聚丙烯技术现状

文章主要介绍了目前国内外应用最广泛的两类聚丙烯生产技术:本体工艺和气相工艺。其中,本体工艺包括Hypol和Spheripol两种,气相工艺包括Novolen、Unipol和BPAmoco三家公司的气相工艺。文章分别对每种工艺的特点、产品性能以及应用领域都做了详细的叙述。另外文中还介绍了聚丙烯的四种改性技术以及相关的研究进展情况。最后就聚丙烯的未来发展状况做了展望。     

聚丙烯工艺技术进展及其国内应用情况

介绍了世界聚丙烯工艺技术和聚丙烯工业的主要专利特点,简述了气相法和本体法工艺以及国产聚丙烯催化剂在气相法聚丙烯工艺上的应用情况,并介绍了这些工艺在国内大型新建聚丙烯装置上的应用。     

丙烯连续聚合SPG工艺的工业应用

对中国石油辽河石化公司采用中国石化集团上海工程有限公司自主开发的SPG工艺(即丙烯液相本体与卧式釜气相本体组合式连续聚合工艺)进行了介绍,并与国内聚丙烯生产工艺进行了技术对比。工业生产实践表明,SPG工艺流程设计合理,在催化剂进料、预聚合及液相本体和卧式釜气相聚合组合技术上均有明显特色：各项技术经济指标显示,SPG工艺在聚丙烯工业中具有较好的推广前景。     

聚丙烯生产工艺进展

综述了最近几年我国聚丙烯工业的发展现状。介绍了丙烯聚合工艺的研究和应用现状,对Basell公司的Spheripol环管／气相工艺、DOW化学公司的Unipol气相工艺、BP公司的Innovene气相工艺、NTH公司的Novolen气相工艺、三井公司的Hypol釜式本体工艺、Borealis公司的Borstar环管／气相工艺等进行了重点介绍。分析了我国在聚丙烯技术方面存在的差距,对我国聚丙烯工业的发展提出了建议。     

聚丙烯生产工艺技术进展

聚丙烯作为一种重要的化工产品,已广泛应用于各个领域。综述了国内外聚丙烯生产工艺的技术进展,包括溶液法、淤浆法、本体法及气相法,重点介绍了气相法聚丙烯生产工艺,分析了各种生产工艺的优缺点,指出了今后聚丙烯生产工艺的发展方向。     

气相聚丙烯工艺

本文介绍了世界发展气相聚丙烯工艺的主要公司BASF、Amoco、UCC/Shell及三井油化等的气相聚丙烯工艺,比较了备工艺的特点。并将气相聚丙烯工艺与浆液工艺、液相本体工艺等作了比较。     

浅析聚丙烯生产工艺和应用

聚丙烯是一种有丙烯聚合而成的一种热塑性的塑料,主要的生产工艺大约有4种,就是溶液法、浆液法、本体法和气相的方法。由于能源的消耗是比较高的,并且工艺的流程也是比较复杂的,所以在目前,溶液法和浆液法基本上是被淘汰了,比较流行的方法就是本体的方法和气相的方法。在我国的生产工艺中主要就是包括Sphcripol二代工艺、Spherizone工艺和BOrstar的生产工艺。本文主要针对聚丙烯的一些生产的工艺进行了详细的介绍,对其相关的应用也进行了详细的介绍。     

聚丙烯生产工艺现状及发展

介绍了目前聚丙烯（PP）主要生产工艺,最广泛和最有发展前途的聚丙烯生产工艺是本体法和气相法,目前主要聚丙烯生产工艺均为国外聚丙烯工艺商掌握。     

聚丙烯聚合工艺方法探究

介绍了聚丙烯聚合工艺的方法探究结果,介绍了溶液法工艺、淤浆法工艺、本体法工艺、气相法工艺和本体法-气相法组合工艺。聚丙烯具有很大的使用价值,它是现在通用型热塑性塑料中最受关注的。它不仅在包装容器制品等方面有很大的作用,而且随着不断改进,通过填充和改性之后可以作为汽车、电器、手表等的制造原材料。     

聚丙烯生产技术进展

综述了聚丙烯催化剂和生产工艺的研究进展情况，特别对茂金属聚丙烯催化剂和液相本体、气相本体聚合技术进行了详细的介绍。     

改性钴蓝颜料及其研究进展

简述了尖晶石型钴蓝颜料的结构及其固相、液相、气相不同制备方法,通过XRD、SEM等测试手段从微观上总结了近年来不同价态离子掺杂对所制备出的钴蓝颜料结构和性能的影响,其中二价阳离子对颜料的晶格常数有明显影响,且晶格常数的变化符合Vegard定律;三价阳离子对颜料的色调有显著的改善。最后对从制备方法和掺杂离子方面对钴颜料的发展进行了展望。     

