玉米综合开发与玉米蛋白质,油脂提取新工艺

玉米综合开发有许多产品，玉米蛋白质、油胆提取新工艺在用酒精提取玉米油的同时干燥酒精，生产业９９．５％的无水酒精，然后用酒精－碱提取蛋白质，得到的淀粉发酵制酒精，形成了酒精的循环使用。     

玉米湿法生产酒精的工艺研究

玉米中淀粉含量高达70％左右，蛋白含量占9．7％，胚芽含量占6－8％，纤维含量9．8％，从胚芽中制取的玉米油成份中亚油酸高达60％以上，是营养丰富的优质食用油；蛋白可以制作饮料、纤维、胚芽饼、蛋白混和并加入微量元素可配制成高蛋白饲料，浸泡玉米水可制取玉米浆或菲丁。玉米不仅是生产酒精的良好原料，而且在生产酒精的同时，应开展提取玉米油、蛋白等综合利用。以玉米为原料生产酒精，目前国内均采用干法生产，胚芽、蛋白等没有被充分利用，这是资源的极大浪费；而国外发达的资本主义国家则采用湿法生产，同时对玉米各组份实行综合利…     

玉米酒精生产中干式脱胚提取玉米油新工艺的探讨与实践

对自行设计的玉米酒精生产中干式脱胚法提取玉米油的工艺与装备等作了论述和介绍。该法得胚率高，可提取８０％的胚芽和皮碴；酒精工段设备能力可提高１５％～２０％；既制得含油量高、油质好的玉米油，又提高了酒精质量和得率。这在国内尚属首创。（车干）     

玉米湿法工艺生产酒精的综合研究

玉米湿法工艺生产酒精的综合研究孙君社，赵玉生，荆玉信，代小红食品与发酵工业，１９９４（１）：５６～６２玉米湿法新工艺是北方酒精厂技术改造的方向，它大大提高了酒精厂的经济效益，使粮食得到充分利用。除保证酒精产质量，还可生产玉米油、玉米浆、植酸（钙）、Ｃ...     

提高大豆一次浸出出油率的技改探索

高油玉米籽粒的含油量高达7％～10％，不仅含油量高，而且蛋白质、必需氨基酸含量均高于普通玉米。油脂的传统提取方法有压榨法和浸出法。我国目前玉米胚芽油的生产多采用压榨法，玉米油的产出率最高只能达到65％。若采用先榨后浸的办法，能使玉米胚芽油的产出率达到97％。     

高油玉米的综合开发

高油玉米籽粒的含油量高达7%～10%,作为一种新的油料作物,具有广阔的应用前景.对高油玉米与普通玉米的品质进行了对比,高油玉米籽粒不仅含油量高,而且蛋白质、必需氨基酸含量均高于普通玉米.介绍了玉米油的营养价值及提取工艺,玉米油是一种含有大量不饱和脂肪酸及维生素E的营养价值较高的食用植物油,它的传统提取工艺主要有压榨法和浸出法,基于传统工艺存在的问题,可采用新兴的水酶法提取工艺,该工艺设备简单,操作安全,污染少,所得清油品质高,与传统工艺相比有着无可比拟的优越性.高油玉米提取玉米油后,其淀粉可加工生产变性淀粉、酒精、淀粉糖、山梨醇、味精等多种产品,广泛用于食品、医药和化工领域.高油玉米不仅是提取高质量玉米油的原料,它还是一种优质饲料,所以开发高油玉米符合我国玉米结构调整、改进品质、增加效益的大方向,对我国农工贸一体的农业产业化起到重要的推动作用.     

