动压径向波箔轴承静态承载性能研究

建立了动压气体润滑Reynolds方程和波箔弹性变形方程所组成的动压径向波箔轴承控制方程,以及相应的边界条件,应用有限差分法对此弹性流体动压润滑问题的控制方程进行了数值求解,分析了动压径向波箔轴承结构参数和运行参数对其静态承载性能的影响,为提高波箔轴承承载能力提供了结构改进的参考依据.     

弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承承载性能研究

气弹耦合解是准确预测弹性箔片动压气体轴承承载性能的有效方法。通过引入箔片的弹性变形以及联立求解动压气体润滑Reynolds方程和弹性箔片的变形方程,给出了弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承的气弹耦合解。应用气弹耦合解理论,将顶层箔片的局部弹性变形纳入考虑范围,对弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承的承载性能进行了计算和分析。有限元数值仿真结果表明:顶层箔片在气膜压力作用下的局部弹性变形直接导致弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承承载能力的降低;根据轴承瓦块上气膜压力分布的特点合理设计支承拱箔的结构形式,可以减小顶层箔片的局部弹性变形,有效提高轴承的承载能力。得到了一种承载能力较高的弹性箔片动压气体推力轴承支承拱箔结构设计方案。     

深槽表面涡流效应对气体润滑流量特性的影响

采用基于NS方程的CFD方法,开展二维矩形槽单元结构微米间隙气体润滑流量特性研究,讨论Reynolds方程的有效性.数值计算剪切流和压差流工况涡流随槽深的变化规律,对比分析压力和剪切速度对流量特性的影响规律.结果表明,槽深影响涡流效应的强度,在小槽深时,涡流效应对气体润滑的流量特性的影响可以忽略,Reynolds方程适用于分析气体润滑密封性能；随着槽深增加,涡流效应对流量影响较大,Reynolds方程的计算偏差增加.     

多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热弹流润滑分析

考虑轴瓦弹性变形,建立多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热弹流润滑(TEHD)分析的数学模型,对比分析多瓦可倾瓦径向滑动轴承热流体动力润滑(THD)与TEHD模型的润滑性能差异,分析轴瓦弹性变形对轴承润滑性能的影响.结果表明,轴瓦弹性变形导致最小油膜厚度减小、流体动压力的梯度下降,但对瓦面温度的影响较小;THD模型高估了轴承的承载能力,在高速重载的场合,这种误差可能导致轴承润滑失效.因此,在滑动轴承设计中有必要考虑轴瓦弹性变形对轴承润滑性能的影响.     

卧式水电机组用径向滑动轴承热弹流特性分析

研究轴颈挠度和瓦块表面热弹变形对卧式水电机组径向滑动轴承静态润滑性能的影响。推导考虑轴颈挠度和轴瓦热弹变形后的油膜厚度表达式;用中心差分法结合ANSYS软件联立求解雷诺方程、能量方程、固体热传导方程、密度方程、黏度方程和轴瓦热弹变形等,得到径向滑动轴承的热弹流润滑(TEHD)特性,并与不计入轴颈挠度及轴瓦热弹变形的油膜动压润滑特性进行比较。结果表明:在考虑轴颈挠度和轴瓦瓦面热弹变形的影响后,油膜压力、温度、厚度沿着轴承宽度中心线的对称特性消失;油膜压力峰值增大,峰值点位置由轴向中心区偏移至出口区;油膜温度峰值增大,最高温度发生在出口区;润滑区内的最小油膜厚度大幅度减小,油膜最小厚度处于出口侧边界附近;轴承润滑流量减小,损耗略有增大;轴承稳态运行时,轴颈偏位角基本一致。     

考虑气体稀薄效应修正Reynolds方程的新模型及其数值分析

硬盘中磁头和磁盘之间的气膜厚度已接近或小于分子平均自由路径,为了更精确地模拟气膜的压力分布,Reynolds方程必须要考虑气体稀薄效应的影响。基于硬盘中常用的修正Reynolds方程——FK模型,提出一种修正Reynolds方程的新模型,并且通过最小二乘有限差分法求解该Reynolds方程。分别利用FK模型和新模型,研究气膜数对承载力和压力中心的影响,并比较2种模型的计算时间。结果表明,2种模型所得的数值模拟结果具有很好的一致性,但新模型的计算效率高于FK模型。     

