煤矿采区三维地震勘探资料的反演及其岩性解译实例

测井能提供地下介质较准确的岩性参数和具有较高的垂向分辨率,但只局限于井的附近,而地震勘探有较密的横向采样,对岩性的横向变化敏感。利用三维地震资料具有大面积密集采集信息的优势,从平面和立体角度研究煤层厚度及顶底板的岩性变化,推断煤系地层岩性在平面上的变化情况,大大提高三维地震资料的纵、横向分辨率及对地质问题的研究程度。本文介绍了Strata反演软件的原理和流程,通过实际煤矿采区地震勘探资料的处理与资料分析,在大量统计的基础上建立了不同岩性与波阻抗之间的解释标准,说明了在岩性描述中的应用与成果。     

Application of 3D Seismic Data Inversion to Coal Mining Prospecting

1 Introduction3D seismic prospecting plays important roles incoal mining because of it necessity to geologic sur-vey. Owing to using many new theories and tech-nologies, the resolution of 3D coal seismic prospect-ing is increased continuously, the geological structurecan be detected more and more accurate. ButRayleigh's criterion shows that the resolution thresh-old of the seismic reflection wave is λ /4 (λ iswave length of seismic wave ).The resolution of logging data is very high, andit c…     

Particle swarm optimization and its application to seismic inversion of igneous rocks

In order to improve the fine structure inversion ability of igneous rocks for the exploration of underlying strata, based on particle swarm optimization(PSO), we have developed a method for seismic wave impedance inversion. Through numerical simulation, we tested the effects of different algorithm parameters and different model parameterization methods on PSO wave impedance inversion, and analyzed the characteristics of PSO method. Under the conclusions drawn from numerical simulation, we propose the scheme of combining a cross-moving strategy based on a divided block model and high-frequency filtering technology for PSO inversion. By analyzing the inversion results of a wedge model of a pitchout coal seam and a coal coking model with igneous rock intrusion, we discuss the vertical and horizontal resolution, stability and reliability of PSO inversion. Based on the actual seismic and logging data from an igneous area, by taking a seismic profile through wells as an example, we discuss the characteristics of three inversion methods, including model-based wave impedance inversion, multi-attribute seismic inversion based on probabilistic neural network(PNN) and wave impedance inversion based on PSO.And we draw the conclusion that the inversion based on PSO method has a better result for this igneous area.     

An evaluation of deep thin coal seams and water-beating/resisting layers in the quaternary system using seismic inversion

Non-liner wave equation inversion, wavelet analysis and artificial neural networks were used to obtain stratum parame-ters and the distribution of thin coal seams. The lithology of the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system was also predicted. The implementation process included calculating the well log parameters, stratum contrasting the seismic data and the well logs, and extracting, studying and predicting seismic attributes. Seismic inversion parameters, including the layer velocity and wave impedance, were calculated and effectively used for prediction and analysis. Prior knowledge and seismic interpretation were used to remedy a dearth of seismic data during the inversion procedure. This enhanced the stability of the inversion method. Non-linear seismic inversion and artificial neural networks were used to interpret coal seismic lithology and to study the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system. Interpretation of the 1-2 m thin coal seams, and also of the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system, is provided. The upper mining limit can be lifted from 60 m to 45 m. The pre-dictions show that this method can provide reliable data useful for thin coal seam exploitation and for lifting the upper mining limit, which is one of the principles of green mining.     