玉米酒精厂发酵后取油工艺的设计

近年未，随着工业的迅速发展，酒精行业主要原料薯干的紧缺，原料的供应和消耗产生了矛盾。为了提高酒精质量，减少生产成本，大部分工厂已由薯干酒精转换为玉米酒精。由于原料的更换，生产成本和产品质量都随之上升，为了降低成本提高效益，国内30％左右的工厂采用了干式脱股或半干式脱胶提取玉米油的工艺。他们都相应的得到了很好的效益。但仍有70％的工厂由于资金的短缺和技术的不成熟。致使大量的玉米油混入发酵民排入废水中。给企业造成极大的浪费，给环境造成大面积污染。一些厂收取DDGS饲料后，由于油渍的粘结和污染，造成饲料质量…     

玉米酒精厂的玉米油生产

目前我国大部分酒精厂是以玉米原料生产酒精的。多年来酒精厂一直都是将玉米直接破碎经蒸煮、发酵而生产酒精。玉米中的胚芽约占玉米重的６％～８％，胚芽含油约占４０％～５０％，也随胚乳进入发酵工段，最后进入酒精中。此种工艺流程，不但使经济价值非常高的玉米油白白...     

用纯淀粉生产酒精的探讨

目前国内以玉米为原料生产酒精均采用干法粉碎，经糊化，糖化、发酵、蒸馏、制成酒精。这一方法存在的问题是，玉米中蛋白质、玉米油、纤维素等有价值的营养成份都随酒糟跑掉，既造成浪费，又污染环境，同时对发展酒精生产也起了阻碍作用。     

玉米湿磨法饲料产品

玉米湿磨法主要产品为食品及工业用淀粉和甜味剂，副产品包括玉米油和饲料产品。所谓饲料产品，即玉米麸质饲料(CGF)、玉米麸质粉(CGM)、玉米胚芽饼、浓缩的发酵用玉米抽提液(玉米浸渍液，玉米浆)，见图1。这些组分约占玉米本身重量的1／3。胚芽饼是胚芽经溶媒抽提回收油后再抽提胚芽饼以后才用于饲料产品的；CGM是经分离机分出淀粉后约含69％～72％总蛋白质(干基)的流体，再干燥至60％的蛋白质(商品)的产品；     

硬质玉米和粉质玉米浸泡与发酵对比

硬质玉米(Flint corn)与粉质玉米(Flour corn)在pH值为4.20～4.50,水温为55～60℃条件下浸泡,考察两种玉米的吸水情况;研究发酵过程的失重、发酵液成分及出酒率情况.结果表明,粉质玉米的吸水速率比硬质玉米要快,提前2～3h达到40%以上;两种玉米的发酵酒精生产量、原料和淀粉出酒率差别不大;采用粉质玉米作原料,会降低相对成本.(孙悟)     

Nutritive Value of Germinated Corn and Corn Fermented After Germination

Sprouts of germinated corn were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and niacin than nongerminated corn. Corn fermented after gemination was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in riboflavin and niacin than nongerminated corn but not germinated corn. Corn fermented after germination was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in percent relative nutritive value (%RNV) than both the germinated and nongerminated corn. Corn chips prepared with germinated and germinated-fermented corn meal were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in riboflavin, niacin and %RNV, and were acceptable to a taste panel. Fresh corn sprouts, when compared to mung bean sprouts by a taste panel, were significantly (P < 0.01) sweeter and more bitter.     

Fatty Acid Composition and Triglyceride Structure of Corn Oil, Hydrogenated Corn Oil, and Corn Oil Margarine

Corn oil, hydrogenated corn oil and corn oil margarine were compared on the basis of fatty acid composition and triglyceride structure, including configurational isomerism of unsaturated fatty acids. Hydrogenated corn oil contained trans unsaturation and positional isomers not naturally found in corn oil. The β-position of triglycerides of hydrogenated corn oil was 85% occupied by trans octadecenoic acids (trans-18:1); that of corn oil was 70% occupied by linoleic acid. The proportion of cis octadecenoic acids (cis-18:1) in the β-position of the triglycerides was distinctly less in the hydrogenated corn oil than in corn oil, indicating a hydrogenation and/or a geometrical isomerization of cis-18:1 to trans-18:1 preferentially in the β-position, as compared with the α-positions. Chemical composition of corn oil margarine was intermediate between that of corn oil and that of hydrogenated corn oil.     

