江西相山矿田邹家山铀矿床特富矿石流体包裹体特征:来自共生磷灰石-紫黑色细晶萤石等矿物制约

在相山矿田成矿流体研究中,前人一般选择成矿晚期结晶良好、透明度高的脉石矿物中的流体包裹体进行研究,其结果难以准确反映成矿流体的信息。基于此,选择江西相山矿田邹家山铀矿床特富矿石中与铀矿物紧密共生的磷灰石及其伴生微细晶透明矿物作为研究对象,通过岩相学观察、扫描电镜能谱分析及流体包裹体研究,讨论该矿床的成矿流体性质,以期为成矿流体来源的判断与成矿过程的研究提供新资料。结果表明:特富铀矿石中与铀矿物密切共生的磷灰石可分为两类。一类为含黑色矿物包裹体的微晶磷灰石(Ap1型),晶形较差,形状不规则,透明度较差,粒度小,推测为主成矿阶段产物,与之共生的主要有微晶石英和紫黑色细晶萤石,同属主成矿阶段产物; 另一类为中粗晶磷灰石(Ap2型),自形程度高,形状规则,部分呈六方柱形,粒度大,推测为成矿晚阶段产物。主成矿阶段,紫黑色细晶萤石中流体包裹体气体成分主要为H₂,微晶石英中流体包裹体气体成分主要为O₂和CO₂,指示了成矿流体中的气体组分以H₂、O₂为主,可能含有少量的CO₂,说明成矿流体具有富H₂的深源流体加入。主成矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度为270 ℃～330 ℃,盐度为5%～9% NaCl_eq,成矿晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度为180 ℃～220 ℃,盐度为4%～10% NaCl_eq,成矿温度最低为180 ℃。特富铀矿石中成矿期磷灰石及其共生脉石矿物中流体包裹体组合特征较好地指示了铀主成矿阶段的流体性质。     

新疆彩霞山铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究

应用均一法、激光拉曼显微探针法研究彩霞山铅锌矿床的流体包裹体,发现其类型主要有单相盐水溶 液包裹体、气液两相盐水溶液包裹体两类,测得均一温度为180℃～310℃,最佳成矿温度为190℃～220℃,属 中低温矿床,代表矿区主要的成矿阶段。测得包裹体的冰点温度为-23.2℃～-0.8℃,盐度为1.4%～ 23.18%。气液两相包裹体中液相成分以水为主,气相成分以二氧化碳为主,单液相包裹体中成分为w(H2O)> w(CO2)。再据分馏方程计算得到热液水δ(18OH2O)为7～8。结果表明,矿床的形成与岩浆活动有关,矿床成因 应划归于与中酸性侵入岩浆活动有关的中低温热液脉状矿床。     

Characteristics of Ore-Forming Fluids of Gold Deposits in Daqingshan District, Inner Mongolia, China

Locatedinthemid-westoflimerMongolia.Daqingshandistricthasmanygolddepositsoccurringalongaeast-weststrikingductileshearzonewithinagreelt,whichismainlycomposedoftheArcheanWulashangroup.Thehydrothermalmineralizationcanbedividedintofourstages:(1)pyrite-quartz,(2)quartz-Pyrite,(3)polymetallicsulfidesand(4)carbonates-quartz.Themajormetalylicmineralsintheoreofgold-bearingveinsarenativegold,electrum,pyrite,chalcopyriteandgalena,buttheganguemineralsaremainlyquartz,secondarilysericite,ankeriteandexcite.Prinipalalterationpatternsinthegolddepositsaresericithation,silicification,pyritizationcarbonatizationandchlorization.Aninvestigationonfluindinclusionsshowsthattheore-formingfluidswerelowinsalinitieandhighinCO2content,MeasuredδDoffluidinclusionsinquartzfromtheoreveinsrangesfrom-65‰to-104‰,butδ18Oquartzfrom10.0‰to12.8‰.Thesedatashowthatthewaterinhydrothermalfluidprecipitatingtheorebodiescouldhavebeenmainlymagmaticwaterandmetamorphicwaterbutlocalmeteoricwatermighttakepartinthelatemineralization.δ13Cfromfl     

滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿流体包裹体地球化学特征

为了探讨玄武岩铜矿成矿流体的特征,对滇黔交界地区峨眉山玄武岩铜矿3个成矿期次铜矿石中石英和方解石的气液包裹体进行了激光拉曼成分研究和均一温度、盐度测定,对古石油包裹体通过荧光显微镜进行了成分鉴定。结果表明:第1、2期次成矿流体主要为盆地卤水,其气液包裹体气液比小(一般5%～10%),w(NaCl)为8%～22%,气相为甲烷,液相为水,无子晶及液相CO₂,均一温度为80℃～260℃;第2期次成矿流体除盆地卤水外,还有以古石油为代表的有机流体,古石油包裹体由液态烃、固体沥青和气相组成,均一温度变化大(30℃～290℃),液态烃以荧光性强的芳烃为主;第3期次成矿流体具有大气降水成因,其气液包裹体气液比一般为5%～10%,w(NaCl)<4%,无子晶及液相CO₂,均一温度140℃～270℃,但以小于200℃为主。从第1期次到第3期次,成矿流体盐度逐渐降低,特别是第3期次的盐度非常低,但温度变化不明显。本区最重要的自然铜沉淀富集成矿是第2期次不同性质成矿流体混合或成矿流体与有机流体混合、有机质的还原的结果。     

东濮凹陷方里集构造带油气来源及成藏期

通过精细油源对比、气源对比,明确了渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷方里集构造带的油气来源;基于流体包裹体的光性特征和均一温度,结合埋藏史确立了油气成藏时间及期次,恢复了油气成藏过程。油源对比结果表明,沙三段原油和烃源岩地球化学指标相近,具有自生自储特征,沙二段和沙三段天然气以煤成气为主,为断层输导成藏。沙三段油包裹体荧光下呈蓝色,盐水包裹体均一温度峰值为130 ℃~140 ℃,原油成藏期为明化镇组晚期—平原组中期(距今1~3 Ma)。根据山西组—本溪组煤系烃源岩的热演化史,煤成气的成藏期为东营组时期,早于原油的成藏时间。油气成藏过程恢复表明:在东营组中期至东营组剥蚀期间,煤成气通过断层输导,形成沙二段气藏和沙三段早期气藏;在明化镇组晚期—平原组中期,沙三段烃源岩生成的原油就近充注于沙三段气藏中,形成了沙三段油气藏。方里集构造带具有“双源两期”的成藏特征。     

Synthesis and performance of LiMnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> as cathodes for Li-ion batteries

Two structure types of LiMnO₂ were synthesized by sol-gel method and ion-exchange method respectively. The results indicate that orthorhombic phase LiMnO₂ is more stable than layered LiMnO₂, o-LiMnO₂ can be synthesized directly by sol-gel methods followed by heat-treated in argon, but layered LiMnO₂ was obtained only by indirect methods such as ion-exchange method. In this paper, we first synthesized layered NaMnO₂ by the sol-gel method, and then obtained layered LiMnO₂ by the ion-exchange method. The phase, constitution, chemical composition, and images of the products were tested by XRD, AAS (atomic absorption spectroscopy) and SEM. The electrochemical performances of the two structural types of LiMnO₂ are obviously different during the initial few cycles, but later they both have a good capacity-retaining ability. The capacity of layered structure LiMnO₂ is higher than that of o-LiMnO₂. ZHAO Shi-xi: Born in 1966 Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.59972026)     

青海驼路沟钴矿床流体 包裹体及成矿物理化学条件

应用均一法、激光拉曼显微探针法研究驼路沟钴矿床的流体包裹体,发现其包裹体类型多样,以气液两相 包裹体和富二氧化碳包裹体为主,测得均一温度为220℃～300℃,众值为275℃,成矿流体形成于中低温环 境。通过对其他热力学参数计算,确定出驼路沟钴矿床成矿流体具有中低盐度、低密度、弱还原-还原性的特 点。包裹体气、液相成分分析表明其与现代海底热液沉积物的流体成分类似,进一步佐证了驼路沟钴矿床为热 水喷流沉积成因。     

黔中隆起北缘金沙岩孔古油藏特征及成藏期次厘定

为了了解南方海相古油藏特征及其成藏期次,对金沙岩孔古油藏进行了系统的解剖.运用BasinMod盆地模拟软件和均一法测温及激光拉曼探针等微观技术,模拟烃源岩成熟演化史及生排烃史,确定了流体包裹体类型、古油藏油气充注期及成藏期次.结果表明:金沙岩孔剖面油气显示明显、具有良好的储集性能、存在2套优越的生储盖组合;包裹体烃类成分以CH_4为主,具明显干气特征,部分包裹体内含CO_2;古油藏存在3期油气充注,构成105～115℃,125～135℃,145～155℃这3个峰簇,分别相当于生油一主生油过渡期、主生油期及湿气主生期.黔中下寒武统烃源岩主要生排烃期有3期,分别对应早泥盆世末期、晚三叠世早期和晚侏罗世末期,为主要的古油藏成藏期,与由流体包裹体均一温度反映的油气充注期相对应.     

