LB膜的制备及表征研究进展

LB膜技术是基于分子水平制备精确有序、厚度可控的超薄膜的先进技术,广泛应用于组装纳米功能材料和分子器件。介绍了LB膜技术的研究发展历程,综述了LB膜的制备方法、制备过程和表征手段,对LB膜技术未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

PCVD法制备硅系纳米复合薄膜材料

纳米复合薄膜材料由于具有传统复合材料和现代纳米材料两者的优点,成为重要的前沿研究领域之一.其中半导体纳米复合材料,尤其是硅系纳米复合薄膜,由于具有独特的光电性能,加之与集成电路相兼容的制备技术,有着广泛的应用前景.近年来关于纳米复合薄膜的研究不断深入,但仍有许多问题没有完全解决.本文围绕硅系纳米复合薄膜的材料特点,说明了等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)技术的工作原理和装置结构,以及该技术在硅系纳米复合薄膜制备中的独特优点.并以氮化硅薄膜为重点,介绍纳米复合薄膜材料的PCVD制备技术.文章最后对硅系纳米复合薄膜的在光电技术等各个领域的应用前景做了一些展望.     

二氧化钛纳米晶薄膜低温制备方法研究进展

二氧化钛纳米晶薄膜优异的性能使其成为研究焦点,低温制备二氧化钛纳米晶薄膜有着重要的现实意义.因此,探索低成本高效低温制备技术,不仅可以降低成本,而且还可以拓展此类薄膜在耐热性较差的高分子材料领域的应用.总结了近几年低温制备方法的研究进展,客观地评价了各种制备方法的优缺点,并简要评述了对其产业化进程.     

Gd@C_(82) Langmuir-Blodgett纳米薄膜的表面微观结构

采用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)技术在新解理的云母和氧化铟锡(ITO)基片上成功地制备出富勒烯金属包合物Gd@C82/SA的单层及多层Langmuir-Blodgett分子薄膜,采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对所制备纳米超分子薄膜的表面形貌和表面元素组成进行了系统研究,结果表明,与纯的Gd@C82 Langmuir薄膜相比,以硬脂酸(SA)为辅助成膜材料所得到的Gd@C82/SA复合Langmuir薄膜能更好地转移到云母和ITO基片表面,其镀膜转移比接近1,当硬脂酸(SA)与Gd@C82的摩尔比达到4:1时,所对应的Gd@C82/SA LB薄膜表现出良好的均一性和理想的层状结构。     

原子层沉积技术及其改进办法

纳米薄膜材料技术近年来发展迅速,作为新型材料,由于在光,电、磁以及力学等方面具有特殊性能,使之作为功能材料和结构材料都应用广泛,发展前景良好。其材料应用范围十分广泛,特别是在信息,能源等工业快速发展的前提下,元器件的小型化,高密度,高集成等要求使纳米薄膜技术受到越来越多的重视。纳米薄膜未来的技术的目标是能按照需要形成高质量的分子线度级别的薄膜,并且对于不同形状的基底要形成高质量的膜层。微纳米薄膜材料成为如今半导体行业研究的重要课题和发展基础。     

LB膜法固定化蛋白质及其在生物传感器中的应用

LB(Langmuir-Blodgett)膜技术可以在分子水平上控制膜厚及分子取向,是实现新型功能材料设计和开发的重要手段。将具有生物功能的蛋白质引入LB膜材料,在生物传感器、仿生膜及生物催化等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要对近几年关于LB膜法固定化蛋白质的方法、影响因素以及在生物传感器方面的应用进行总结,并展望了相关的研究应用前景。     

静电纺丝技术在超级电容器中的应用

静电纺丝是一种新型的非纺织成丝技术,具有适用材料体系广泛、纤维尺寸结构可控、工艺简便等特点,是制备连续纳米纤维的重要方法.静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维薄膜因具有巨大的纳米表面和网状孔隙结构可调等优势,在超级电容器领域显示出诱人的应用前景.综述了近年来静电纺丝技术在超级电容器电极材料和隔膜材料方面的研究进展,介绍了碳基、金属氧化物和聚合物电极材料高活性纳米纤维的制备方法及电化学行为,以及静电纺丝无纺布作为隔膜材料显示出的巨大优势,并总结了制约静电纺丝走向商业化的不利因素,如产率低、薄膜强度不足、喷丝不稳定等,最后介绍了近年来静电纺丝技术在结构可控、规模化制备的产业进展,并展望了其在超级电容器领域中的商业化应用前景.     

脉冲电沉积法制备纳米材料的研究进展

纳米材料具有特殊的磁性、光学、力学、电学、电化学催化等性能,而脉冲电沉积技术在制备纳米材料方面应用广泛且优点多.着重列举了脉冲电沉积技术在制备纳米晶材料、纳米复合材料、纳米析氢材料、纳米金属薄膜及纳米金属多层膜、纳米线材料等方面的应用,总结了纳米材料的一些特点,展望了脉冲电沉积技术制备纳米材料的前景.     

