

石墨中~(36)Cl分析的溶样技术

在反应堆退役过程中,为了使放射性废物最小化,需对石墨中的~(36)Cl进行分析。采用浓硫酸、浓硝酸和高锰酸钾的混合溶液溶解石墨样品,建立了石墨的溶样方法。该溶样方法对~(36)Cl的化学回收率大于89.38%。     

一台用于AMS的鉴别同量异位素的气体电离室

文章描述一台用于加速器质谱计(AMS)的鉴别同量异位素的气体电离室,它由三个分离的阳极、一个栅极和阴极组成。利用这台电离室,在加速器上进行了~(36)Cl的测定。它有效地排除了~(36)S等本底的干扰。     

U measurement with accelerator mass spectrometry at CIAE

²³⁶U is a long-lived radioactive isotope which is produced principally by thermal neutron capture on ²³⁵U. ²³⁶U may be potentially applied in geological research and nuclear safeguards. Accelerator mass spectrometry is presently the most sensitive technique for the measurement of ²³⁶U and a measurement method for long-lived heavy ion ²³⁶U has been developed. The set-up uses a dedicated injector and the newly proposed ²⁰⁸Pb¹⁶ molecular ions for the simulation of ²³⁶U ion transport. A sensitivity of lower than 10⁻¹⁰ has been achieved for the isotopic ratio ²³⁶U/²³⁸U in present work.     

Charge state distribution studies of SrF3, MnF3 and CaF3 molecules using single and double stripping in a Tandem accelerator

High energy beams of high ion currents from a Tandem accelerator are a common requirement in nuclear physics, materials science and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) research. In many cases, molecular beams are chosen from the ion source to achieve a high ion source yield for the negative ions, or, as for AMS, to suppress isobaric interference. For this reason we have studied the use of consecutive stripper foils, double stripping, to increase the ion yield in conjunction with increased energy of injected molecular beams through a Tandem accelerator. By this method we could achieve a shift in the yield towards higher charge states.     

3 MV加速器质谱测量36Cl

在端电压为3 MV的AMS装置上实现³⁶Cl及其他中重核素的高灵敏测量是AMS技术发展的重要方向之一。为进一步提高充气飞行时间探测方法中³⁶S的压低能力,本文研究了³⁶S和³⁶Cl在P10、异丁烷和丙烷气体中的能量歧离和角度歧离。在32 MeV的入射能量下测量了几个地下水样品中³⁶Cl的[JP2]含量,测量结果与72 MeV能量下的测量结果相符。测量结果表明,采用充气飞行时间探测方法在3 MV的串列加速器上测量³⁶Cl时,探测限为³⁶Cl/Cl≈10^-14,当样品中³⁶Cl/Cl≈10^-13时测量不确定度为30%。     

60Fe Sample Preparation and Extraction Method for Measurement with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

⁶⁰Fe can be used in the study of the outbreak of supernova, the synthesis of celestial bodies in nuclear astrophysics, as well as the metabolism of iron in the organism as a tracer. As the neutron activation production of the reactor, ⁶⁰Fe also plays an important role for nuclear facilities and nuclear safety. In accelerator mass spectrometer, the large negative ion beam and the suppression of isotope⁶⁰Ni are the key steps to improve the measurement sensitivity of⁶⁰Fe. In this work, the process of sample preparation and beam extraction were tested. The beam intensity, suppression of⁶⁰Ni , the relationship between the electron affinity and beam current, the choice of conductive medium, and the problems found in the test process were discussed. The series of experiments showed that the sample chemical form of Fe₂O₃, the ion extraction form of FeO^-, and the conducting medium of Ag powder were the best choices for⁶⁰Fe AMS measurement.     

Measurement of Sm with the HI-13 accelerator mass spectrometry system

¹⁵¹Sm is an interesting nuclide in many research fields. Measurement methods of the long-lived ¹⁵¹Sm with accelerator mass spectrometry have been developed at China Institute of Atomic Energy. The chemical form of samples was Sm₂O₃ and the extracted ion was SmO⁻. To date, the sensitivity, that is, the isotopic ratio, of ¹⁵¹Sm measured using accelerator mass spectrometry is about 10⁻⁸. This method was also used to measure the concentration of tracer ¹⁵¹Sm in biological samples for clarifying whether the rare earth elements can enter into the brain. It is not possible at present to determine whether the tracer has penetrated the blood-brain barrier into the brain.     

