烯唑醇对小麦幼苗生长的调节作用

烯唑醇(diniconazole)是一种新的高效、低毒、广谱的内吸性杀菌剂,可以有效地防治小麦白粉病、锈病、黑粉病和纹枯病以及其他作物的多种病害。但据Kvien(1987)报道,烯唑醇用于根系或茎叶处理,抑制了花生茎叶     

穿心莲内酯对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

探究穿心莲内酯对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。采用不同质量浓度穿心莲内酯浸种处理,以清水和生物源植物生长调节剂油菜素内酯为对照,测定发芽率、发芽势、根长、苗高、鲜质量、干质量等指标。结果表明,随着穿心莲内酯质量浓度的升高,其促进作用先升高后降低,质量浓度150 mg/L的穿心莲内酯溶液对小麦种苗生长促进作用明显,为研究绿色农业植物生长调节物质提供基础。     

腐植酸拌种对春小麦幼苗生长的影响

腐植酸液肥是一种新型全元、高效复合液体肥料。该肥含植物生长所需的大中微量元素以及肥料增效剂、活性剂等有效成份,集有机与无机、速效与缓效于一身,可在作物全生育期内以浸(拌)种、蘸根、叶喷等方式施用。具有促进作物根系生长,提高叶绿素含量,改善作物品质,早熟增产,抗病虫,耐低温     

甘薯淀粉高吸水树脂促进干旱条件下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的研究

主要研究了干旱条件下,甘薯淀粉高吸水树脂作为包衣剂对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响规律,为该高吸水树脂在农业生产中的应用提供依据。实验在模拟干旱条件下,考查了未包衣与有包衣(甘薯淀粉高吸水树脂与小麦质量比分别为1∶30,1∶40,1∶50,1∶60,1∶70)下小麦种子的发芽率、苗高,还考查了小麦幼苗的H_2O_2、MDA、叶绿素含量,幼苗自由基清除相关酶SOD、CAT、POD、GPX、APX活性与自由基清除剂GSH、ASA含量的变化。结果表明:小麦种子经甘薯淀粉高吸水树脂包衣后,提高了种子的发芽率、幼苗自由基清除相关酶的活性及自由基清除剂的含量,有效减轻了小麦幼苗的膜脂过氧化作用,大大改善了干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长状况。同时不同包衣质量比下的差异也较大,质量比1∶50效果最好。     

钙离子胁迫对薏米幼苗生长的影响

为解析钙离子胁迫对薏米幼苗生长影响的生理机制,以薏米幼苗为研究对象,探索其在不同浓度钙离子胁迫下的生理变化。薏米在培养至大部分幼苗2片叶片展开时,分别浇施含有不同钙量的霍格兰德营养液,处理7 d,根据薏米幼苗叶片的形态变化确定处理浓度,同时对薏米幼苗的含水量、总可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性进行测定。结果显示随着钙胁迫浓度增加,植株生长受到的抑制程度逐渐加强,植株高度逐渐降低,叶片的颜色变黄及叶片卷曲程度加深。同时,薏米幼苗的含水量逐渐降低,MDA含量和SOD活性逐渐升高,总可溶性糖含量、CAT活性、POD活性、均呈先升高后下降的趋势。表明钙离子对薏米幼苗主要产生渗透胁迫作用。     

烟酰胺对小麦萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以小麦种子烟农19为试验材料,采用培养皿纸上发芽法,以纯水为对照,研究不同浓度烟酰胺溶液对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:烟酰胺溶液浓度为25 mg/L时,处理效果最佳.小麦种子发芽势、发芽率显著提高,分别增加了25.27％、15.58％;小麦幼苗的株高、根长,幼苗的鲜重均显著增加,其中株高增加了36.16％,根长增加了131.47％,幼苗的鲜重增加了38.89％,a-淀粉酶和叶绿素也分别增加了98.40％、87.69％,为研究烟酰胺作为小麦种子包衣剂成分提供了较好的试验基础.     

腐植酸钠对镉胁迫小麦幼苗的生物效应

研究镉(Cd)胁迫土壤中施用腐植酸钠对小麦幼苗的生物效应,探讨腐植酸钠在抗重金属胁迫方面的生理作用。以春小麦品种为试验材料,采用盆栽试验的方法研究腐植酸钠不同施肥方式(种子浸种、土壤灌施、土壤混施)对Cd胁迫小麦幼苗生长发育及矿质元素(Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cd)吸收和累积的影响。采用不同施肥方式施用腐植酸     

盐胁迫下黄腐酸对大豆种子萌发及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为研究盐胁迫条件下黄腐酸(FA)对大豆种子萌发及抗氧化酶活性的影响,以微生物降解褐煤产生的FA为实验材料,研究了其在大豆萌发过程中对根部过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫条件下,低浓度(100、200 mg/L)的FA会提高大豆种子萌发过程中根部CAT及POD的活性,而高浓度(1000 mg/L)的FA作用恰恰相反。低浓度(100 mg/L)的FA降低大豆种子萌发过程中根部MDA的含量。综上得出,100 mg/L的FA可以提高大豆种子萌发过程中对盐胁迫的适应力。     

