Experimental study on the mechanical properties of rocks at high temperature

The mechanical properties of marble, limestone, and sandstone as well as the stress-strain curve, the varying characteristics of the peak strength, the peak strain and elastic modulus were studied by using the MTS810 Rock Mechanics Servo-controlled Testing System under the action of temperatures rang- ing from room temperature to 800℃ . Results show that (1) the peak strength and elastic modulus of marble fluctuate at the temperature from normal to 400 ℃ ; and they decrease gradually over 400℃ . (2) With th...     

高温状态下大理岩力学性能实验研究

采用电液伺服材料力学试验系统对常温~800℃高温作用下大理岩的力学性能进行了研究,考察了大理岩的全应力-应变曲线、峰值应力σp、峰值应变pε、弹性模量E等量的变化特征。结果表明:随受热温度升高大理岩的峰值应力和弹性模量不同程度上渐次降低,尤其是在不同温度段岩石强度降低具有突变性,而峰值应变不同程度渐次增长。800℃时大理岩的延性明显增强,应力达到峰值后,应变仍表现出缓慢增加特性,但最终大理岩破坏方式仍以脆断为主。研究结果一定程度上反映了大理岩在温度作用下内部结构变化的特征,可为相关岩体工程设计与研究提供参考。     

基于试验非拟合混凝土本构方程

目的建立混凝土单轴拉伸和压缩应力-应变方程．方法基于混凝土单轴拉伸和压缩的试验数据,研究应力-应变变化规律,抛弃传统的拟合方法,直接由混凝土基本性能（初始弹性模量、峰值应力、峰值应变和应变软化性态）导出应力-应变方程．结果全程应力-应变方程由强化方程和软化方程给出,在峰值应力之前,强化方程为单调增且二阶导数为负的曲线,与试验结果曲线相符．在峰值应力之后,用不同的软化方程表示试验软化曲线．结论笔者提出的混凝土本构方程与很多实验数据相符,方程中的参数具有明显的力学意义,形式简单,便于理解,能很好的应用于混凝土本构关系的研究中．     

Mechanical characteristics and microcosmic mechanisms of granite under temperature loads

The relationships between mechanical characteristics of rock and microcosmic mechanism at high temperatures were investigated by MTS815, as well as the stress-strain behavior of granite under the action of temperatures ranging from room tem-perature to 1200 ℃. Based on a micropore structure analyzer and SEM, the changes in rock porosity and micro'structural mor-phology of sample fractures and brittle-plastic characteristics under high temperatures were analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) Mechanical characteristics do not show obvious variations before 800 ℃; strength decreases suddenly after 800 ℃ and bearing capacity is almost lost at 1200 ℃. 2) Rock porosity increases with rising temperatures; the threshold temperature is about 800 ℃;at this temperature its effect is basically uniform with strength decreasing rapidly. 3) The failure type of granite is a brittle tensile fracture at temperatures below 800 ℃ which transforms into plasticity at temperatures higher than 800 ℃ and crystal formation takes place at this time. Chemical reactions take place at 1200 ℃. Failure of granite under high temperature is a common result of thermal stress as indicated by an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient, transformation to crystal formation of minerals and structural chemical reactions.     

Mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression

To study the mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression,we analyzed the stress strain curve characteristics,deformation and strength properties,and failure process and characteristics of sandstone samples under different stress states.The experimental results reveal that peak strength,residual strength,elasticity modulus and deformation modulus increase linearly with confining pressure,and failure models transform from fragile failure under low confining pressure to ductility failure under high confining pressure.Macroscopic failure forms of samples under uniaxial compression were split failure parallel to the axis of samples,while macroscopic failure forms under uniaxial compression were shear failure,the shear failure angle of which decreased linearly with confining pressure.There were significant volume dilatation properties in the loading process of sandstone under different confining pressures,and we analyzed the damage evolution properties of samples based on acoustic emission damage and volumetric dilatation damage,and established damage constitutive model,realizing the real-time quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process.     

