环境影响评价中的公众参与实践

随着可持续发展战略日益深入到社会经济生活的各个方面,中国环境影响评价公众参与法制建设也日趋完善,公众参与已是环境影响评价中不可或缺的重要内容,笔者结合公众参与工作实践,论述了环境影响评价中公众参与的方式和有效性。     

我国环境影响评价公众参与制度浅析

公众参与是环境影响评价制度一项不可或缺的重要内容,并已经成为各国环评的一项基本内容。本文从公众参与主体、环境信息权及环保NGO的作用三方面分析了我国公众参与环评存在的一些主要问题,并在此基础上提出了一些改进对策。     

浅析建设项目环境影响评价中的公众参与

公众参与是建设项目环境影响评价工作的重要纽成部分。通过对公众参与的目的及作用的分析,阐述了公众参与的重要性,对公众参与中存在的问题提出了对策和建议。     

日本环境影响评价中的公众参与及其借鉴

分析了日本环境影响评价中公众参与机制的发展历程、实施情况、教育方式和法律保障体系,并提出完善我国公众参与机制的有效途径。     

如何提高环境影响评价中公众参与的有效性

简述了环境影响评价中公众参与的慨念．分析了公众参与的必然性,指出了目前环境影响评价中,公众参与存在的问题,通过分析．提出若干建议？     

环境影响评价中公众参与有效性的研究

公众参与是环境影响评价工作的基础,占据十分重要的地位。公众的真实想法与建议,能够真实地反映出环境影响评价工作中存在的问题与不足,同时可有效地提高环境影响评价工作水平,促使环境影响评价战略的实施更加公开透明化。基于此,通过分析现阶段我国公众参与环境影响评价中存在的问题,提出了具体措施。     

环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题及对策

在我国的环境影响评价中公众参与占据了重要的位置,它在环境影响中起着特殊的作用。针对我国环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题进行分析,并且提出相应的解决策略。     

环境影响评价中的公众参与存在的问题研究综述

随着人们环境意识的提高,公众参与已经成为环境影响评价中不可或缺的环节之一,同时,公众参与在环境保护管理中也发挥着重要的作用。但在实际环境影响评价实践中,公众参与仍存在着许多问题。文章通过公众参与的参与主体、实施主体、信息传递过程、公众参与的制度和形式四个方面概述分析公众参与存在的问题,并提出简要的对策。     

公众参与在环境影响评价中的应用与探讨

本文简述公众参与环境影响评价的研究进展,分析了我国目前公众参与环境影响评价的有效性和存在的问题,提出了提高环境影响评价中公众参与有效性的具体措施。通过本文的研究,希望能够促进环境影响评价中公众参与有效性的提高,使环境影响评价更好的发挥其有效作用,为我国的环境管理提供有益参考。     

提高输变电工程环境影响评价公众参与有效性研究

文章以东莞市某220 k V输变电工程项目为例,分析了输变电工程环境影响评价中公众参与的现状和存在的问题,从立法、合理确定公众参与主体、加强环境科普宣教、完善公众参与的调查内容设计等方面提出了提高输变电公众环境影响评价公众参与有效性的建议。     

核电站三回路环氧树脂涂层性能研究

用加速老化方法,将环氧涂层整体浸入水中,通过提高温度和湿度来加速其老化过程。真空减重和浸没吸水增重实验表明,70℃时BT 300M材料的水分子扩散系数为1.39×10-6cm2/s;70℃和90℃下2 400 h的浸没老化过程中,BT 300M红外光谱的变化很小,氧化反应被抑制,仅羟基含量有所上升,对实验温度的变化不是很敏感。     

脐橙皮渣活性炭对水中低浓度Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

利用脐橙皮渣为原料制备的活性炭吸附水中低浓度的Cu(Ⅱ),从pH值、吸附时间、活性炭投入量、Cu(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度等因素探讨了活性炭对低浓度含铜废水的吸附性能,并分析了其吸附等温模型。结果表明,脐橙皮渣活性炭以中孔为主,对吸附低浓度含Cu(Ⅱ)废水过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,有pH条件环境友好、吸附速度快、活性炭用量少等优点。在pH 6.0,活性炭投入量0.2 g/L,吸附时间25 min条件下,浓度5.0 mg/L以下的含Cu(Ⅱ)水体都可以被处理至低于1.0 mg/L。     

核电厂危险化学品使用及贮存设施设计

核电厂的运行和检修过程用到多种化学品,其中一部分属于危险化学品. 核电厂中,危险化学品安全与核安全不直接相关,但其危害可能会与核安全叠加,从而将危害放大,因此核电厂危险化学品的设计和管理非常重要. 以二代改进型的M310压水堆核电厂为例,结合多个机组的设计实践,对核电厂中的危险化学品进行分析,并对主要危险化学品贮存设施的设计和管理进行论述. 经辨识,核电厂贮存使用的危险化学品不属于重大危险源;贮存设施设计方案严格按照标准规范执行,结合核电厂的特点设计足够的安全措施,措施完备并满足危险化学品日益严格的监管要求,保证了核电厂内的危险化学品的安全.     

