HS-SPME-GC-MS联用分析瓜蒌子挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)萃取瓜蒌子中挥发性成分,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对瓜蒌子的挥发性成分进行分析。从瓜蒌子中共分离出79个色谱峰,鉴定出其中49种化合物,占其挥发性成分的84.18%,其中含量较高的为(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛(21.50%)、2,4壬二烯醛(10.01%)、戊酸戊酯(4.60%)、正己醇(4.28%)和正戊醇(4.02%)等。研究采用HS-SPME-GC-MS联用技术分析瓜蒌子挥发性成分,为瓜蒌子的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

油酥干辣椒中特征挥发性香气成分分析

为了分析原料干辣椒和油酥成品干辣椒中挥发性成分的差异,在探讨干辣椒最佳油酥增香条件的基础上,利用顶空固相微萃取法提取干辣椒中的挥发性成分,并借助气相色谱-质谱联用技术对干辣椒原料与油酥成品的挥发性化学成分进行鉴定.结果 表明:采用顶空固相微萃取结合GC-MS法分析原料干辣椒与不同条件油酥成品辣椒,共检出挥发性香气成分5...     

5种海鱼挥发性风味成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对黄鱼、鳗鱼、鳕鱼、鲳鱼、马鲛鱼等5种海鱼进行挥发性成分分析。研究结果表明:在黄鱼、鳗鱼、鳕鱼、鲳鱼、马鲛鱼中分别鉴定出45、41、62、53、39种挥发性成分,其中5种鱼类样品中均被检出的成分有1-戊烯-3-醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、戊醛、已醛和4-庚烯醛。     

五种食用菌挥发性成分比较分析

为了解猴头菇、榛菇、黄蘑菇、香菇和松茸挥发性成分的异同,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析了这5种食用菌的挥发性成分,并对检测结果进行了聚类分析和主成分分析,研究结果显示在5种食用菌样品中总计检测到酯类、醛类、醇类、烯烃类、酮类、酸类、含氮杂环化合物等121种化合物。5种食用菌样品中共有特征挥发性组分仅有9种,有112种特征挥发性组分存在差异,特征挥发性组分聚类分析和主成分分析结果一致。挥发性风味组分正己醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、丙基环戊醇、肉桂酸甲酯、反式-肉桂酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯、椰子醛、1-辛烯-3-酮、松香芹酮、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、双戊烯是区别5种食用菌样品的主要特征性物质,可作为鉴定及区分5种食用菌的化学辅助手段,同时还可为评定5种食用菌的品质提供参考。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS分析刺梨种子挥发性香气成分

对贵州产刺梨种子的挥发性香气成分进行研究。采用顶空固相微萃取法提取刺梨种子的挥发性香气成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行了分析测定,共鉴定出8个化学成分,占挥发性化学成分色谱总峰面积的90.92%。其中含量较高的组分有:苯(33.51%)、亚油酸甲酯(16.91%)、亚麻酸甲酯(14.95%)、棕榈酸甲酯甲酯(10.42%)、十六烷(4.85%)和十四烷(4.06%)等。     

不同产地沃柑挥发性成分的差异分析

该研究旨在分析4个主产地(四川、重庆、云南和广西)的沃柑果皮中挥发性成分的差异性,并为沃柑的产地溯源和深加工提供数据支撑。利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定了沃柑果皮挥发性成分,共鉴定出50种挥发性成分,其中萜烯类18种、醇类11种、醛类10种、酯类8种、酮类1种、其他类2种。柠檬烯是主要的挥发性物质,月桂烯、α-蒎烯、芳樟醇、正辛醇、正辛醛、香茅醇、己醛、反式-2-己烯醛、桧烯、香芹酮和α-松油醇等次之。基于挥发性成分半定量结果,建立四川和重庆,云南和广西沃柑的正交偏最小二乘法判别分析模型,进而筛选出潜在生物标志物。结果表明,柠檬烯、芳樟醇和香茅醇可作为区分重庆和四川的潜在生物标志物,醋酸辛酯和α-松油醇可作为区分广西和云南的潜在生物标志物。     