热流固耦合下柱塞泵配流副参数对摩擦性能的影响

为探讨热流固耦合下柱塞泵配流副参数对摩擦性能的影响,建立配流副的润滑模型,采用有限差分法对雷诺方程、能量方程和弹性变形方程进行求解,考虑黏度-温度、黏度-压力的关系,利用松弛迭代法求得热流固耦合下油膜压力、弹性变形与油膜温度分布的数值解,并运用MATLAB得到油膜压力、弹性变形、油膜温度分布云图;分析配流副参数对油膜承载力、摩擦力、摩擦转矩和摩擦因数的影响。结果表明：缸体倾斜角度和初始油膜厚度对油膜承载力的影响较大,增大缸体倾斜角度和减小初始油膜厚度,可提高油膜承载能力;减小润滑油黏度、增大初始油膜厚度能有效降低润滑摩擦过程中的摩擦力和摩擦因数。     

浮环弹性变形对浮环轴承润滑特性的影响

采用有限差分法联立求解内、外油膜的Reynolds方程、膜厚方程和浮环弹性变形方程,到在不同转速和偏心率下浮环的弹性变形量,研究浮环弹性变形对浮环轴承润滑特性的影响。结果表明:随着转速和偏心率的增加,浮环弹性变形量逐渐增加;浮环弹性变形降低了内油膜的承载力、端泄流量和摩擦功耗,增加了外油膜的承载力、端泄流量,但对外油膜摩擦功耗影响较小。     

基于ANSYS多物理场的水润滑轴承的数值分析

借助ANSYS多物理场求解器的流固耦合功能对六沟槽水润滑橡胶合金轴承进行2D数值模拟,得到了水润滑橡胶合金轴承润滑膜内的压力分布、速度分布及橡胶轴瓦的弹性变形状况,进而分析了水润滑橡胶合金轴承的润滑性能.结果表明:在载荷较大及中高速工况下,橡胶轴瓦的弹性变形会显著影响水膜膜厚分布及水润滑轴承的润滑性能.     

计入轴瓦弹性的应力偶流体润滑分析

推导了计入轴瓦弹性的应力偶流体润滑轴承的变形雷诺方程。数值分析表明,刚性轴瓦的最大油膜压力值比弹性轴瓦的最大油膜压力值大,且随着应力偶参数的增大,最大油膜压力提高明显;润滑油分别为牛顿流体和应力偶流体时,弹性系数越大轴承的承载力越小,应力偶参数越大轴承的承载力越大,且轴承的偏心率越大,应力偶参数对承载力的影响越明显,应力偶参数对刚性轴瓦材料的影响比对弹性轴瓦材料的影响大。     

浮环弹性变形对浮环动静压轴承润滑特性的影响

浮环轴承在高速工况下运行时,浮环表面在油膜压力作用下会发生弹性变形,影响轴承润滑性能。针对带有深浅腔的浮环动静压轴承,采用有限元法和有限差分法耦合求解油膜Reynolds方程、能量方程和温黏关系式,采用变形矩阵法求解弹性变形方程,计算浮环弹性变形分布;在浮环平衡的基础上,分析浮环变形对环速比、油膜承载力、端泄流量等润滑特性参数的影响。结果表明：浮环弹性变形分布与油膜压力分布呈现一致性,转速越高,偏心越大,变形越明显;考虑浮环弹性变形,浮环达到平衡状态时,内膜偏心率增加,环速比减小,轴承承载力与摩擦力矩均有所增加;由于浮环变形对内、外膜间隙及流动液阻的不同影响,使得内膜端泄流量增加,外膜端泄流量减少。     

随机粗糙表面对微气体轴承性能的影响

采用尺度独立的分形参数表征粗糙表面,修正气体的雷诺方程,研究滑块轴承中气体薄膜在稀薄效应和粗糙度耦合作用影响下的压强分布、承载能力及承载力的主流向位置。结果表明:由于粗糙度的影响,气体轴承内的压强分布具有非线性特征,承载能力也不会简单地增大或减小,但承载力的主流向位置会变大。     

Combined effects of surface roughness and viscosity variation due to additives on long journal bearing

Abstract

The combined effects of surface roughness and viscosity variation due to additives on long journal bearing are analytically studied. The variation in viscosity along the film thickness is considered. The presence of solid particles in the lubricant is an increased effective viscosity, which increases the load carrying capacity and decreases the frictional coefficient, whereas the viscosity variation tends to decrease both the load carrying capacity and coefficient of friction for non-micropolar fluid case. The modified Reynolds type equation for surface roughness has been derived on the basis of Eringen’s micropolar fluid theory. The generalised stochastic random variable with non-zero mean, variance and skewness is assumed to mathematically model the surface roughness on the bearing surface. Numerical results were obtained for the fluid film pressure, load carrying capacity and the coefficient of friction. It is observed that the combined effect is to increase the load carrying capacity and to decrease the coefficient of friction, which improves the performance of the bearing.     