甘肃小铁山多金属矿床矿物包裹体分析

小铁山矿床是白银地区黄铁矿型多金属矿田东部矿床之一．基于对矿床野外各种岩石类型和室内各种（类）包裹体镜下观察,温度、盐度测定及成岩成矿压力估算的基础上,作者系统地阐述了近矿围岩、矿体、矿石形成的温度、盐度和压力;探讨它们形成物化条件;对矿床成因和成矿机制提出了新的认识;丰富了该区的成矿理论．     

Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size, reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined. The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057 kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60 min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5 mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2：1, and the ratio （g/mL） of solid to liquid being 1：10.     

Characteristics and evolution of ore-forming fluids of the Chongjiang copper deposit in the Gangdise porphyry copper belt, Tibet

Petrography, microthermometry, and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer （SEM/EDS） studies were performed on the fluid inclusions in the ore-beating quartz veins and quartz phenocrysts in the porphyry of the Chongjiang porphyry copper deposit. The analyses of the fluid inclusions indicate that the ore-forming fluids were exsolved from magma. They are near-saturated, supercritical, rich in volatile constituents, and have the capture temperature of 362-389℃ and salinities of 17.7wt%- 18.9wt% NaC1 eq. With the decreasing of temperature and pressure, the supercritical fluids were separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. During quartz-sericitization, the high salinity fluid boiled and separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. The high salinity inclusions that formed in the boiling process had daughter mineral melting temperatures higher than the homogenization temperatures of the vapor and liquid phases. The late fluids that are responsible for argillization are of lower temperature and salinity.     

车轮钢大型夹杂形成机理研究

通过冷态试验,提出车轮钢中大型夹杂物的形成机理,一是浇注前期钢水从直孔型模底砖冲入模内后,会在中心液面上形成峰涌现象,将浮在液面上的大型夹杂物推向钢锭四周的凝固前沿,造成钢锭四周大型夹杂物富集带。另一是浇注后期,钢锭液面由于散热温度降低,钢水会依托浮在液面的大型夹杂物进行非均质形核、凝固,当包裹着大型夹杂物的凝固层达到一定的体积后,其比重大于钢水的比重时,就会沉入锭底,形成沉积锥大型夹杂物分布带。本文根据大型夹杂物形成机理,在生产中采取了相应的改进措施,使夹杂废品率由５．０７％降到２．０５％,下降了５０．６９％。     

Microstructure and Properties of CePO4 Ceramic

Cerium phosphate powders were synthesized by direct solid liquid reaction of cerium dioxide and phosphate acid at the Ce ： P ratio of 1 ： 1. Phase-pure and fine grain size CePO4 powers could be obtained by calcining the as received powders at the temperature higher than 600 ℃ . It is demonstrated that the grain size and morphology of the CePO4 powders were calcined at various temperatures. An interesting layered crystal structure and a series of microcracks that cross and occur along the extrusion stress direction on the extruded surface inside CePO4 were observed. The ductility and machinabililty of CePO4 ceramic are attributed to the layered structure. Continuous machining debris was observed on the turned surface.     

多不杂铜矿床包裹体地球化学特征及地质意义

多不杂铜矿床不同类型矿化的穿插关系和分布特征表明,其成矿作用具有明显的多期次、多阶段活动特点。根据野外详细观察,结合室内显微镜下矿石结构构造、矿物共生组合特征,把成矿作用分为三大期:岩浆后期、热液期、表生期,其中热液期又分为3个阶段:磁铁矿-辉钼矿阶段、黄铜矿-黄铁矿阶段、硬石膏-黄铁矿阶段。研究表明:(1)多不杂铜矿床包裹体极其发育,数量较多,主要呈负晶形,类型主要为含子矿物包裹体,大多数包裹体成群、成带分布,大小集中在5~20μm;均一温度主要集中在350~400℃;压力在47.9×105~184.2×105Pa;盐度(w(NaCleqv))在36.6%~48.4%;密度1.076~1.107 g/m3。(2)包裹体气相成分以H2O和CO2为主,液相成分主要为Cl-和Na+;随着成矿过程的进行,氧逸度、二氧化碳逸度和硫逸度逐步降低,pH值和Eh值逐步升高。(3)氢氧同位素组成特征表明成矿早期主要以岩浆水为主,随着成矿作用的进行,成矿温度逐渐下降,大气降水的比例逐渐增加。(4)该矿床的成矿作用主要发生在高温、高盐度、浅成、弱酸性以及强氧化环境中,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水。     

Influence of flux treatment on the glass forming ability of Pd-Si binary alloys

Pd₈₁Si₁₉ amorphous alloys were prepared by combination methods of melt spinning and B₂O₃ flux treatment. A comparison between the ribbons prepared from the fluxed ingots and the non-fluxed ones has been carried out. The result reveals that after fluxing treatment the glass transition temperature of the as-prepared glassy ribbons is reduced while the initial crystallization temperature is enhanced. It results in that the supercooled liquid region (defined as the difference between the initial crystallization temperature and the glass transition temperature) of the glassy alloy treated with fluxing technology has been increased from 31 to 42 K. This shows that fluxing technique can enhance the glass forming ability (GFA) of the binary alloy and improve the thermal stability of supercooled liquid of the glassy alloy.     