镁合金铈盐转化液配方的研究

以航空ZM-5镁合金材料为研究对象,采用浓度变量法,对CeCl_3-NaCl-H_2O_2体系中各物质量的最佳配比进行研究,并采用0.05 g KMnO_4,1 mL HNO_3,100 mL H_2O溶液进行膜层腐蚀实验。结果表明,当体系中NaCl浓度为10 g/dm³,H_2O_2浓度为6 mL/dm3,H_2O_2浓度为6 mL/dm³,CeCl_3的浓度为5 g/dm3,CeCl_3的浓度为5 g/dm³时,镁合金表面转化膜层的耐腐蚀性能最好。     

硫化钠对镀锌钢表面铈盐转化膜耐蚀性的影响

采用硝酸亚铈、六偏磷酸钠组成的转化液,在镀锌钢表面制备了铈盐转化膜,研究了硫化钠(Na2S)对其耐蚀改性作用。通过中性盐雾(NSS)试验考察了Na2S质量浓度、pH、温度、时间等工艺条件对转化膜耐蚀性的影响,通过单因素试验得到最佳转化条件为：Na2S 6 g/L,温度25°C,pH 0.8,转化时间3 min。用扫描电镜和能谱分析了有无Na2S改性的铈盐转化膜的形貌结构及成分,用Tafel极化曲线法比较了它们的耐蚀性。结果表明,加入Na2S增强了铈盐转化膜与镀锌钢基体的附着力,提高了O、P、Ce等主要耐蚀成分的含量,耐盐雾腐蚀时间由改性前的24 h延长到改性后的96 h,耐蚀性显著提高。     

Effects of three phenolic acids on chlorophyll content and ions uptake in cowpea seedlings

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that interfering with chlorophyll metabolism and ion uptake may be mechanisms through which some phenolic acids inhibit the growth of cowpea seedlings. Three concentrations (10^–4 M, 5 × 10^–4 M, and 10^–3 M) of each of syringic, caffeic, and protocatechuic acids were used to test their effects using sand-culture medium. It was found that seedling growth, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and the uptake of N, P, K, Fe, and Mo were significantly reduced by most of the test concentrations of the phenolic acids. However, chlorophyll b content and the Mg uptake were not significantly affected by all the phenolic acid concentrations. Calcium uptake was significantly inhibited by 5 × 10^–4 M and 10^–3 M of caffeic acid and 5 × 10^–4 M of protocatechuic acid. In most cases, the reduction in dry weight was parallel to the reduction in chlorophyll content and ion uptake, and the reduction in chlorophyll was also parallel to the reduction in ion uptake. The relationships among the inhibition of dry weights, chlorophyll content, and ion uptake are briefly discussed.     

Effects of three phenolic acids on chlorophyll content and growth of soybean and grain sorghum seedlings

Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that interference with chlorophyll metabolism may be one mechanism of inhibition of plant growth in allelopathic interactions. Effects of ferulic,p-coumaric, and vanillic acids on soybean and grain sorghum growth and chlorophyll content were quantified and compared after seedlings were treated with these compounds in a nutrient culture. Following a 6-day treatment cycle, dry weights of soybean seedlings were reduced by both 10^–3 M and 5 × 10^–4 M treatments of ferulic,p-coumaric and vanillic acids. Soybean weight reductions in each case were paralleled by a significant reduction in the concentration (g Chl/mg dry wt) of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll in the unifoliate leaves. Sorghum seedling growth was also reduced by each of the compounds at the 5 × 10^–4 M level, but leaf chlorophyll concentration was not below that of control plants.     

Validation of a QTL on Chromosome 1DS Showing a Major Effect on Salt Tolerance in Winter Wheat

Salt stress is one the most destructive abiotic stressors, causing yield losses in wheat worldwide. A prerequisite for improving salt tolerance is the identification of traits for screening genotypes and uncovering causative genes. Two populations of F₃ lines developed from crosses between sensitive and tolerant parents were tested for salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Based on their response, the offspring were classified as salt sensitive and tolerant. Under saline conditions, tolerant genotypes showed lower Na⁺ and proline content but higher K⁺, higher chlorophyll content, higher K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, higher PSII activity levels, and higher photochemical efficiency, and were selected for further molecular analysis. Five stress responsive QTL identified in a previous study were validated in the populations. A QTL on the short arm of chromosome 1D showed large allelic effects in several salt tolerant related traits. An expression analysis of associated candidate genes showed that TraesCS1D02G052200 and TraesCS5B02G368800 had the highest expression in most tissues. Furthermore, qRT-PCR expression analysis revealed that ZIP-7 had higher differential expressions under saline conditions compared to KefC, AtABC8 and 6-SFT. This study provides information on the genetic and molecular basis of salt tolerance that could be useful in development of salt-tolerant wheat varieties.