三瓣式气体箔片径向轴承的静动态特性

针对一种新型三瓣式气体箔片轴承,考虑接触界面库仑摩擦后提出了相应的刚度计算模型,并通过求解动压气体润滑Reynolds方程,计算并分析了轴承的静态特性和动态特性。研究了转速、载荷、轴承预载和轴承安装角对该轴承静动态特性的影响。静态特性方面,轴承预载可以较大程度地提高承载能力,且高转速下承载能力更强;安装角度对承载能力的影响呈正/余弦规律变化,且随着转速增大,最大承载能力所对应的安装角不断减小,并最终稳定在70°。动态方面,轴承动态直接刚度随预载增大而显著增大,阻尼变化较小;轴承动态刚度和阻尼随安装角的变化也表现为正/余弦规律,且随安装角的增大,两直接刚度和两直接阻尼分别呈异步变化趋势。     

弹性变形对径向轴承弹流润滑性能的影响

本文以上具有不同弹性模量、泊松系数的两种轴承材料为例分析了弹性变形对有限长径向滑动轴承的弹流润滑性能的影响。流体动力润滑方程采用雷诺方程,应用力学问题的通用有限元软件ＭＡＲＣ产生柔度矩阵计算弹性变形。对比分析了二种轴承的油膜压力分布、油膜厚度分布、最小油膜厚度以及承载能力。     

Theoretical considerations of static and dynamic characteristics of air foil thrust bearing with tilt and slip flow

The thrust pad of the rotor is used to sustain the axial force generated due to the pressure difference between the compressor and turbine sides of turbomachinery such as gas turbines, compressors, and turbochargers. Furthermore, this thrust pad has a role to maintain and determines the attitude of the rotor. In a real system, it also helps reinforce the stiffness and damping of the journal bearing. This study was performed for the purpose of analyzing the characteristics of the air foil thrust bearing. The model for the air foil thrust bearing used in this study is composed of two parts: one is an inclined plane, which plays a role in increasing the load carrying capacity using the physical wedge effect, and the other is a flat plane. This study mainly consists of three parts. First, the static characteristics were obtained over the region of the thin air film using the finite-difference method (FDM) and the bump foil characteristics using the finite-element method (FEM). Second, the analysis of the dynamic characteristics was conducted by perturbation method. For more exact calculation, the rarefaction gas coefficients perturbed about the pressure and film thickness were taken into consideration. At last, the static and dynamic characteristics of the tilting condition of the thrust pad were obtained. Furthermore, the load carrying capacity and torque were calculated for both tilting and nontilting conditions. From this study, several results were presented: (1) the stiffness and damping of the bump foil under the condition of the various bump parameters, (2) the load carrying capacity and bearing torque at the tilting state, (3) the bearing performance for various bearing parameters, and (4) the effects considering the rarefaction gas coefficients.     

推力滑动轴承表面织构的优化设计

在推力滑动轴承表面设计轴对称分布的扇形直槽织构,以提高轴承的流体动压润滑性能。为对扇形直槽的参数(直槽的数目、深度和面积比)进行优化设计,将轴承的内外径、转速、润滑油黏度、轴承间隙以及直槽参数作为变量,求解不同变量值下的Reynolds方程,得到油膜承载力,运用最小二乘法对承载力的离散数据进行拟合,得到承载力的拟合函数,并推导出摩擦因数的表达式。针对"轴承间隙已知,要求承载力最大或者摩擦因数最小,以及承载力已知,要求轴承间隙最大或者摩擦因数最小"这四种约束条件及优化目标,利用承载力和摩擦因数的拟合公式,得到对应的直槽参数的最优值。通过数值试验,将拟合公式计算的承载力、轴承间隙和摩擦因数与直接求解Reynolds方程得到的结果进行对比,验证了直槽参数优化结果的正确性。设计加工三种具有不同直槽数目和深度的扇形直槽织构并进行摩擦试验,通过对比摩擦因数的计算值和试验值后发现,承载力和摩擦因数的拟合公式在趋势上是正确的,直槽参数的优化结果是可信的。     

A Method for Measuring the Intensity of a Line Load Around a Shaft or Tube

The slip flow effect is considered to estimate the load capacity and the dynamic coefficients of an elastically-supported gas foil hearing when the local Knudsen number for the minimum film thickness is greater than 0.01. The compressible Reynolds equation with slip flow conditions is used to evaluate the load capacity. The linearized dynamic coefficient equations are obtained by the perturbation method. Numerical predictions compare the static and dynamic force performances considering slip flow at room-to-high temperate with the performance of elastically-supported foil bearing without slip flow for a range of bearing compliances and bearing numbers. It has been shown that the slip flow effect on the load capacity and the dynamic coefficients at high temperature is significant in the region of low bearing numbers.