Preparation and adsorption property of hydrophobic SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> aerogels modified by methyl triethoxysilane

The hydrophobic SiO2 aerogels were prepared by in-situ polymerization sol-gel method and supercritical drying of ethanol method with tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) as silica source, methyl triethoxysilane (MTMS) as modifier, ethanol as solvent. Moreover, the structure and adsorption property of SiO2 aerogels were also studied. As results, the surface area of SiO2 aerogels was 863.59 m2/g, the pore volume was 3.57 cm3/g, and the contact angle was 150 °. Adsorption intensity of silica aerogels for organic liquid (alkanes, benzene compounds, and nitro-compounds) is bigger than that of activated carbon. The mass of the liquid absorbed increased linearly with the surface tension of the liquid. The lower surface tension and boiling point are, the shorter desorption time is. After regenerating 10 times, nitromethane regeneration rate remain the same, and almost more than 94%. So SiO2 aerogels have good absorption and regeneration property.     

Nanocomposite films of V<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript>−MoO<Subscript>3</Subscript> xerogel with poly ethylene oxide intercalation

Poly ethylene oxide (PEO)_x−V₂O₅−V₂O₅−MoO₃ (x=0, 0.5, 1) films were prepared by the sol-gel method. The synthesis and structure of the films were investigated by XRD, TG-DTA, FTIR, etc. The results show that V₂O₅−MoO₃ xerogel has a layered structure and its interlayer space increased from 1.3181 nm at x=0 to 1. 7898 nm at x=1 after the nanocomposite films were dried, and PEO in the interlayer changes the interface structure by forming hydrogen bonds with V=0 bands. CV measurement indicates that the intercalation of PEO improves insertion/extration properties of Li⁺ ions in the interlayer. ZHENG Jin-xia: Born in 1976 Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50172036) and Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No. 2001ABB083)     

兰坪金顶铅锌硫化物成矿中硫化氢成因

滇西北兰坪金顶超大型铅锌矿床是目前中国最大的铅锌矿床,也是世界上形成时代最新且唯一的陆相沉 积岩容矿的超大型铅锌矿床。为探讨金顶铅锌矿所需大量硫化氢的形成机理,对矿区含有机质包裹体均一温 度、硫同位素、碳同位素进行了测试、整理和分析。研究表明:金顶矿区广泛分布的石膏、硬石膏和丰富的有机物 质为生成大量硫化氢提供了重要条件;在早期成岩矿化阶段,温度相对较低,以生物还原作用产生硫化氢为主; 在主成矿期,伴随着深部幔源流体的上涌,温度升高,油气的高温热化学还原作用产生大量硫化氢。     

Soda decomposition of low-grade tungsten ore through mechanical activation

Leaching of low-grade refractory tungsten ore was carried out through mechanical activation. The effect of temperature, amount of Na₂CO₃, addition of NaOH, ratio of liquid to solid and leaching time on the recovery of WO₃ was studied. The WO₃ recovery upto 96%–99% has been achieved when the tungsten ore was digested by soda not more than three times stiochiometric amount at 185–195 °C for 1.0–2.0 h. The WO₃ recovery can increase 10%–15% compared to that of conventional soda autoclave process. Project supported by the Key Program of the 8th Five-year Plan of China Synopsis of the first author Zhao Zhongwei, born in 1966, received Ph D degree in 1995. Major research field: hydrometallurgy, seperation science and mechanochemistry.     

规整填料内乙醇胺吸收CO2的计算流体力学模拟

为模拟规整填料单元内乙醇胺吸收烟气二氧化碳的过程,利用计算流体力学(CFD),考虑包含化学反应气液质量传递过程,建立伴有二级化学反应的气液两相流动模型.通过改变吸收过程的操作条件,如气液入口流量比、CO_2入口质量分数、乙醇胺入口摩尔分数、压强等,分析吸收塔规整填料单元内碳捕捉过程的影响因素.CFD模拟结果表明:CO_2吸收率随乙醇胺浓度与压强的增大而升高;随烟气CO_2浓度与气液流量比的增大而下降;对各影响因素影响定量排序,乙醇胺浓度对吸收效率影响最突出,其次依次是CO_2入口浓度、气液入口流量比、压强.模拟与试验结果相吻合,得出了相应的最优参数.