大掺量粉煤灰超高性能钢纤维混凝土的静动态力学行为

研究了4种不同钢纤维掺量(体积掺量分别为0%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%)的大掺量粉煤灰超高性能混凝土的单轴压缩强度、弹性模量、单轴抗拉强度、弯曲韧性、断裂韧性、断裂能等静态力学行为,以及高速冲击、压缩作用下的应力波传播规律、应力–应变曲线和破坏特征等动态力学行为.结果表明:掺加钢纤维的大掺量粉煤灰超高性能混凝土的轴心抗压强度、弹性模量和抗拉强度略有增大,韧性指数、残余强度、断裂韧度和断裂能成倍提高;未能增加冲击、压缩作用下的应变率效应程度,但却增大动态应力–应变曲线下的面积,提高试件破坏的应变率阈值,使混凝土存在裂而不散的破坏现象.     

Stress-strain model of corroded concrete under uniaxial compressive loading

The prism specimens of corroded concrete were subjected to uniaxial compressive load to develop the stress-strain model. Compared to the un-corroded concrete, the mechanical properties of corroded concrete, such as peak strength, Young’s modulus, and residual deformation, et al are degraded. The concrete, which were subjected to the aggressive media in the environment, were resulted in randomly distributed pre-loading flaws and defects. The propagation of these corrosion flaws during the procedure of loading was the main reason of degradation of corroded concrete properties. By the application of the statistic theory of continuum damage, the compressive stress-strain curve of corroded concrete was simulated. The initial damage factor was introduced to represent the corrosive effects of different media. The present damage constitutive model agreed well with the test results.     

Constitutive Relation of Yunjialing Anthracite Under Medium Strain Rate

By means of the split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） testing system, this paper presents a dynamic constitu- tive relation of anthracite at a strain rate of ε =5-85s^-1. Generally, the dynamic stress-strain curve for this kind of anthracite under uni-axial compression has the following four stages： a non-linear loading stage, a plastic yielding stage, a strain-strengthening stage and an unloading breakage stage. Correspondingly, the initial elastic modulus Eb, the yielding strength σs and the ultimate strength σb increase along with an increasing strain rate. The time-dependent elasticity was identified when we analyzed the mechanical properties of anthracite. Based on characteristics of measured dynamic stress-strain curves and an analysis of existing rock dynamic constitutive models, as well as a preparatory simulation, a new visco-elastic damage model has been introduced in this paper. A linear spring is put parallel to two Maxwell units with different relaxation times to express two distinct plastic flows. The damage D is equal to [Eb- E（εi）]/Eb, where Eb is the beginning modulus and the E（εi） is the slope of a connected line between the origin point and any other point on a tested stress-strain curve. In the new constitutive model, one Maxwell unit with low relaxation time φ is used to describe the response of anthracite to a low strain rate, while the other, with a high relaxation time φ describes the response of anthracite to a high strain rate. Simulated stress-strain curves from the new model are consistent with the measured curves.     

活性粉末混凝土基本力学性能试验研究

进行76组不同尺寸立方体试件和12组棱柱体试件的单轴受压力学性能试验，研究了活性粉末混凝土的强度标准，探讨活性粉末混凝土的基本力学性能指标(峰值应变、弹性模量、横向变形系数等)与棱柱体抗压强度之间的关系，建立了活性粉末混凝土应力一应变曲线上升段方程。     

钢纤维混凝土高温后SHPB试验研究

为了研究钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)常温以及经历400和800℃高温后的动态压缩性能,采用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置,结合应变直测技术对其进行了单轴冲击压缩试验.结果表明:经历400和800℃高温后,未掺钢纤维混凝土的峰值应力分别只有常温时的79.2%和38.9%,弹性模量分别降为常温时的82.8%和56.2%,同时,试件的能量吸收能力大幅度下降;钢纤维混凝土400,800℃对应的峰值应力分别降为常温时的76.8%和39.0%,弹性模量稍有降低,分别为常温的91.8%和82.7%,较基准混凝土有了较大的提高.钢纤维的加入可以增加混凝土的极限应力对应应变,曲线的下降段较为平缓,同时增强了混凝土的能量吸收能力,在20,400和800℃时,分别提高了38.5%,27.5%和25%.     

The complete stress-strain curve of recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression loading

The mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is investigated. An experiment on the complete stress-strain curve under uniaxial compression loading of RAC is carried out. The experimental results indicate that the peak stress, peak strain, secant modulus of the peak point and original point increase with the strength grade of RAC enhanced. On the contrary, the residual stress of RAC decreases with the strength grade enhancing, and the failure of RAC is often broken at the interface between the recycled aggregate and the mortar matrix. Finally, the constitutive model of stress-strain model of RAC has been constituted, and the results from the constitutive model of stress-strain meet the experiment results very well.     

万福矿井深部人工冻结粘土层的力学性状

根据万福矿井400m以下巨厚粘性土层取样进行的冻土力学性状试验结果,深部冻结粘性土的应力应变 关系主要表现为应变软化特点,达到峰值应力之前显现较大幅度的屈服变形。从冻结效果看,-20℃是使深部 粘性土力学性状发生明显变化的冻结状态界限值,冻结粘土样的强度明显提高,而蠕变性则明显降低,达到 -20℃后,随着温度进一步降低,强度和蠕变性的变化则逐渐趋缓。     

冻融荷载下节理岩体的复合损伤模型

针对工程实际中的冻融受荷岩体,以岩石初始损伤状态为参考状态,将冻融与荷载作用引起的损伤视为细观损伤,节理引起的损伤视为宏观损伤,根据Lemaitre应变等效性假设,推导建立考虑宏细观缺陷的节理岩体复合损伤模型.应用该模型分析贯通率和冻融次数分别对岩体力学性质劣化的影响,结果表明:在贯通率一定时,损伤演化曲线随冻融次数的增加而增加,试验与理论峰值强度(或弹性模量)曲线随冻融循环次数增加而降低;在冻融次数一定时,损伤演化曲线与贯通率呈正相关关系,试验与理论峰值强度(或弹性模量)与贯通率呈负相关关系.说明贯通率与冻融次数对岩体的劣化产生一定影响,且饱和试验组受冻融效应较天然试验组力学性能劣化严重.将所建模型计算结果与试验值进行比较,理论曲线与试验曲线吻合良好,验证了所建模型的合理性与有效性.     

真三轴压缩下大理岩强度、变形与损伤特征数值

为研究真三轴条件下岩石的力学行为,采用离散元颗粒流程序,探析不同应力路径下大理岩试样的变形破坏过程、微裂纹演化机制及其中间主应力效应。结果表明：平行黏结模型能较准确地反映大理岩真三轴压缩下力学特性和破坏模式;中间主应力对峰值强度、弹性模量、破坏角和破坏模式演变的影响较为显著;八面体理论可较好地拟合出大理岩真三轴压缩中的破坏应力,所得的破坏强度包络线具有明显线性特征;结合应力-应变曲线形状,该大理岩在压缩过程中裂纹扩展可划分为4个阶段,即线弹性阶段、裂纹稳定扩展阶段、裂纹非稳定扩展阶段及峰后破坏阶段;随着中间主应力增大,应力-应变曲线峰后段的脆性破坏特征变强,试样从拉伸破坏向拉剪混合破坏转变,且中间主应变符号由拉转向压,岩石损伤演化与中间主应力间呈现出“对勾”型趋势。     

Experimental study on the time-dependent dynamic mechanical behaviour of C60 concrete under

To study the dynamic mechanical behavior of C60 concrete at high temperatures, impact tests under different steady-state temperature fields (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500.℃) were conducted under a variety of durations at the corresponding constant high temperature, namely 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120.min, employing split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. In addition, the impact tests were also conducted on the specimens cooled from the high temperature to the room temperature and the specimen under room temperature. From the analysis, it is found that C60 concrete has a time-dependent behavior under high-temperature environment. Under 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500.℃ steady-state temperature fields respectively, as the duration at the corresponding constant high temperature increases, the dynamic compressive strength and the elastic modulus decrease but the peak strain generally ascends. After cooling to the room temperature, the dynamic compressive strength and the elastic modulus descend as well, but the peak strain increases first and then decreases slightly, when the duration increases. For specimens under and cooled from the high-temperature, as the temperature increases, the dynamic compressive strength and the peak strain raise first and then reduce gradually,and the dynamic compressive strength of specimen under high temperature is higher than that of the specimen cooled from the same high temperature.     

