多注速调管TM410 模同轴输出腔的研究

研究了多注速调管TM₄₁₀ 模同轴输出腔中出现的外观品质因数高,模式频率间隔小以及工作模式场分布的均匀性差等问题,提出了一种设置短路杆和金属环的输出腔结构,从而改善了TM₄₁₀ 模输出腔上述三个方面的性能。通过分析发现,适当设置短路杆和重入环不仅可以使外观品质因数降低,还可以改善工作模式的场分布;设置重入环还可以增大工作模式和邻近模式的频率间隔。利用CST-MWS 软件,对X 波段具有短路杆和金属环的多注速调管TM₄₁₀模同轴输出腔进行了模拟计算,其工作模式（TM₄₁₀模）的外观品质因数降低了42.7%（从540.4 降至309.6）,TM₄₁₀ 模与邻近模式的频率间隔均达到了1.3 GHz 以上,工作模式的场分布也变得均匀。     

W波段带状注速调管多间隙腔高频结构及其特性

通过对W波段带状注速调管的哑铃型谐振腔特性进行分析,利用三维高频仿真设计软件CST-MSW建立了单间隙、三间隙、五间隙腔的物理模型,详细分析了不同结构尺寸对于高频系统相关冷参数的影响,优化得到了相应的高频结构及其特性参数,以此作为开发的二维注波互作用程序SBK.2D快速计算的高频输入参数.同时,为了结合注波互作用系统的热参数三维仿真设计,采用MAGIC-3D对多间隙腔的高频特性及参数进行了仿真计算,得到的结果与CST冷参数设计基本一致,为W波段带状注速调管注波互作用系统的设计提供了重要参数和依据.     

W 波段平面线形排列多注速调管谐振腔的研究

本文通过三维仿真软件CST-MSW 建立了W 波段平面线形排列多注速调管五间隙谐振腔的物理模型,分析了其 某些参数尺寸变化对场形的影响,并与带状注五间隙谐振腔相关特性进行了对比分析,验证了该模型相对于带状注速调 管谐振腔在场形稳定性方面的优点。该型谐振腔在传统带状注速调管谐振腔的基础上发展而来,在避免了带状注速调管 电子注传输过程中的缺陷的同时,又继承了带状注速调管相对于传统单注速调管的一些优点。     

W 波段带状注速调管注波互作用系统的研究

带状注速调管是采用宽高比值很大的薄矩形注来降低空间电荷效应,采用特殊的高频结构来增加功率容量,从而使注波互作用效率得到提高的一种新型微波电真空器件。本文基于PIC 粒子模拟软件,建立了专门用于计算带状注速调管注波互作用过程的三维设计平台,并应用该平台完成了W 波段带状注速调管注波互作用系统的初步设计,获得了清晰的物理图像和具有参考意义的模拟设计结果。模拟结果表明,在电子注电压为140 kV,电流为15 A 时,该速调管可以获得大于573 kW 的输出功率、27.8 dB 的增益和大于27.3%的效率。     

W 波段带状注速调管准光输出结构的研究

研究了一种新型的带状注速调管多间隙输出结构——准光输出腔。通过电场均匀性,双端口腔外Q 值的计 算以及参数敏感性几个方面的研究,分析了其设计和性能。结果表明,相对于传统的多间隙输出结构,准光输出腔电 场均匀性更好、设计更为灵活,并且电性能对耦合孔尺寸的敏感性更低,这使得准光输出腔在面对工程中产生的误差 时性能更为稳定。对具体设计的W 波段五间隙准光输出腔,采用三维MAGIC 模拟检验了其功率提取能力、效率以 及带宽,结果显示：可以获得40kW 的功率输出,相应于14%的互作用效率,3dB 带宽达到150MHz。研究表明,准 光输出腔非常适合作为带状注速调管（一种窄带高功率放大器）的输出电路。     

S波段宽带连续波速调管的研制

本文介绍了一种用于通信系统的S波段宽带连续波速调管,详细给出了两种宽带输出电路：滤波器加载重叠模双间隙耦合腔宽带输出电路和三节滤波器加载宽带输出电路的设计、计算和测试结果。最后,给出了分别采用上述两种宽带输出电路的速调管样管的测试结果,其中采用三节滤波器加载宽带输出电路方案的样管在大于4.6%的瞬时带宽内获得的连续波输出功率大于17 kW。     

W 波段五腔回旋速调管放大器的设计

W 波段回旋速调管具有高增益和高输出功率的特点,在军用雷达方面有广泛的应用。本方利用电磁粒子模拟 软件CHIPIC 设计了一个W 波段五腔回旋速调管,优化了互作用电路的结构和工作参数,分析了电子注与场的换能 过程以及工作频率对输出效率和增益的影响。该管的工作模式为TE01 模,当工作电压为70kV、电流为6A、频率为 93.8GHz 时获得了167.3kW 的最大输出功率和39.8%的工作效率。当工作频率为93.65GHz 时取得了50dB 的增益和 400MHz 的带宽。该模拟结果对回旋速调管在雷达方面的应用提供了理论依据。     

Ku波段1 MW小型化高峰值功率多注速调管

介绍了一种Ku波段1 MW小型化高峰值功率多注速调管的研制。通过对高性能电子光学系统、TM₄₁₀模式高频系统设计以及高峰值功率输出窗在内的多个关键技术作了详细分析和介绍,总结了速调管的设计方法,最终实现良好的电子注动态流通率、50 MHz以上的输出带宽及1 MW以上的功率输出。设计过程和结果可指导其它同类型Ku波段高峰值功率多注速调管的设计。     

C波段50 mW多注速调管高频系统的设计

本文提出一种全新的、应用于C波段50 mW高功率多注速调管输出系统。该系统首次采用TM₃₁₀高次模式多注结构,将整管工作电压由单注的354 kV大幅降低至250 kV,整管长度由单注的1.4 m缩短至0.9 m;并创新性地采用矩形TM₃₁₀结构,结合输出波导补偿结构,有效地解决了圆形TM₃₁₀结构外品质数不足的问题,保证了整管的输出稳定性。本文提出的C波段50 mW多注速调管能大幅降低整管工作电压、减小体积,可大幅提高系统的可靠性及机动性。本文研究的新型结构C波段50 mW多注速调管高频系统有效解决了高次模式高功率稳定输出的问题,降低了输出结构的设计复杂性、减小了传输系统体积并降低了成本,对未来多注高峰值功率产品的设计具有非常重要的意义。     

高功率宽带可调谐全固态CW PPMgLN光学参量振荡器

利用输出1064nm波长的全固态连续Nd:YVO₄激 光器作为泵浦源,采用周期极化晶体的 周期调谐技术,对周期极化MgO:LiNO₃(PPMgLN)晶体准相位匹配全固态连续波(CW)光学参 量振荡器(OPO)的高功率宽波段调谐 输出特性进行了研究,实现了连续模式的全固态OPO在近红外和中红外波段 高功率宽带可调谐输出。 实验采用连续工作模式、单谐振和外腔结构。实验结果表明,全固态 CW PPMgLN OPO实现了信号光在1435.9～1670.2 nm近红外波段和闲频光在2970.4～ 4185.0nm中红外波段宽带可调谐输出;在30.5μm周期处 的泵浦功率达到11.8W时获得最大总 输出功率为4.2W,信号光在1548nm处和闲频光在3451nm处的功率分 别达到2.2和2.0W, 相应的光-光转换效率分别为35.6、18.6和16.9%。CW PPMgLN OPO输 出功率的稳定性达到9.88%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks