支流电场中的单气泡行为

The investigation on bubble behavior in electric field helps to analyze the mechanism of electric enhancement of boiling heat transfer. Experiments were performed to investigate the bubble deformation in direct current （DC） electric field with bubbles attached to the orifice. The air bubbles were slowly generated in the transformer oil pool at different orifices, so that the effect of flow on bubble shape was eliminated. The results showed that the bubbles were elongated and the departure volume decreased when the electric field was intensified. The major and minor axes, aspect ratio and departure volume increased with increasing the orifice diameter. Both the electric field and orifice size have great influence on bubble behavior. The bubble deformation was also simulated to compare with the experimental results. The numerical and experimental data qualitatively agree with each other.     

应用群能量恒定粒子群优化算法的批次流加发酵过程批次间优化(英文)

An iterative optimization strategy for fed-batch fermentation process is presented by combining a run-to-run optimization with swarm energy conservation particle swarm optimization (SEC-PSO). SEC-PSO, which is designed with the concept of energy conservation, can solve the problem of premature convergence frequently appeared in standard PSO algorithm by partitioning its population into several sub-swarms according to the energy of the swarm and is used in the optimization strategy for parameter iden-tification and operation condition optimization. The run-to-run optimization exploits the repetitive nature of fed-batch processes in order to deal with the optimal problems of fed-batch fermentation process with inaccurate process model and unsteady process state. The kinetic model parameters, used in the operation condition optimization of the next run, are adjusted by calculating time-series data obtained from real fed-batch process in the run-to-run optimization. The simulation results show that the strategy can adjust its kinetic model dynamically and overcome the instability of fed-batch process effectively. Run-to-run strategy with SEC-PSO provides an effective method for optimization of fed-batch fermentation process.     

齿边浮阀塔内气相流场的数值模拟和分析

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model for gas flow through a serrated valve tray was presented. The flow field, as well as the dry-pressure drop of the valve under the full-opening condition was simulated based on the proposed model by using FLUENT 6.0 software. Compared with the values of dry-pressure dro.p in different turbulent models, the.simulated.results using RNG κ-ε model are in reasonable agreement with experimental data, indicating that RNG κ-ε model is suitable in simulating gas flow through the serrated valve tray. Then the CFD model combining RNG κ-ε model was used to study the three-dimensional gas flow through the considered serrated valve tray. The simulated results showed that various eddies existed on the serrated valve tray, and both the eddy and the non-eddy areas were nearly equal. The existence of addendum can decrease the eddy area caused by gas passing through the lateral outlet slots. The size of eddies can be reduced by optimizing the distance between valves.     

基于粒子群优化算法的水分配网络系统综合的最优化研究

The problem of optimal synthesis of an integrated water system is addressed in this study, where water using processes and water treatment operations are combined into a single network such that the total cost of fresh water and wastewater treatment is globally minimized. A superstructure that incorporates all feasible design alterna- tives for wastewater treatment, reuse and recycle, is synthesized with a non-linear programming model. An evolutionary approach--an improved particle swarm optimization is proposed for optimizing such systems. Two simple examples are .Presented.to illustrate the global op.timization of inte.grated water networks using the proposed algorithm.     

离散型多相流动的研究进展(英文)

Dispersed multiphase flows, including gas-particle (gas-solid), gas-spray, liquid-particle (liquid-solid), liquid-bubble, and bubble-liquid-particle flows, are widely encountered in power, chemical and metallurgical, aeronautical and astronautical, transporta-tion, hydraulic and nuclear engineering. In this paper, advances and research needs in fundamental studies of dispersed multiphase flows, including the particle/droplet/bubble dynamics, particle-particle, droplet-droplet and bubble-bubble interactions, gas-particle and bubble-liquid turbulence interactions, particle-wall interaction, numerical simulation of dispersed multiphase flows, including Reynolds-averaged modeling (RANS modeling), large-eddy simulation (LES) and direct numerical simulation (DNS) are reviewed. The research results obtained by the present author are also included in this review.     

气相温度脉动对碳黑生成反应的影响(英文)

The effects of gas temperature fluctuations on soot formation and oxidation reactions are investigated numerically in a reacting flow. The instantaneous variations of soot mass fraction with time are obtained under the time-averaged gas temperature of 1500-1700 K. The simulation results show that the gas temperature fluctuation has obvious influence on the instantaneous processes of soot formation and oxidation. Within the present range of gas temperature, the gas temperature fluctuation results in generally lower soot mass fraction comparing to that without gas temperature fluctuation. The increase in the fluctuation amplitude of gas temperature leads to decrease in time-averaged soot mass fraction and increase in time-averaged soot particle number density.     

用基团贡献+神经网络+颗粒群优化相结合的方法来预测有机化合物的闪点温度

The flash points of organic compounds were estimated using a hybrid method that includes a simple group contribution method (GCM) implemented in an artificial neural network (ANN) with particle swarm optimization (PSO). Different topologies of a multilayer neural network were studied and the optimum architecture was determined. Property data of 350 compounds were used for training the network. To discriminate different substances the molecular structures defined by the concept of the classical group con-tribution method were given as input variables. The capabilities of the network were tested with 155 substances not considered in the training step. The study shows that the proposed GCM+ANN+PSO method represent an excellent alternative for the estimation of flash points of organic compounds with acceptable accuracy (AARD 1.8%; AAE 6.2 K).     

上升管中严重段塞流的流型和压力波动特性

During the exploitation of offshore oil and gas, it is easy to form severe slugging which can cause great harm in the riser connecting wellheads and offshore platform preprocessing system. The flow pattern and pressure fluctuation of severe slugging were studied in an experimental simulation system with inner diameter of 0.051 m. It is found that severe slugging can be divided into three severe slugging regimes: regime I at low gas and liquid flow rates with large pressure fluctuation, intermittent flow of liquid and gas in the riser, and apparent cutoff of liquid phase, regime II at high gas flow rate with non-periodic fluctuation and discontinuous liquid outflow and no gas cutoff, regime III at high liquid flow rate with degenerative pressure fluctuation in form of relatively stable bubbly or plug flow. The results indicate that severe slugging still occurs when the declination angle of pipeline is 0˚, and there are mainly two kinds of regimes: regime I and regime II. As the angle increases, the formation ranges of regime I and regime III increase slightly while that of regime II is not affected. With the increase of gas superficial velocity and liquid superficial velocity, the pressure fluctuation at the bottom of riser increases initially and then decreases. The maximum value of pressure fluctuation occurs at the transition boundary of regimes I and II.     

基于粒子群优化算法和非线性盲源信号分离测量两相流速度(英文)

In order to overcome the disturbance of noise,this paper presented a method to measure two-phase flow velocity using particle swarm optimization algorithm,nonlinear blind source separation and cross correlation method.Because of the nonlinear relationship between the output signals of capacitance sensors and fluid in pipeline,nonlinear blind source separation is applied.In nonlinear blind source separation,the odd polynomials of higher order are used to fit the nonlinear transformation function,and the mutual information of separation signals is used as the evaluation function.Then the parameters of polynomial and linear separation matrix can be estimated by mutual information of separation signals and particle swarm optimization algorithm,thus the source signals can be separated from the mixed signals.The two-phase flow signals with noise which are obtained from upstream and downstream sensors are respectively processed by nonlinear blind source separation method so that the noise can be effectively removed.Therefore,based on these noise-suppressed signals,the distinct curves of cross correlation function and the transit times are obtained,and then the velocities of two-phase flow can be accurately calculated.Finally,the simulation experimental results are given.The results have proved that this method can meet the measurement requirements of two-phase flow velocity.     

纸桨泵叶轮中纤维悬浮湍流的流动特性(英文)

A numerical method for predicting fiber orientation is presented to explore the flow properties of turbu-lent fiber suspension flowing through a stock pump impeller. The Fokker-Planck equation is used to describe the distribution of fiber orientation. The effect of flow-fiber coupling is considered by modifying the constitutive mode. The three-dimensional orientation distribution function is formulated and the corresponding equations are solved in terms of second-order and fourth-order orientation tensors. The evolution of fiber orientation, flow velocity and pressure, additional shear stress and normal stress difference are presented. The results show that the evolutions of fiber orientation are different along different streamlines. The velocity and its gradient are large in the concave wall region, while they are very small in the convex wall region. The additional shear stress and normal stress difference are large in the inlet and concave wall regions, and moderate in the mid-region, while they are almost zero in most downstream regions. The non-equilibrium fiber orientation distribution is dominant at the inlet and the concave wall regions. The flow will consume more energy to overcome the additional shearing losses due to fibers at the inlet and the concave wall regions. The change of flow rates has effect on the distribution of additional shear stress and normal stress difference. The flow structure in the inlet and concave wall regions is essential in the resultant rheological properties of the fiber suspension through the stock pump impeller, which will directly affect the flow efficiency of the fiber suspension through the impeller.     