煤田采区火成岩分布地震反演技术的应用研究

将基于模型的地震反演技术应用于国桩采区地震资料岩性解释过程中．首先对基于模型的地震反演原理进行了阐述，并针对煤田测井数据特点进行了数据处理与分析，然后对地震子渡进行了分析提取，实现了精细的火威岩的层位标定．通过对国桩采区的火成岩及煤系地层进行的综合地质分析，利用地震反演技术实现了火成岩与煤系地层的薄层分布信息预测．结果表明，该方法有效的提高地了地震数据的分辨率，能解释常规剖面上不易识别出的一些地质现象，为采区火成岩的分布，薄煤层的开采、有利区带的评价提供详实的信息。     

常用的几种反演软件的比较

由于隐蔽性油气藏的形成和发育地质条件十分复杂,岩性储集体在空间的分布寸有很强的非均质性,从而大大增加了勘探开发的困难.由此,为了提高地震资料的分辨率,最大限度地利用地震资料中的有用信息,各种各样的反演方法被提了出来,并在实际的使用过程中不断完善,在世界各地各个油田为勘探开发解决了大量的地质问题.(1)介绍了地震反演技术产生的原因,发展过程,技术现状,以及未来的发展趋势;(2)对几种常用的主流反演软件的主要技术、特点、适用范围、应用限制等方面进行了简单的比较.     

苏里格气田S区块有效砂岩储层波阻抗反演

苏里格气田S区块储层具有低孔、低渗、非均质性强的特点,储层埋深较大,有效砂岩储层薄。且地表为沙漠、半沙漠环境,煤层发育,地震信号屏蔽现象严重,地震资料分辨率低,有效砂岩储层地震响应特征不明显,地震响应隐含于薄互层复合响应中,由此地震资料获取的波阻抗反演结果无法识别有效砂岩储层。为此,针对该问题,提出了解决方案：应用HFE高分辨率处理技术对地震数据进行重新处理,在保真的基础上改善地震数据分辨率,然后在高分辨率地震数据基础上进行AIW波阻抗反演获取波阻抗数据体识别有效砂岩储层。研究结果表明,应用HFE高分辨率技术及AIW波阻抗反演方法后,原始地震数据的品质得到了较大改善,分辨率得到了较大提高,且AIW波阻抗反演结果与井数据吻合较好,为HFE高分辨率处理技术及AIW波阻抗反演方法在其他油气田的应用提供一定的经验和参考价值。     

Integrative method in lithofacies characteristics and 3D velocity volume of the Permian igneous rocks in H area,Tarim Basin

This paper introduces horizon control, seismic control, logging control and facies control methods through the application of the least squares fitting of logging curves, seismic inversion and facies-controlled techniques. Based on the microgeology and thin section analyses, the lithology, lithofacies and periods of the Permian igneous rocks are described in detail. The seismic inversion and facies-controlled techniques were used to find the distribution characteristics of the igneous rocks and the 3D velocity volume. The least squares fitting of the logging curves overcome the problem that the work area is short of density logging data. Through analysis of thin sections, the lithofacies can be classified into eruption airfall subfacies, eruption pyroclastic flow subfacies and eruption facies.     

煤炭高密度三维地震勘探一体化技术的应用

针对以往煤炭三维地震勘探中普遍存在的地震数据采集、地震资料处理和地震资料解释三个环节衔接不紧,相互脱节,影响勘探精度的问题,提出煤炭高密度三维地震勘探一体化技术方法,即在采集方面采用了单点激发、单点数字检波器小道距接收技术等;在资料处理方面采用小面元处理技术、重构去噪技术、分时剩余静校正技术、叠前时间偏移技术等;在资料解释方面采用正演模型技术、三维可视化技术、综合地震属性技术等。这些技术相互依托,相互渗透形成了煤炭高密度三维地震勘探一体化技术,该技术提高了煤炭地震勘探区的总体勘探精度。实践表明,一体化技术在HNDJ-GQ勘探区的应用中取得了良好的地质效果,在现如今煤炭砂泥岩互层复杂地区值得应用与推广。     

地震信息中富水特性的分析

地震勘探取得的地震资料中包含了丰富的地质信息,目前地震资料主要用于解决地质构造问题,其中蕴含的水和瓦斯等岩性信息没有得到充分利用.针对某矿勘探地震资料包含富水信息的反演成果与瞬变电磁法的探测范围及钻孔水文资料标定分析成果进行联合对比分析,吻合性较好.由此可见,从地震资料中提取富水信息是可行的,在实际运用中不仅为矿方提供更为准确的水文地质资料而且也节省了成本,取得了较好的经济效益.     