不同品种葡萄皮渣蒸馏酒挥发性香气成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术对3种葡萄（贵人香、雷司令、霞多丽）皮渣蒸馏酒的挥发性香气成分进行检测分析。结果表明,从3种葡萄皮渣蒸馏酒中共检测出114种挥发性香气化合物,包括酯类40种、醇类23种、酸类8种、醛类4种、酮类2种、酚类2种、萜烃类24种、其他类11种,其中酯类、醇类和萜烃类挥发性化合物相对含量较高,且贵人香皮渣蒸馏酒的香气成分种类更为丰富。为进一步研究香气化合物与葡萄皮渣品种的关系,对3种葡萄皮渣蒸馏酒样共有的22种香气成分和8类香气化合物进行主成分分析（PCA）,经综合评价得出贵人香葡萄皮渣蒸馏酒香气品质最佳,雷司令葡萄皮渣蒸馏酒次之,霞多丽葡萄皮渣蒸馏酒最差。     

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS 法分析春生田头菇子实体不同部位挥发性成分

春生田头菇具有独特的香味风格。采用顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对春生田头菇子实体菌盖和菌柄的挥发性成分进行测定。从菌盖和菌柄分别鉴定出48种和47种化合物,其中16种为相同物质,占挥发性物质的20.25%。主要以烷类、酮类、酯类和酸类化合物为主,其中十甲基环五硅氧烷、2-甲基-3-庚酮、丙位壬内酯、3-羟基扁桃酸乙酯和苯乙酸为菌盖和菌柄共同含有且相对含量最高的化合物。对春生田头菇挥发性成分进行了系统研究,为进一步开发利用田头菇中活性物质提供支撑。     

HS-SPME-GC/MS结合自动解卷积技术分析山茱萸果实挥发性成分

本文采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用结合自动解卷积技术对山茱萸果实的挥发性香气物质进行了分析。通过检索NIST 17谱库、与文献核对保留指数、查阅相关文献等多种方式,从山茱萸果实中共鉴定出59种化合物,包括醛类16种、酮类5种、醇类11种、酸类1种、酯类4种、醚类1种、饱和烃类4种、烯烃类14种和其他类3种,其中烯烃类化合物的含量最高,占41.03%,种类最多的为醛类化合物,含量占31.36%。研究表明山茱萸果实中主要的挥发性香气成分为醛类和烯烃类,含量最高的前10种化合物为α-依兰油烯、壬醛、cis-菖蒲烯、石竹烯、癸醛、甲酸辛酯、α-松油醇、(-)-.beta.-波旁烯、(E)-2-癸烯醛和6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮。     

浓香葵花籽油挥发性风味成分的鉴定

采用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）萃取葵花籽油的挥发性风味物质,优化了萃取条件,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）对其进行分离鉴定。结果表明,萃取温度50℃和萃取时间50min下解吸5min萃取效果最好,经数据库检索,葵花籽油中共鉴定出97种化合物,占总检出化合物的83.14%,包括吡嗪、呋喃、醛、酯和酸等化合物。初步判断葵花籽油主要香气成分中包含2-戊基呋喃和2,5-二甲基吡嗪。      

甬优15在储藏期间挥发性成分的变化

通过HS-SPME/GC-MS技术,对不同含水量以及储藏时间的甬优15优质稻的挥发性成分进行分析,结果表明:随着储藏时间的延长,烯烃类、醇类、醛类物质的含量呈上升趋势,酮类和酯类变化不明显,烷烃类和酸类呈下降趋势。含水量14.5%的甬优15的清香物质含量高于13.1%和13.8%含水量的甬优15;当储藏180 d时,很多清香物质的含量达到峰值,继续储藏清香物质含量降低,储藏效果变差。1-壬醇随着储藏时间延长呈上升趋势,可作为甬优15储藏时间延长的醇类标志物;邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯的含量随着储藏时间的延长先下降后上升再下降,可作为甬优15的酯类标志物;反式-2-壬烯醛的含量随着储藏时间先上升后降低,且含水量越高,其含量越高,可作为甬优15的醛类标志物。关键字     