层间环氧纳米纤维薄膜对层合板力学性能的影响

应用静电纺丝技术制备环氧纳米纤维, 将收集的纳米纤维无纺布薄膜插入层合板的层间界面并固化成型, 研究其对层合板力学性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 和透射电子显微镜( TEM) 分析了纳米纤维的形貌和尺寸, 并测试了纳米纤维薄膜的拉伸性能; 应用三点弯曲和短梁剪切方法测试了层合板的力学性能。结果表明, 一定厚度的纳米纤维无纺布薄膜对层合板的力学性能无显著影响。因此, 应用该方法可以制备一种新型的功能复合材料。      

原子层沉积技术在新型太阳能电池中的应用

原子层沉积技术(ALD)是一项正处于发展之中、在许多领域具有巨大应用前景的新型材料制备技术,该技术在纳米结构和纳米复合结构的制备方面显示出独特的优势,在新型薄膜太阳能电池领域呈现出巨大的发展潜力和前景。首先概述了ALD技术的工作原理,简要介绍了近几年ALD技术在硅基太阳能电池和铜铟镓硒薄膜电池(CIGS)中的应用,然后重点综述了原子层沉积纳米功能薄膜在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)和有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)为代表的新型薄膜太阳能电池中的应用。最后,总结了原子层沉积功能薄膜的特点和优势,展望了ALD在新能源材料与器件领域的应用前景和发展趋势。     

25th Anniversary Article: What Can Be Done with the Langmuir‐Blodgett Method? Recent Developments and its Critical Role in Materials Science

The Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) technique is known as an elegant method for fabrication of well‐defined layered structures with molecular level precision. Since its discovery the LB method has made an indispensable contribution to surface science, physical chemistry, materials chemistry and nanotechnology. However, recent trends in research might suggest the decline of the LB method as alternate methods for film fabrication such as layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly have emerged. Is LB film technology obsolete? This review is presented in order to challenge this preposterous question. In this review, we summarize recent research on LB and related methods including (i) advanced design for LB films, (ii) LB film as a medium for supramolecular chemistry, (iii) LB technique for nanofabrication and (iv) LB involving advanced nanomaterials. Finally, a comparison between LB and LbL techniques is made. The latter reveals the crucial role played by LB techniques in basic surface science, current advanced material sciences and nanotechnologies.     

Soft Langmuir–Blodgett Technique for Hard Nanomaterials

Materials and their assemblies of dimensions down to a few nanometers have attracted considerable scientific interest in physical, chemical, and biological sciences because of unique properties not available in their bulk counterparts. The Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique allows rigid nanomaterials to be aligned in particular structures through a flexible assembly process at liquid interfaces. In this review, we summarize the development of assembly of hard nanomaterials using soft LB techniques. An initial summary of the basic features of nanomaterials will include dimension‐related effects, synthesis, characterization, and analysis, and will be followed by examples of LB assemblies of nanomaterials described according to their morphology: nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanosheets. Some of the nanomaterials have been fabricated in orientation‐controlled morphologies, and have been incorporated into prototype devices for gas sensing and photocurrent transport. In the final part of this review, the challenges remaining for LB techniques of hard nanomaterials will be overviewed, and will include a comparison with the widely‐used LB technique involving soft materials.     

Formation of highly ordered thin films of perfluorinated carboxylic acids and azobenzenes by thermal evaporation

Stearic acid, two short chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids, C₉F₁₉COOH and C₁₁F₂₃COOH, and two amphiphilic azobenzene derivatives were thermally evaporated onto a variety of substrates in vacuo. The resulting films (0.1–1.0 ωm thick) were studied by low angle X-ray diffraction and polarizing microscopy. Substrate temperature was a critical factor in determining film quality. For the azobenzenes, the structures obtained gave up to eight Bragg reflections and appeared to be identical to structures obtained by the much slower Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. For the fluorocarbons up to 14 Bragg reflections were observed, corresponding to bilayer spacings of 2.79 nm (C₉) and 3.19 nm (C₁₁), indicating highly ordered structures which could not be achieved at all by the LB technique. The relative peak intensities before and after incorporating Ag⁺ ions into the structures confirm the bilayer-type structure. It is suggested that the thermal evaporation method has considerable potential for producing ordered films of non-polymeric organic materials where the LB technique is either too slow or unusable.     

Optical and electrical properties of merocyanine dye LB films by various time of UV irradiation and heat treatment

The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique provides many possibilities for the control of film thickness, dimensions, and molecular structures on the nanometer scale. Various kinds of dye molecules have been found to form the J-aggregation which has been used as sensitizers of silver halide photography for long time. In recent years, they attract attention as model systems for investigating the ultra-fast exciton dynamics, materials for ultra-fast nonlinear optical devices, fluorescence probes for mitochondrial membranes. We fabricated the merocyanine dye LB films with arachidic acid (AA). In order to observe the J-aggregation of the merocyanine dye LB films, CdCl2 and KHCO3 solutions were added in subphase. From the optical absorption spectra of the mixed dye LB films (6Me-Ds:AA = 1:2) at different layers, the optical absorption peak was about 520 nm. However, the optical absorption peak of the LB films was shifted to 600 nm, when CdCl2 and KHCO3 solutions were added. This is the consequence result to the J-aggregation of the merocyanine dye. We also investigated the optical absorption peak of the LB films according to various time at 60 degrees C and 275 nm UV. We measured the STM morphology of the merocyanine dye LB film (1 layer) before UV irradiation and heat treatment. The morphology size of the LB film on HOPG was 5 nm. The roughness and molecular size were about 66.163 pm and 0.176 nm, respectively. The J-aggregation of this type was also accompanied by large morphological changes. We analyze the morphology and electrical properties of the LB films by the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).     