Subtle traps prediction using sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic technology: A case study from Qikou depression in Huanghua basin

Forecasting subtle traps by sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic data is a sensitive topic in hydrocarbon exploration. Research on subtle traps by geophysical data is the most popular and difficult. Based on the sufficiently drilling data, log data, core data and 3D seismic data, sediment sequence of Qikou depression, Huanghua basin was partitioned by using sequence stratigraphy theory. Each sediment sequence system mode was built. Sediment faces of subtle traps were pointed out. Dominating factors forming subtle traps were analyzed. Sandstone seismic rock physics and its response were studied in Tertiary System. Sandstone geophysical response and elastic modulus vary laws with pressure, temperature, porosity, depth were built. Experimental result and practice shows that it is possible using seismic information forecasting subtle traps. Integrated using geology, log, drilling data, special seismic processing technique, interpretation technique, high precision horizon calibration technique, 3D seismic visualizing interpretation, seismic coherence analysis, attribute analysis, logging-constrained inversion, time frequency analysis, subtle traps object is identified and interpreted. Finally, advantage object of subtle trap in this area was determined. Bottomland sand stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs in Qinan slope zone have been founded by means of high resolution 3D seismic data field technique, high resolution 3D seismic data processing technique and seismic wave impedence inversion technique. Foundation item: Project(2003034470) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China; project supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University     

二维地震勘探在找煤中的应用

随着地震勘探技术的快速发展,二维地震勘探在找煤工作中具有越来越重要的指导作用。豫中南某煤预查区在20世纪50年代就曾做过煤田预测工作,但由于覆盖层较厚,当时技术手段单一、仪器落后、方法陈旧、资金短缺等原因,对深部构造认识不清,找矿未能有大的突破,但从以往资料分析认为该区有较好的成煤岩系存在,找煤前景较好。本文通过地震勘探在该区找煤中的应用实例,说明运用现代地震勘探技术能够获得高分辨的地震资料,很好地指导了钻探验证孔的布设和后续设计工作的开展。     

二维地震勘探在洛阳找煤中的应用与效果

煤炭资源是我国重要的能源,随着煤炭资源的需求日益增长和煤炭资源剩余量的日益减少,容易勘探和易开采的煤炭资源更少,这就要求在勘探煤炭资源的方法上有所突破和创新,对煤炭资源进行更精确的勘探,这就要求勘探的分辨率必须更高。地震勘探在分辨率方面有高于其他物探方法的优势,本文介绍了二维地震勘探方法在洛阳低山丘陵区找煤中的应用。该区浅表存在发育钙质结核层和泥灰岩层,根据工区地震地质条件,选择合理的野外工作参数,通过资料处理及解释,取得了较好的地质成果。     

地震属性技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用研究

介绍了地震属性技术的特点和专业术语 ,阐述了同相轴属性和数据体属性参数的提取方法 .利用实例说明了该技术在识别断层及其它构造、解释煤层厚度变化、预测奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙等的具体应用情况 .认为在煤田地震勘探中 ,利用地震属性信息有助于解释人员了解地下构造、地层和岩性特征     

基于2．5D模型和3D模型的重震联合反演对比分析

由于三维可视化显示技术的复杂性和任意形状、多个沉积层模型三维正演计算的复杂性,目前国内外大多采用2．8D模型。本文根据南方海相油气勘探的实际情况,编制了基于8D模型的可视化重震交互反演系统。通过理论模型的验证,对实际资料处理结果的对比,8D重震联合反演克服了2D或2．8D模型难以模拟复杂地质构造带的问题,较好地解决了海相地区地震资料品质差、信噪比低导致地震解释模糊甚至无法给出解释的困难,取得了明显的地质解释效果。     