化工建设项目环境影响评价中提高清洁生产水平的方法探讨

充分利用环境影响评价工程分析的结果和清洁生产原理,研究开发化工建设项目清洁生产的中高费方案,作为污染防治的主要措施,可提高建设项目环境影响评价的清洁生产水平和环评质量,改变末端治理为全过程控制,以实现节能、降耗、减污、增效的目标,谋求经济效益和环境效益的同步协调发展。     

利用煤矸石制砖的环境影响分析

以晋城康厦建材有限公司的煤矸石砖生产线为例,探讨了利用煤矸石制砖可能造成的环境影响,并针对采取的防治措施进行了评价,肯定了此工艺的可行性。     

Performance assessment of a fixed-bed gasification pilot plant for combined power generation and hydrogen production

Large-scale hydrogen production through near zero emissions gasification plants represents a reliable technology which is being seriously considered for its potential economical implications. However, the application of these technologies is currently subject to high capital and operating costs. This needs great scientific and technical effort to optimize the processes and the equipment, to reduce the hydrogen production cost.In this context, a flexible and fully equipped pilot platform has been built up in the Sotacarbo Research Centre, in order to study several integrated gasification and syngas treatment process configurations for a CO₂-free combined production of hydrogen and electrical energy, to be used in medium and small-scale commercial plants. The platform includes pilot scale fixed-bed up-draft gasifiers, equipped with a flexible and complete syngas treatment line.This paper reports the main results obtained in the pilot plant during the last experimental campaign which has been carried out to improve the plant performance. In particular, a series of experimental tests has been performed in order to optimize the coal gasification process in different operating conditions. Moreover, a mention of the overall plant performance, based on the experimental results, has been presented, with particular reference to hydrogen, carbon and pollutant emissions.     

A multi-objective analysis for the retrofit of a pulverized coal power plant with a CO2 capture and compression process

The long term sustainability of fossil energy systems depends on reducing their carbon footprint and freshwater consumption. Much of the United States is or will be experiencing water shortages in the near future. Since power generation accounts for about a third of all freshwater use, reducing freshwater requirements will be of increasing importance. In addition, recent reports indicate that adding a carbon capture system may double water consumption. Thus, when designing a carbon capture and compression system, it is important to consider not only the direct costs, but also the increased environmental burden associated with increased freshwater requirements. To address these interrelated sustainability issues, a modular framework for multi-objective analysis was developed and demonstrated by minimizing freshwater consumption and levelized cost of electricity for the retrofit of a hypothetical 550 MW subcritical pulverized coal power plant with an MEA-based carbon capture and compression system.     

核电厂小尺寸阀门内壁新型冲蚀减缓技术的研发应用

以WCB钢为基材,采用国产化小型超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)设备喷涂Ni60镍基合金涂层.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)分析、显微硬度计测试、拉伸试验、磨粒磨损试验和冲蚀磨损试验,考察了Ni60涂层的组织形貌、微观结构、孔隙率、显微硬度、结合强度、耐磨粒磨损性能和耐冲蚀磨损性能,并对实际小尺寸疏水阀门内壁进行喷涂,分析该工艺的实际可行性.结果表明,所制备的Ni60涂层的孔隙率为(0.27±0.04)％,显微硬度为843 HV(载荷300 g),界面结合强度高达200 MPa以上.该涂层主要由弥散分布着碳化物等硬质相的Ni基固溶体组成,具有比WCB基材更优良的耐磨粒磨损和耐冲蚀性能,其冲蚀失效形式主要为犁沟加塑形变形.小尺寸阀门内壁经喷涂后,表面涂层质量及配合性均符合要求.     

细颗粒物PM2.5的污染特征及环评工作的应对研究

综述了国内外对细颗粒物PM2.5的研究进展,梳理了其来源、化学组成、在颗粒物中所占比重及对环境和人群的影响效应,并且针对其污染特征,对环境影响评价中PM2.5的相关工作现状进行了分析,对今后工作的发展提出了建议。     

An optimization model for evaluating the economic impact of availability and maintenance notions during the synthesis and design of a power plant

In this paper, we introduce an optimization strategy in order to comprehensively quantify the impact of availability and maintenance notions during the early stages of synthesis and design of a new natural gas combined cycle power plant. A detailed state-space approach is thoroughly discussed, where influence of maintenance funds on each component's repair rate is directly assessed.In this context, analysis of the reliability characteristics of the system is centered at two designer-adopted parameters, which largely influence the obtained results: the number of components which may fail independently at the same time, and the number of simultaneous failure/repair events.Then, optimal solutions are evaluated as the availability-related parameters and the amount of resources assigned for maintenance actions are varied across a wide range of feasible values, which enable obtaining more accurate and detailed estimations of the expected economic performance for the project when compared with traditional economic evaluation approaches.