反应堆脉冲中子和γ射线辐照SiGe HBT器件的退火因子及典型直流参数测量分析

本工作测量了反应堆脉冲中子、γ辐照SiGe HBT典型直流电参数和退火因子.在反应堆1×1013 cm2的脉冲中子注量和257 Gy(Si)γ总剂量辐照后,SiGe HBT静态共射极直流增益减小了20%.辐照后基极电流、结漏电流增大,集电极电流、击穿电压减小.初步分析了SiGe HBT瞬态中子、γ辐射损伤机理.     

1MeV中子辐照SiGe HBT器件的数值模拟

分析了SiGe HBT器件中子辐照效应损伤机理。运用MEDICI软件,对SiGe HBT器件中子辐照效应的数值模拟进行了探索性研究。计算了1MeV中子在不同辐照注量下对SiGe HBT器件交直流特征参数的影响规律;中子辐照损伤与SiGe HBT器件中Ge组分含量关系;以及不同缺陷类型对SiGe HBT器件交直流特征参数的影响规律。通过对SiGe HBT器件辐照效应的数值模拟计算,验证了相关辐照实验得出的规律。     

偏置条件对NPN型锗硅异质结双极晶体管电离辐射效应的影响

本文研究了不同偏置条件下国产商用NPN型锗硅异质结双极晶体管(Silicon germanium hetero-junction bipolar transistors,SiGe HBTs)在60Coγ辐射环境中电离辐照响应特性和变化规律。实验结果表明,在0.8 Gy(Si)·s-1剂量率辐照下,总累积剂量达到1.1×104 Gy(Si)时,发射结反向偏置条件下60Coγ射线辐照对SiGe HBTs造成的损伤最大,零偏次之,正偏损伤最小;经过一定时间的退火后,零偏恢复程度最小,而正偏和反偏时的恢复趋势以及程度相同。分析了不同偏置状态下其电离辐照敏感参数随累积总剂量以及退火时间的变化关系,讨论了引起电参数失效的潜在机理。     

功率VDMOS晶体管的抗总剂量辐照研究

对2种不同结构的功率VDMOS晶体管进行了总剂量辐照的试验研究,条形栅结构比元胞型结构具有抗总剂量辐照的结构优势,中国科学院微电子研究所利用条形栅结构制作出高抗总剂量辐照能力的功率VDMOS晶体管,抗总剂量能力可达1 400 krad(Si)以上.     

不同偏置影响SiGe HBT剂量率效应数值模拟

为研究不同偏置条件对SiGe异质结双极晶体管(HBT)剂量率效应的影响,采用半导体模拟软件Sentaurus TCAD构建了SiGe HBT三维数值仿真模型,研究了不同剂量率、不同偏置条件下SiGe HBT在γ瞬时辐照时各端口电流瞬变峰值随时间的变化及Gummel特性曲线的变化。结果表明,器件各端口的电流瞬变峰值随剂量率的增加而增加;不同端口对γ瞬时辐射响应的最劣偏置不同。同一端口在不同偏置条件下的瞬变电流也不同:集电极瞬变电流在衬底反偏时较大,基极瞬变电流在截止偏置时较大,衬底瞬变电流在衬底反偏时较大。产生这些现象的主要原因是不同偏置条件下载流子输运方式的变化和外加电场的影响。     

一种新型高抗辐照可配置SOI器件技术

本文介绍了一种新型的高抗辐照可配置SOI(configurable-SOI, CSOI)器件技术。CSOI器件在制备完成后,可以通过改变配置层电压,实现对总剂量辐照引起的性能退化进行补偿、对单粒子引起寄生晶体管放大进行抑制,从而提升器件的抗辐照性能。基于CSOI工艺,研制出了高抗辐照4kb SRAM验证芯片。辐照实验证实,该芯片的抗总剂量水平达到6 Mrad(Si)、单粒子翻转阈值大于118 (MeV·cm²)/mg,达到国际先进水平,有望应用于深空探测、核应急等极端领域。     

降低晶体管h_（FE）值的电子束辐照工艺的研究

研究了辐照剂量、剂量率、退火温度、退火时间、辐照方法等因素对晶体管ｈＦＥ值（电流放大倍数）的影响。结果表明，电子束辐照能有效地降低晶体管ｈＦＥ值，并能通过退火处理使其稳定。     

总剂量辐照前后CMOS器件阈电压变化的统计分析

本文采用统计分析的方法对大样本互补型金属-氧化物-半导体器件(CMOS)CC4069电路辐照前后的数据进行了处理.比较了研究变量的晶体管阈电压值在辐照前和累积一定辐照剂量后的标准差及统计分布,研究了样品阈电压漂移值的分布规律,由此对应用于航天系统的电子元器件进行有关辐射可靠性筛选的必要性进行了探讨.     

中国低活化马氏体钢在电子辐照下产生位错环的原位观察

高流强的中子辐照在结构材料内部产生严重的级联离位损伤,使得材料性能下降,而辐照缺陷是聚变堆材料性能下降的根本原因.为了研究结构材料在高辐照剂量下的损伤机理,针对中国低活化马氏体钢(CLAM钢),通过使用高能电子辐照来模拟中子对材料造成的高剂量辐照损伤,并对微观结构进行原位观察.进行了辐照下产生的位错环随辐照剂量的演化过程的观察,并分析了位错环浓度和尺寸随辐照剂量和温度的变化规律.     

SiGe/Si(100)外延薄膜材料的应变表征研究

如何表征SiGe／Si异质外延薄膜中的应变对提升SiGe器件的性能至关重要。本文详细介绍了卢瑟福背散射／沟道效应(RBS／C)、高分辨率X射线衍射(HRXRD)和拉曼(Raman)谱等技术表征SiGe薄膜中应变的原理。通过这些实验技术,研究了SiGe／Si外延薄膜在氧气和惰性气体氛围下高温退火前后应变弛豫及离子注入Si衬底上外延生长的SiGe薄膜应变状态。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.