Evaluation of High Oil Corn and Corn Silage for Lactating Cows

Forty multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were used to compare their responses to high oil corn and corn silage with responses to control corn and corn silage. Treatments were total mixed diets containing: 1) 50% control concentrate, 50% control corn silage; 2) 50% high oil concentrate; 50% control corn silage; 3) 50% control concentrate, 50% high oil corn silage; and 4) 50% high oil concentrate, 50% high oil corn silage on a DM basis. Cows fed high oil corn had greater DM intake (21.9 vs. 19.6 kg/d) and ruminal acetate:propionate ratio (2.3 vs. 2.0) than animals fed control corn. Fiber digestibility and yield and composition of milk were similar among grain and silage types. Apparent digestibility of DM was lower for animals on high oil corn than for those fed control corn (69.7 vs. 73.3%). Apparent digestibility of ether extract was lower for animals consuming high oil corn silage than for those fed control corn silage (82.2 vs. 85.9%). De novo synthesized fatty acids in milk fat were reduced, but preformed fatty acids of dietary origin were increased on all diets. Efficiency of milk production was lower for diets containing high oil corn or corn silage. Postpartum body weight recovery was greater for cows fed high oil corn than cows fed control corn, indicating a more favorable energy status for these animals. High oil corn and corn silage allowed both high milk production and the deposition of body tissue.     

玉米秸秆的皮髓分离及其应用

介绍玉米秸秆皮髓分离原理和皮髓分离后各自的用途。     

玉米微孔淀粉与原淀粉吸附性质的研究

本实验用α-淀粉酶和葡萄糖苷酶水解玉米淀粉得到微孔淀粉,并对其吸附次甲基兰(疏水性物质)溶液和番红花红T溶液(亲水性物质)的性质进行了研究,同时与原淀粉进行对比;最后以浓度和温度为主要参数,评价微孔淀粉与原淀粉在饱和吸附量及吸附稳定性上的不同。     

玉米油的制备及脂肪酸的分析

以辽宁地区玉米种子为原料制备玉米油。对玉米油进行甲酯化处理,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行了分析,共分离鉴定出7种脂肪酸。其中主要成分为:棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸。用高效液相色谱法对亚油酸进行了定量分析。     

Twin-Screw Extrusion Modification of a Corn Fiber and Corn Starch Extruded Blend

Surface response modeling was used to characterize the effect of extrusion processing on the functional properties of corn fiber/corn starch formulations. Process parameters evaluated included screw speed (200-500 rpm), temperature (90-150°C) and pH (3-11). Generally, the water holding capacity of starch increased with increasing extrusion temperature while the water holding capacity of the fiber decreased with increasing extrusion temperature. The foam stability decreased, while the residual moisture increased, with an increase in fiber concentration. X-ray diffraction profiles indicated that extrusion did not affect fiber crystallinity. No significant changes in the ratio of soluble to insoluble fiber were found as a result of extrusion.     

L -半胱氨酸与发酵酸浆协同作用优化玉米湿磨工艺

为了改进玉米湿磨工艺,采用L-半胱氨酸替代传统浸泡工艺中的SO2,降低传统玉米淀粉生产过程中由SO2浸泡引起的环境污染。在具有絮凝活性的副干酪乳杆菌副干酪亚种L1发酵液制成的玉米酸浆中加入L-半胱氨酸,浸泡玉米碎粒,浸泡一定时间后加水磨浆,过筛除去纤维等杂质,淀粉在具有絮凝活性的副干酪乳杆菌副干酪亚种L1的作用下迅速沉降。通过改变酸浆的用量、L-半胱氨酸用量、浸泡温度、浸泡pH值、浸泡时间和菌种接入量,考察各因素对浸泡液中可溶性蛋白质的增量和淀粉提取率的影响,并采用响应面法确定最佳湿磨工艺。结果表明：最佳工艺参数为浸泡时间48 h、L-半胱氨酸质量浓度1.5 g/100 mL、浸泡pH 7、自然发酵酸浆用量比（m（玉米粒质量）∶V（酸浆体积））1∶4、浸泡温度30 ℃,此条件下淀粉提取率的最大值为93.21%。