用于AMS测量的~(14)C样品制备方法

为了开展基于加速器质谱(accelerator mass spectrometry,AMS)的14 C测量和14 C样品制备系统的研究,深入分析样品制备原理和样品制备过程,设计并优化样品制备系统,建立14 C的样品制备方法及一套集成的14 C样品制备系统。利用AMS测量技术对制备的样品进行了测量和分析,结果显示,建立的样品制备方法所制备的样品已满足AMS测量的要求。     

AMS Measurement of 36Cl with a Q3D Magnetic Spectrometer at CIAE

The ratio of 36Cl/Cl can determine the exposure age of surface rocks and monitor the secular equilibrium of 36Cl of sedimentary and igneous rock in groundwater. Due to the uncertainty effects of different chemical separation processes for removing 36S, there is a high degree of uncertainty in 36Cl accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements if the ratio of 36Cl/Cl is lower than 1014 . A 36Cl AMS higher sensitivity measurement has been set up by using a E-Q3D method at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The performances of E-Q3D method for 36Cl-AMS measurement had been systemically studied. The experimental results show that the E-Q3D method has a higher isobar suppression factor. Taking advantage of direct removing 36S, the sample preparation can be simplified and the uncertainty effects of different chemical separation processes can be reduced in 36Cl AMS measurements.     

HPLC-MS/MS检测[18F]FDG中Kryptofix2.2.2的残留量

应用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定[18F]FDG示踪剂中残留的Kryptofix 2.2.2浓度,并进行方法学确证。以乙腈40 mmol/L NH4Ac水溶液(50:50,V/V)为流动相,采用ultimate XB-C18(4.6×150 mm,3μm)色谱柱进行分离,流速为0.85 mL.min–1,通过电喷雾离子化串联质谱,以多反应监测(MRM)方式对[18F]FDG中的K-222残留量进行检测。结果表明,用HPLC-MS/MS法可以在4 min内完成K-222的检测,其线性范围为0.5–120 ng.mL–1,平均回收率在101.3%–106.6%,批内和批间变异均小于9.4%。HPLC-MS/MS方法简单、快速、灵敏,适合于短半衰期[18F]FDG中K-222残留浓度的检测。     

γ Spectrometry Analysis Method for 228Ra in Water Based on Fe(OH)3-CaCO3 Carrier

The γ spectrometry analysis method for ²²⁸Ra in water based on Fe(OH)₃-CaCO₃ carrier was developed, which is suitable for the analysis of 228Ra in environmental water. The enrichment method of ²²⁸Ra in water was carried out by Fe(OH)₃-CaCO₃ co-precipitation method. The enriched 228Ra was further loaded by Ba(Ra)SO₄ co-precipitation method, and ²²⁸Ra was determined by ¹³³Ba tracer method. The full recovery rate was measured using high-purity Ge γ spectrometer to measure the characteristic γ energy of the decaying daughter ²²⁸Ac, which reached the radioactive equilibrium with ²²⁸Ra, thereby obtaining the analysis result of 228Ra. Through the calibration of 5 L water sample, it is known that the recovery rate of 228Ra is in the range of 81.8%-87.5%. The relative deviation of the water sample measurement is 1.7%-5.3%, and the detection limit of this method is 57.2 mBq/L.     

加速器质谱14C样品制备中Zn-TiH2法石墨产率探讨

用于加速器质谱仪(accelerator mass spectrometry, AMS)测定¹⁴C年龄的石墨靶制备方法有很多种,提高石墨产率对优化石墨靶制备流程和改善石墨靶性能具有重要意义。本文以Zn-TiH₂法制备石墨靶为例,结合相关研究,证明石墨产率与同位素分馏之间的关系;对比石墨产率的不同测算方法并提出改进建议;对实验过程中影响石墨产率的因素进行探讨,对Zn-TiH₂法制备石墨靶的最优实验条件进行简要总结。     

Structural and compositional characterization of LiNbO3 crystals implanted with high energy iron ions

Iron ions were implanted with a total fluence of 6 × 10¹⁷ ions/m² into lithium niobate crystals by way of a sequential implantation at different energies of 95, 100 and 105 MeV respectively through an energy retarder Fe foil to get a uniform Fe doping of about few microns from the surface. The implanted crystals were then annealed in air in the range 200-400 °C for different durations to promote the crystalline quality that was damaged by implantation. In order to understand the basic phenomena underlying the implantation process, compositional in-depth profiles obtained by the secondary ion mass spectrometry were correlated to the structural properties of the implanted region measured by the high resolution X-ray diffraction depending on the process parameters. The optimised preparation conditions are outlined in order to recover the crystalline quality, essential for integrated photorefractive applications.     

水平衡法与高温转化法在矿泉水氢氧稳定同位素测定中的应用

为了鉴别不同品牌矿泉水标注水源地信息真伪,对11种不同品牌饮用水的氢氧稳定同位素(δD和δ¹⁸O)进行测定。结果表明,水平衡法(GasBench-IRMS)和高温转化法(TC/EA-IRMS)的测定结果一致性较好,两种方法测定6种不同饮用水的δD和δ¹⁸O的平均差异分别为(0.6±1.59)‰和(0.02±0.13)‰。水平衡法需要较长的制备和测定时间,但δD和δ¹⁸O的测定精度明显优于高温转化法。11种饮用水δD和δ¹⁸O变化范围较大,其δD和δ¹⁸O受不同品牌饮用水的水源地降水影响形成明显的地域性。虽然无法区分矿泉水是否由其他类别饮用水伪造,但δD和δ¹⁸O可以为特定区域(如高海拔与沿海地区)以及产地相近的矿泉水水源地鉴别提供依据。