Influences of low-temperature ambient pressure N2 plasma and flame treatments on polypropylene surfaces

Using various techniques, such as Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-IR), Raman scattering, and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), this study investigated the influences of N₂ plasma and flame treatments on polypropylene surfaces. The results of the first two techniques suggest that the functional groups introduced by the treatments had not been exposed to the air side of the outermost surfaces of the polypropylenes but had been distributed from the surfaces to the bulk regions. Regarding the surface morphology after each treatment, Raman scattering and STEM measurements revealed that the treatments had induced the formation of amorphous regions on the surfaces. On the other hand, the number of functional groups introduced by N₂ plasma irradiation was more than that introduced by burning flame. Unlike the flame treatment, the N₂ plasma treatment created roughness on the polypropylene surfaces.     

无机粒子增强增韧阻燃聚丙烯的研究进展

介绍了无机粒子的表面改性方法和无机粒子增强增韧阻燃聚丙烯的机理与发展现状,详细阐述了氢氧化镁对聚丙烯的改性研究进展,并提出了无机粒子填充改性阻燃聚丙烯的发展趋势。     

A comparison of the determination of macromolecular orientation in polypropylene by attenuated total-reflection fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction

Attenuated total reflection-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) were used to determine the macromolecular orientation of a series of six uniaxially oriented polypropylene sheets with elongations of 0% to 500%. The orientation functions were expressed as fractions of chains oriented along the machine, trasverse, and normal directions in the sheets. Good agreement was found between the orientation functions for the two techniques. Sources of potential difference between the two techniques were discussed. The ATR-IR technique is surface sensitive to a depth of about 5 or 10 μm into the surface while the WAXD technique is bulk sensitive. The ATR-IR technique is sensitive to both the crystalline and noncrystalline material while the XRD technique is sensitive only to the crystalline material.     

Optical characterization of three-dimensional surface and bulk anisotropy in high refractive index polymers

Interest in the development of polymeric materials for high temperature, electronic and microelectronic applications has led to an increasing number of new polymers. Many of these polymers have complex organic ring structures and semirigid backbones, characteristics that have posed some difficulties for structural analysis. The purpose of this paper is to test and compare two practical nondestructive optical techniques, polarized optical microscopy and polarized refractometry, for the determination of three-dimensional surface and bulk anisotropy in these advanced materials. The optical techniques are first tested on a series of optically homogeneous uniaxially oriented isotactic polypropylene films and then applied to the analysis of high refractive index Kapton (PMDA-ODA) polyimide films. The study includes a test of the validity of the compensator method, including the effect of fringe jumping, the use of polymer retarders, and the tilting technique of Stein.     

超临界CO2协助固相接枝改性PP研究进展

聚丙烯(PP)接枝改性方法很多,其中超临界CO2协助固相接枝法是一种高效节能的方法。系统地比较了各种接枝方法,综述了超临界CO2协助固相接枝聚丙烯时超临界流体的优点和作用,介绍了超临界CO2溶胀聚丙烯过程各参数的影响,同时对聚丙烯固相接枝反应的影响因素进行了论述,并简单概括了接枝产物的各种表征手段及应用。     

聚烯烃接枝的研究进展

介绍了以过氧化物为中间产物的聚烯烃本体接枝、链转移反应、多单体熔融接枝的进展情况,重点阐述了表面接枝中的化学方法、利用辐照和光照技术对聚烯烃的表面改性、等离子体工艺及相关的聚丙烯表面改性剂。聚烯烃接枝是制备功能性聚烯烃的主要方法,也是高分子与工程材料领域最活跃的研究热点之一。     

Vapor Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Organically Modified Clay

Abstract

Organically modified clay was used to adsorb volatile organic compounds from a gaseous phase. The organoclay was prepared by adsorbing hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) on the surface of montmorillonite particles. Two volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorobenzene and trichloroethylene, were adsorbed to the organoclay using a fixed adsorption bed. The adsorption was carried out at various inlet concentrations of gaseous VOCs in a carrier gas (nitrogen). The adsorption behavior of VOCs was investigated using natural clay and two types of organoclays, which had different HDTMA loadings. Adsorption breakthrough curves were obtained, and the adsorption data were modeled with two adsorption isotherms. Desorption of VOCs was also conducted using pure nitrogen, and the desorption profiles were fitted with two different theoretical models. It was found that the organoclay possesses significant adsorption capacity towards VOCs and the uptake depends on the degree of HDTMA loading on clay surface.