Growth and time dependent alignment of KCl crystals in Hemoglobin LB monolayer

Nature and organism often use the biomineralization technique to build up various highly regular structures such as bone, teeth, kidney stone etc., and recently this becomes the strategy to design and synthesis of novel biocomposite materials. We report here the controlled crystallization of KCl in Langmuir and Langmuir Blodgett (LB) monolayer of Hemoglobin (Hb) at ambient condition. The nucleation and growth of KCl crystals in Hb monolayer has temporal and KCl concentration dependency. The growth of KCl crystals in LB film of Hb has distinct behavior in the alignment of crystals from linear to fractal like structures depending on growth time. The crystallographic identity of the biomineralized KCl crystal is confirmed from HR-TEM, XRD, and from powder diffraction simulation. Our results substantiated that the template of Langmuir monolayer of proteins plays a crucial role in biomineralization as well as in designing and synthesizing of novel biocomposite materials.     

Stable Langmuir-Blodgett film deposition of polyaniline and arachidic acid

An experimental study was carried out to examine the stable Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film deposition of mixtures of polyaniline (PA) and arachidic acid (AA) at different concentration ratios, with the aim of developing a systematic methodology for the production of quality PA/AA film at the highest deposition speed. The quality of LB film was examined before, during and after the film deposition process. Images of the PA/AA composite materials at air-liquid interface, based on the Brewster angle microscopy, revealed that a 50/50 concentration ratio of PA/AA composite layer produced the best LB film structure. The feasibility of LB film deposition was determined from dynamic contact angles which were measured by a flow visualization technique. The quality of the deposited film was judged by the transfer ratio and the atomic force microscopy images. The effect of pH was also examined, and it was found that the LB film deposition for the PA/AA system could only be carried out in a narrow range of pH. It was found that the deposited LB film of the PA/AA system had a high transfer ratio and improved surface roughness at the deposition speed 30 mm/min. This deposition speed is much higher than those previously reported.     

Nanostructuring of heme-proteins for biodevice applications

Proteins represent versatile building blocks for the realisation of nanostructured materials to be applied in the nanobiotechnological field. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique was utilised as a means to develop nanobiodevices based on protein molecules. Namely, engineered Cytochrome P450 thin films were fabricated and characterised. The possibility to employ LB-based protein structures to use in biosensors has been exploited. The characterisation process was performed in order to verify the best working parameters. As a first step the protein films were studied at the air-water interface and then transferred into a solid support for further characterisation. The films were characterised by different techniques such as: UV-vis spectroscopy, nanogravimetry, atomic force microscopy and biochemical assays. The results showed that it was possible to form active cytochrome P450s nanostructures by the LB technique     

C60/PVK/CdS纳米粒子功能复合 LB 膜研究

目的 尝试用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｂｌｏｄｇｅｔｔ（ＬＢ）技术组装Ｃ６０技术组装Ｃ６０功能复合体系的新方法。方法 采用（ＬＢ）技术制备Ｃ６０／ＰＶＫ／ＣｄＳ花生酸混合ＬＢ膜并利用界面化学反应技术将混合膜与硫化氢气体反应制得Ｃ６０／ＰＶＫ／ＣｄＳ纳米粒子功能复合ＬＢ膜并进行紫外光谱表征。结果 含不同比例Ｃ６０的Ｃ６０ＰＶＫ／ＡＡ体系可以在辐亚相上形成稳定的单层膜并转移到固体基片上得到了ＬＢ多层膜,ＬＢ混     

Room temperature toluene sensing using phthalocyanine Langmuir-Blodgett films

Organic thin films, produced by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique were used to sense toluene gas at levels of 5–9 p.p.m.(parts per million). The interaction of the gas with the surface of the thin films led to significant changes in the electrical conductivity of the film. Since surface reaction is vital in these sensors, it is expected that films produced by the LB technique would provide the necessary surface uniformity to improve the performances of these devices. Most thin film sensors are operated at elevated temperatures to obtain higher efficiencies. A major problem associated with the use of LB films at elevated temperatures is the probability of disintegration and distortion of the layered structure. Thin films (thickness 100–120 nm) of specially substituted phthalocyanine molecules were investigated as possible sensors of toluene gas for room-temperature operation. The preliminary results indicated instantaneous response and recovery times, and the saturation value was reached within 2–3 s when the film was exposed to the gas at intervals of 2 min. The results thus offer potential for using such versatile organic materials as microsensors, even at room temperature.