基于多路显微视觉的微零件自动对准策略

基于对显微视觉系统成像特点的分析,针对搭建的微装配实验平台,提出了一种基于三路显微视觉的微零件自动对准策略,实现了毫米级复杂几何结构微零件的自动对准.基于显微视觉成像模型,推导了基于多路显微视觉的微零件运动控制的图像雅可比矩阵,证明了显微视觉引导下位置控制的图像雅可比矩阵为常数,并通过微零件的主动运动,实现了对图像雅可比矩阵的在线自标定.采用增量式PI(比例-积分)控制方式实现了对微零件快速有效的运动控制.实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

视觉机器人作业路径规划系统

针对工业机器人的弧焊、切割和涂胶等应用,介绍了视觉工业机器人作业路径规划系统.描述了摄像机坐标标定方法,采用图像采集技术获取环境信息,运用图像处理技术对采集的信号进行处理.实现了机器人实时控制和离线编程.实践证明,该系统重复精度高,能够满足弧焊、切割和涂胶的要求,能够适应生产线的需要.     

锥壳靶自动精密微装配系统

为解决多尺度、多形状的锥壳靶精密装配问题,研制了一套具有微米级定位精度的多操作手精密微装配系统.该系统具有3个多自由度操作手,能够针对不同形状、不同材质的零件进行拾取、装配.在显微视觉景深较小及装配空间光照有限的条件下,采用提升小波算法获得清晰的零件与操作手图像并进行相应图像的识别检测,实现了位置的闭环控制.通过3路显微视觉实现靶零件的在线测量,直线测量不确定度小于2μm,角度测量不确定度小于0.01?.装配实验结果表明,该系统能够保证微球中心与锥轴线的偏差小于5μm,微球中心与柱腔中心偏差小于10μm,与手动装配相比大大提高了装配精度.     

弧焊机器人视觉系统

视觉传感控制是发展自适应机器人的一项关键技术.本文以弧焊机器人为背景,总结了视觉传感跟踪控制的发展过程,重点分析了弧焊机器人视觉系统的核心技术——3维信息获取及处理方法.     

基于SLM显微立体视觉模型的3D微定位研究

基于体视显微镜(Stereolightmicroscope,SLM)的显微立体视觉已经在微操作领域应用。本文研究了基于SLM显微立体视觉模型的微操作系统中的三维微观定位问题。通过对SLM双光路的分析,给出了描述二维图像空间和三维物空间映射的弱非线性显微立体视觉模型。采用立体匹配算法和目标识别两种方式对运动图像序列中的目标对象进行捕捉,可以批量给出立体图像中相关点的坐标。利用显微立体视觉理论模型和显微图像处理实现了微操作系统中的微观3D定位。     

显微视觉系统对柱状微零件自动聚焦技术研究

针对显微视觉中的柱状物体图像的清晰度问题,提出了一种实时检测图像特征并跟踪特征区域进行自动聚焦的方法。该聚焦算法包括聚焦评价函数、聚焦搜索算法和聚焦区域选择。该聚焦搜索算法实现了显微视觉系统下快速准确的聚焦,克服了爬山搜索算法的缺点,有效避免搜索结果陷入局部极大值。显微视觉中对聚焦区域的选择尤为重要,以图像特征区域作为聚焦区域,实时检测该特征区域进行聚焦,实现了在景深小于柱状物体半径的情形下对柱状物体边缘的精确聚焦。粗聚焦后电机位置的标准差为205μm,精聚焦后电机位置的标准差为37μm。实验结果表明,该自动聚焦方法能够满足微装配系统对显微视觉的聚焦需求。     

基于小波分析的显微视觉景深扩展

光学显微视觉系统的主要特点在于景深短,难以获取反映显微场景的全面信息。为解决该问题,提出基于小波分析的光学显微视觉系统景深扩展策略,分为局部清晰图像获取和多聚焦图像融合两个阶段：首先,以定义的小波系数活性水平为依据,构造了新型清晰度评价函数和聚焦曲线全局极值搜索策略来实现快速自动聚焦、获取局部显微场景信息的目的;然后,为实现多局部聚焦显微图像的融合,设计了小波系数活性水平选择型融合规则来融合获取的多个局部显微场景信息。实验表明,提出方法可有效扩展光学显微镜的景深。     

数字图像处理技术在弧焊机器人视觉伺服系统中的应用

本文针对弧焊机器人视觉伺服系统中的图像特征信息提取任务 ,依据工作环境的特点设计了一套具有较强抗干扰能力的数字图像处理算法 .结果将处于自然背景下的标记点信息准确地获取到 ,作为后续工作的基础 .本文中采用了针对任务的自动阈值选取和连通域分割算法 ,结果表明了选用的算法适于本研究的特定工作环境 ,取得了满意的结果 .     

弧焊机器人在三万辆汽车组焊线上的应用技术研究

本文就弧焊机器人环形焊接系统在汽车组焊线上应用进行了论述,并详细地介绍了以弧焊机器人为中心的环形焊接系统、系统应用程序和弧焊机器人焊接工艺参数及操作规范.     

基于特征块匹配的图像检索技术

提出了一种基于特征块匹配的图像检索算法.首先,利用小波变换的多尺度特性检测出图像的特征点,特征点比较全面地反映了图像中的视觉兴趣点;用以特征点为中心的特征块的前三阶颜色矩来描述特征块的特征;进一步统计出两个图像中匹配的特征块数目,计算图像间的相似距离.实验表明,算法中所使用的特征块更全面、更精确地描述了图像的视觉信息,实现相似度计算的方法简单、高效.该检索算法不仅检索精度高,还具有较好的旋转、尺度及视觉角度不变性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。