Changes in volatile flavour components of soybeans during roasting

Volatile concentrates were prepared from whole soybeans, roasted at 200°C for 10, 20 and 30 min, by steam distillation under reduced pressure followed by ether extraction, and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in comparison with the volatile concentrate from raw soybean flour.Major flavour components of raw soybean, such as n-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol and n-hexanal, decreased during the course of roasting, but the rate of this decrease was not rapid, especially between 10 and 20 minutes' roasting. During the roasting period, alkylated pyrazines, oxygenated furans, oxygenated pyrroles and phenols were formed or increased markedly. On the other hand, sensory evaluation showed that a flavour change to ‘desirable’ from ‘beany’ or ‘objectionable’ occurred between 10 and 20 minutes' roasting. These results suggest that roast flavour masks the ‘beany’ flavour in soybean.     

Changes of volatile components of tomato fruits during ripening

Volatile components obtained by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction from two varieties of tomato fruits at various ripening stages and their artificially ripened tomato fruits were analyzed by GC and GC-MS using a glass capillary column. One hundred and thirty compounds were identified. Of these, quantitative changes in the major thirty-six compounds were investigated. Hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, 2-iso-butylthiazole, 2-methyl-2-hepten-6-one, geranylacetone and farnesylacetone, which were estimated to be important volatile components of fresh tomato aroma by the GC-Sniff method, increased with natural and artificial ripening. However, many volatile components showed complicated changes in the case of artificially ripened tomato fruits.     

草鱼脆化过程中肌肉挥发性成分变化

为了探讨草鱼脆化过程中肌肉挥发性成分的变化,采用固相微萃取（SPME）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术,对草鱼脆化过程不同时期的肌肉挥发性成分进行分析。结果显示:共鉴定出挥发性成分61种,在草鱼脆化过程中,醇类和其他类物质相对含量在20 d时增加,之后呈下降趋势。在脆化养殖的40 d前,烃类物质相对含量在增加,而醛酮类物质含量在减少,但其相对含量仍较高;而40 d后,前者相对含量大幅减少,100 d时含量极低,而后者相对含量大幅增加,100 d时含量极高。在整个脆化过程中,醛酮类物质对草鱼肉风味起到主要作用,普通草鱼中相对含量较高的是壬醛和2,3-辛二酮,分别为18.18%和32.12%。到了脆化末期,壬醛和2,3-辛二酮的相对含量分别减少至5.45%和12.71%,而己醛达到65.52%。此外,其他类物质阈值较高或含量较少,对其风味影响较小。      

凤凰单丛茶加工过程中挥发性香气成分和生化成分的变化

目的：优化凤凰单丛茶加工工艺。方法：采用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）、气相色谱—质谱法（GC-MS）和分光光度计法等对凤凰单丛茶加工过程中不同阶段的茶叶挥发性香气和非挥发性生化成分进行提取、测定及分析。结果：加工过程中,凤凰单丛茶的醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类物质含量呈下降趋势,烷烃类和芳香环类物质含量呈上升趋势;非挥发性生化成分中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱和儿茶素含量逐渐减少;可溶性糖含量和水浸出物含量则逐渐增加。茶叶香气中,吲哚、α-法尼烯、橙花叔醇等含量大幅增加,是凤凰单丛茶茶叶重要的挥发性香气成分。结论：加工过程中,凤凰单丛茶的苦涩味和青草气逐渐减少,花果香味气体逐渐增加,形成了凤凰单丛茶特有的花果香味和香醇口感。     