骨料类型对早龄期混凝土常温下力学性能影响研究

对钙质、硅质骨料混凝土立方体和棱柱体常温下的力学性能进行试验研究。试验结果表明,早龄期混凝土力学性能主要取决于试件养护龄期,骨料类型对其影响较小。相对而言,骨料类型对早龄期混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量影响较小,对早龄期混凝土劈裂抗拉强度影响较大。     

低合金奥-贝球铁焊接峰值温度(Tm)对热影响区组织与力学性能的影响

利用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００焊接热模拟试验机，在固定的加热速度（１５０℃／ｓ）、峰值温度保温时间（７ｓ）与８００～５００℃冷却时间为７ｓ的条件下，研究了峰值温度（Ｔｍ）在１０５０～８５０℃内变化对低合金奥－贝球墨铸铁热影响区组织及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明，随Ｔｍ的增高，高碳马氏体占基体组织百分数增加，马氏体片随之增长、变粗，σｂ和αｋ值显著下降，同时分析了共晶团各点马氏体含碳量不同，点阵畸变程度发生变化的原因     

高温破坏时纤维增强混凝土的性能研究

对纤维增强高性能混凝土在高温下的力学特征和剥落趋势进行了试验研究．制备3种类型的混凝土：普通混凝土（NSC）和高性能混凝土（HPC1、HPC2）．高性能混凝土为分别在普通混凝土中加入5kg／m^3的聚丙烯纤维或40kg／m^3的钢纤维而制成．在龄期达到120d时加热试件,温度分别为100℃、300℃、500℃和700℃,然后冷却,测试其抗拉强度、抗压强度、弹性模量和超声脉冲速度．对比试验在室温20℃下进行．结果表明：NSC和HPCI的残余强度在500℃、700℃几乎为线性降低;而HPC2的残余强度在300℃则急剧降低,在两种HPC中,均发生了爆裂剥落现象．     

玄武岩纤维地聚物混凝土的高温动态力学特性

采用自主研制的高温100 mm SHPB试验装置,研究了玄武岩纤维增强地聚物混凝土(BFRGC)的瞬时高温动态力学特性.采用厚度为1.0 mm,直径为30,35,40,45,50 mm的铝片作为整形器对入射波进行整形,保证了试验过程的有效性.结果表明:不同温度下,玄武岩纤维地聚物混凝土(BFRGC)的动态抗压强度、峰值应变和能量吸收特性随应变率的提高近似线性增长;200℃时BFRGC的动态抗压强度相对于常温时大幅度提高;随着温度的升高,BFRGC的峰值应变显著提高,且均大幅度高于常温时的峰值应变值;200～600℃时BFRGC的吸能特性明显优于常温状态,而800℃时能量吸收特性明显降低.     

固化剂三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

以三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯(THEIC)为固化剂,用异氰脲酸酯(IS)环合成改性聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)。通过改变PUE链段中IS环的含量,考察其对PUE的热稳定性、力学性能和耐溶剂性的影响。结果表明,引入IS环后,PUE的耐热性能有提高;IS改性的PUE的内耗峰比未改性的窄,峰位由10℃移到-10℃,且内耗峰值增大(tanδ由0.28增大到0.46),玻璃化温度降低,而阻尼性能得到提高;引入IS环的PUE的硬度和其它力学性能比未改性的PUE有所降低;随着固化剂中THEIC用量的增加,PUE的溶胀率增大,即IS改性PUE的耐溶剂性变差。