颗粒群研究：多相流多尺度数值模拟的基础

用两流体模型及颗粒轨道模型数值模拟过程工程设备中的多相流,都需要表达浓度较高的分散相和连续相间的作用力的本构方程. 本工作综述了多相流中颗粒受力研究的现状和尚待解决的问题. 对单个颗粒(包括流体颗粒)在静止和运动流体中的受力情况的研究结果比较丰富,但对颗粒群的研究则很不充分. 对颗粒受的曳力研究较多,但还缺乏可信的计算升力、非稳态力等的公式. 因此颗粒群的研究成为多相流准确多尺度数值模拟的关键. 开发能处理整体和局部均存在非均匀性的多相流的高效算法也是有待克服的困难.     

铝颗粒点火数值模拟

分析了准稳态铝颗粒在高温氧化剂中由于传热和表面的化学反应导致升温-熔化-升温-点火的过程，建立了铝颗粒点火模型，并对点火过程进行数值模拟。计算结果给出了对流传热、辐射传热、熔化热和异相表面反应热等对点火的影响。研究结果表明在点火过程中，铝的氧化在颗粒温度达到一定温度（T〉1000K）时才比较明显；点火时铝单质质量分数随环境温度的升高而略有增加，与颗粒尺寸无关；点火延时随着环境温度升高和颗粒半径的减小而缩短。     

旋转型分离器流场中粒子运动的数值解析

作为固液分离器的基础研究,应用龙格-库塔法对进入旋转态液体中的固体粒子由运动开始到被分离完成的全过程进行了数值计算。动力学模型中除考虑了重力、浮力、流体粘性力外,还考虑了假想质量力、Basst力、Sffm an扬力以及压力梯度力等多种力的作用。在实验装置中与数值计算参数相同的条件下进行了可视化实验研究。计算结果发现,在运动开始阶段,粒子的粒径越小,加速度越大,很快进入运动平衡状态,相反粒子粒径越大,加速度越小。运动的第2阶段,直径大的粒子仍在加速运动,因此不同直径的粒子运动之间存在一个运动加速度、速度及位移逆转现象。数值解析结果与可视化实验结果进行了比较,证明了数学模型与计算结果的正确性。     

工业运行GSP气化炉数值模拟研究

对GSP气化炉内多相反应流场进行了数值模拟研究。计算结果表明:气化炉内为旋射流流场,颗粒沿着螺旋下降的迹线运行;炉内高温火焰区主要集中在气化炉中轴线上,从上至下,整体温度先升高后降低;火焰区域内CO和H2体积分数较低,而CO2和H2O体积分数相对较高。     

颗粒负荷对小型旋风器性能影响的模拟分析

为探究颗粒负荷对小型旋风器内气固两相流动的影响,基于雷诺应力模型（RSM）和欧拉-欧拉方法的混合流模型（Mixture）进行气体-颗粒、颗粒-颗粒的相间耦合计算。采用粒径为0.5～5μm的颗粒组在40L/min、60L/min和80L/min的入口流量下模拟0~3kg/m³的5种不同颗粒浓度工况,通过对比旋风器内纯气相流场和颗粒负荷流场的不同,研究了颗粒的存在对流场的影响;探究了入口流量和浓度变化对旋风器内分离效率和压降特性的影响。基于模型有效性验证的数值模拟结果表明：较高颗粒浓度负荷使旋风器内的气相流场发生显著变化。随着入口流量的增大,旋风器的分离效率先增大后减小,压降呈非线性增大。随着颗粒浓度的增大,旋风器的分离效率逐渐增大,压降先减小后增大。     

PIV技术应用于循环流化床颗粒运动测试

粒子图像测速(PIV)技术被尝试用于测量循环流化床内颗粒运动,运用二值化互相关图像处理算法,得出了流场中粒子的轴向速度及水平方向速度分布图,并分析了粒子运动的变化规律。测试结果较好地反映了循环流化床内颗粒流动的一些特性,表明PIV技术在循环流化床气固两相流体特性研究中具有较好的应用前景。     

水下输气管道泄漏扩散特性模拟研究

建立了水下输气管道泄漏三维CFD数值模型,同时基于积分模型建立了预测数学模型,研究了不同泄漏速率和水深下气体在水体中扩散的速度、羽流半径以及上升到水面时形成泉涌高度的变化规律,并利用实验验证了两种模型的准确性,两种模型可以准确地模拟羽流特征参数的变化。结果表明：水下天然气管道泄漏扩散经历了初始阶段、充分发展阶段和表面流动阶段三个阶段,在气泡羽流上升过程中伴随着卷吸和紊动沸腾现象;羽流的径向速度近似呈高斯分布并且随着径向距离的增加逐渐降低;羽流的轴向速度随着水深的增加而降低,且在接近泄漏孔口的位置,轴线上羽流的速度急速衰减;随着气泡羽流紊动的发展,羽流半径逐渐向两侧发展并且随着水深近似呈线性增长。