绿菇多糖的提取工艺优化

该文研究了绿菇多糖的超声波辅助提取方法。运用超声波辅助浸提、乙醇沉淀、Sevage法脱蛋白等步骤提取绿菇多糖,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量。通过单因素实验考察超声功率、温度、超声时间和水料比等4个因素对多糖得率的影响,在此基础上采用Box-Benhnken响应面法设计四因素三水平试验,建立回归方程,研究各因素对绿菇多糖得率影响的程度,进一步优化提取工艺,得到了绿菇多糖超声波辅助法的最佳提取条件为超声功率500 W、温度76℃、超声时间40 min和水料比31 mL/g,多糖的得率为6.50%。因此,超声波辅助法有助于提高绿菇多糖的得率,响应面法建立的回归模型及相关参数的实际值与预测值之间的相关度较好,可以用于对超声波提取绿菇多糖进行分析和预测。     

臭豆腐卤水发酵过程中挥发性成分的变化趋势分析

采用固相微萃取法（SPME）对不同发酵工艺阶段的臭豆腐卤水中的挥发性成分进行提取,提取物经气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析,探索了臭豆腐卤水整个发酵过程中挥发性物质的变化趋势。共鉴定出122种成分,其中,醇类18种,酸类9种,酯类24种,酮类20种,醛类6种,酚类3种,烷类30种,烯类9种,吲哚3种,其他化合物30种。结果表明,核心气味物质3-甲基吲哚贯穿整个发酵过程,是臭豆腐臭香味生成的主要因素。     

Changes in the composition of neutral volatile components during the production of apple brandy

The changes in aroma composition during apple-brandy production have been investigated by gas chromatography and coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Quantitative determinations of 97 aroma components have shown that the aroma of unaged apple brandy is characterised by components produced as a result of the yeast fermentation and technological steps such as mashing and heating rather than by the genuine apple-aroma components. Genuine apple-aroma constituents, predominantly esters, are degraded during the mashing process and can be detected only in traces after the distillation. Distillation enhanced the concentration of ethyl esters and many of the higher alcohols, producing acetals and furane derivatives as well as damascenone, 2-methylhept-2-hepten-6-one and β-cyclocitral.     

Changes in the volatile flavour components of Jinhua ham during the traditional ageing process

Changes in volatile flavour compounds of Jinhua ham were studied during the traditional ageing process of sun‐drying, loft‐ageing and post‐ageing. About seventy‐eight volatile compounds were tentatively identified, including aldehydes (ten to fifteen), carboxylic acids (eight to ten), alcohols (thirteen to fourteen), ketones (eight), esters (eight to ten), aromatic hydrocarbons (five), sulphur‐containing compounds (two to three) and pyrazines (zero to four) which were the main components. The percentage content of aldehydes and ketones reduced over time as the temperature rose with each stage of the process, whereas alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, pyrazines and sulphur‐containing compounds increased gradually. Jinhua ham's high‐temperature maturating process (40 days at 30–37 °C) made the percentage content of carboxylic acids arising from Maillard reactions markedly increase (from sun‐dried ham 8.45% to fully aged ham 19.23%). This was the most obvious difference between Jinhua ham and the Mediterranean dry‐cured hams, and was the main factor leading to the unique flavour of Jinhua ham.     

Changes in flavour and volatile components during storage of whole and skimmed UHT milk

Six batches of commercial UHT milk, submitted to direct treatment, three whole and the other three skimmed milk, were stored at 25±2°C for 4 months. Non-casein nitrogen (NCN) and sensorial analysis were carried out on packs opened every month. Volatile composition was analysed every 15 days, using a purge-and-trap concentrator coupled on-line to a GC–MS instrument. NCN increased during storage; the increase was greater in skimmed milk samples. Sensory characteristics were slightly better in the whole samples, although the scores decreased for both groups in the third month. Quantification of about 40 volatile components in whole milks showed no changes until 90 days (the legal shelf-life in Spain); the main change was the increase of methyl ketones. New components appeared in skimmed samples after 65 days storage; they could be related to both proteolysis and Maillard reaction. This is consistent with the poorer sensory quality found in skimmed milk samples.