Subtle traps prediction using sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic technology: A case study from Qikou depression in Huanghua basin

Forecasting subtle traps by sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic data is a sensitive topic in hydrocarbon exploration. Research on subtle traps by geophysical data is the most popular and difficult. Based on the sufficiently drilling data, log data, core data and 3D seismic data, sediment sequence of Qikou depression, Huanghua basin was partitioned by using sequence stratigraphy theory. Each sediment sequence system mode was built. Sediment faces of subtle traps were pointed out. Dominating factors forming subtle traps were analyzed. Sandstone seismic rock physics and its response were studied in Tertiary System. Sandstone geophysical response and elastic modulus vary laws with pressure, temperature, porosity, depth were built. Experimental result and practice shows that it is possible using seismic information forecasting subtle traps. Integrated using geology, log, drilling data, special seismic processing technique, interpretation technique, high precision horizon calibration technique, 3D seismic visualizing interpretation, seismic coherence analysis, attribute analysis, logging-constrained inversion, time frequency analysis, subtle trapsobject is identified and interpreted. Finally, advantage object of subtle trap in this area was determined. Bottomland sand stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs in Qinan slope zone have been founded by means of high resolution 3D seismic data field technique, high resolution 3D seismic data processing technique and seismic wave impendence inversion technique.     

利用拟声波曲线进行高分辨率地震反演

由于地下情况的复杂性和地震原始资料的分辨率的影响,要得到一个令地质家和地球物理学家满意的结果还是相当困难,特别是井约束反演都要用到声波曲线,当声波曲线由于各方面的影响不能反映储层的真实情况时,反演的结果就会与实际情况相差很大,针对这种情况,提出了拟声波的方法来解决这个问题.介绍了测井约束波阻抗反演技术和拟声波技术的原理及方法.该反演方法是基于初始模型的反演方法,利用拟声波曲线代替声波曲线来建立初始模型,并进行波阻抗反演,可以大大提高反演结果对储层反映的精确度.该方法在实际的应用过程中得到了很好的效果.     

叠前反演技术在江汉油田马王庙地区的应用

叠前反演是油气勘探领域中的一项新技术,它利用不同炮检距道集数据以及横波、纵波、密度等测井资料,联合反演出与岩性、含油气性相关的多种弹性参数,来综合判别储层分布及含油气性.通过在马王庙地区的实际应用,发现本区对岩性和流体的敏感性参数分别是μρ、λρ.利用这两个参数预测出了有利的储集分布区,有效地指导研究区井位部署,为油气...     

黄土塬区煤炭勘查工作中二维地震勘探工作方法

在宁夏中南部黄土塬地区的煤炭勘查工作中,先期的二维地震勘探成果对地质勘探土程布设至关重要．由于黄土高原以强烈剥蚀形成的黄土塬、梁、峁、深切沟谷等,地形条件差,导致二维地震测线的布设不能按正规网度进行,通过研究黄土物理特性和激发因素与表层黄土结构之间的关系,优选激发井位和井深,同时采用小道距、小线距、高密度空间采样技术,获得高信噪比、高分辩率地震资料,经试验沿湾沟布设地震测线,数据处理后能基本反映出地下各地质体形态、埋深等信息,为后期地质勘探工作顺利开展提供了保证．     

小波变换在煤田地震勘探中的应用

煤田地震勘探方法是以水平叠加技术为中心的,在分辨率要求甚高的采区地震勘探中,水平叠加剖面的分辨率无法达到勘探精度的要求,针对这一问题,介绍了小波变换的基本原理及其时间－频率局域化性质。通过理论模型研究,证明小波变换可以同时提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率,从而进一步提高勘探精度,将小波和于实际地震资料的处理,在分解后的高尺度剖面上,能有效地保护地震信号中的高频成分,提高地震剖面的分辨率,从而能校准确地识别小波层与计算煤层厚度。