煤与瓦斯突出的土力学分析

为了探索煤与瓦斯突出机理,根据岩体结构分类方法,把破坏类型为Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ类的煤视为散体结构岩体.借鉴土力学流土失稳理论分析煤与瓦斯突出机制,把临界失稳梯度作为煤体的抗突强度指标.通过对煤体瓦斯压力梯度变化过程的分析,指出低透气性煤比高透气性煤更容易发生高强度突出的原因是由于低透气性煤的"失稳分层"的单位体积煤体具有更高的气体膨胀能.提出隔渗帷幕法和反滤层法2种控突思路.     

A method of determining the permeability coefficient of coal seam based on the permeability of loaded coal

This study developed the equipment for thermo-fluid–solid coupling of methane-containing coal, and investigated the seepage character of loaded coal under different working conditions. Regarding the effective pressure as a variable, the variation characteristics of the gas permeability of loaded methane-containing coal has been studied under the conditions of different confining pressures and pore pressures. The qualitative and quantitative relationship between effective stress and permeability of loaded methane-containing coal has been established, considering the adsorption of deformation, amount of pore gas compression and temperature variation. The results show that the permeability of coal samples decreases along with the increasing effective stress. Based on the Darcy law, the correlation equation between the effective stress and permeability coefficient of coal seam has been established by combining the permeability coefficient of loaded coal and effective stress. On the basis of experimental data, this equation is used for calculation, and the results are in accordance with the measured gas permeability coefficient of coal seam. In conclusion, this method can be accurate and convenient to determine the gas permeability coefficient of coal seam, and provide evidence for forecasting that of the deep coal seam.     

煤层瓦斯渗流力学的研究进展

综述了国内外在煤层瓦斯渗流力学研究方面的现状 ,总结了我国近年来在煤层瓦斯渗流力学研究领域所取得的重要进展 ,展望了该研究领域中需要深入研究的方向和有关的发展趋势 ,认为创建的发展瓦斯越流的固气耦合模型及其数值方法 ,对丰富和完善瓦斯渗流力学具有重要的理论和现实意义     

煤与瓦斯突出阵面的推进过程及力学条件分析

本文用数学解析方法解出了石门揭煤条件下工作面前方含瓦斯煤体内的稳态应力场和动态应力场。对突出阵面推进过程中任一煤体质点所经历的不同阶段内起主要作用的因素进行了研究，结合煤样的破裂特性用断裂力学的方法分析了突出的发生与发展过程，提出了煤与瓦斯突出机理的球壳失稳假说并给出了突出发生的力学条件。并在突出模拟试验中进行了初步的验证。     

Effect of protective coal seam mining and gas extraction on gas transport in a coal seam

A gas–solid coupling model involving coal seam deformation,gas diffusion and seepage,gas adsorption and desorption was built to study the gas transport rule under the effect of protective coal seam mining.The research results indicate:(1) The depressurization effect changes the stress state of an overlying coal seam and causes its permeability to increase,thus gas in the protected coal seam will be desorbed and transported under the effect of a gas pressure gradient,which will cause a decrease in gas pressure.(2) Gas pressure can be further decreased by setting out gas extraction boreholes in the overlying coal seam,which can effectively reduce the coal and gas outburst risk.The research is of important engineering significance for studying the gas transport rule in protected coal seam and providing important reference for controlling coal and gas outbursts in deep mining in China.     

煤巷卸压带及其在煤和瓦斯突出危险性预测中的应用

本文应用岩体力学,弹塑性力学等有关知识,探讨了煤巷卸压带对煤和瓦斯突出的作用机理,建立了煤层界面的应力分布状态方程以及煤巷卸压带和地应力,瓦斯压力,煤强度之间的关系式,并分析了煤巷卸压带中煤体稳定性的条件。研究工作表明:煤巷卸压带中的瓦斯压力,煤体透气性值可以作为突出危险性预测指标和防突措施效果检验的敏感指标。最后,利用自行设计的泡沫封孔测压仪对现场进行了突出危险性预测和防突措施效果检验,得到了十分满意的结果。     

基于固气耦合的煤岩-瓦斯二相介质相似材料及其力学特性

含瓦斯煤是具有多孔特性和气固耦合特性的二相介质复合材料。为了精准模拟含瓦斯煤的物理力学属性,基于相似准则和主控参数相似比尺,进行了80余组材料配比试验和力学参数试验,研制了煤岩-瓦斯二相介质相似材料。对比了相似材料和原煤的相似性,并基于新材料进行了三维煤与瓦斯突出相似模拟试验。主要结论如下：1）煤粉和腐殖酸钠水溶液为骨料和胶结剂配制的煤岩相似材料的弹塑性参数和吸附性参数均与原煤相似;2）适当体积比的CO2和N2二元混合气体的膨胀能和CH4膨胀能一致,CO2和N2二元混合气体可作为CH4相似气体,且安全性高;3）研制的煤岩-瓦斯二相介质相似材料与含瓦斯原煤的物理力学参数具有高度相似性,实现了气固耦合特性模拟;4）三维物理模拟试验再现了石门揭煤引发煤与瓦斯突出现象,得到与现场接近的突出孔洞形态和突出粉煤质量,验证了相似材料的合理性,也为进一步研究煤与瓦斯突出规律,监测突出前兆信息提供了科学手段。     

Coal and gas outburst dynamic system

Coal and gas outburst is an extremely complex dynamic disaster in coal mine production process which will damage casualties and equipment facilities, and disorder the ventilation system by suddenly ejecting a great amount of coal and gas into roadway or working face. This paper analyzed the interaction among the three essential elements of coal and gas outburst dynamic system. A stress-seepage-damage coupling model was established which can be used to simulate the evolution of the dynamical system, and then the size scale of coal and gas outburst dynamical system was investigated. Results show that the dynamical system is consisted of three essential elements, coal-gas medium(material basis), geology dynamic environment(internal motivation) and mining disturbance(external motivation). On the case of C13 coal seam in Panyi Mine, the dynamical system exists in the range of 8–12 m in front of advancing face. The size scale will be larger where there are large geologic structures. This research plays an important guiding role for developing measures of coal and gas outburst prediction and prevention.     

Gas-solid coupling laws for deep high-gas coal seams

A better understanding of gas-solid coupling laws for deep, gassy coal seams is vital for preventing the compound dynamic disasters such as rock burst and gas outburst. In this paper, a gas-solid coupling theoretical model under the influence of ground stress, gas pressure, and mining depth is established and simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Research results indicate that under the influence of factors such as high ground stress and gas pressure, the mutual coupling interaction between coal and gas is much more significant, which leads to the emergence of new characteristics of gas compound dynamic disasters. Reducing the ground stress concentration in front of the working face can not only minimize the possibility of rock burst accidents, which are mainly caused by ground stress, but also can weaken the role of ground stress as a barrier to gas, thereby decreasing the number of outburst accidents whose dominant factor is gas. The results have a great theoretical and practical significance in terms of accident prevention, enhanced mine safety, disaster prevention system design, and improved accident emergency plans.     

Numerical simulation research on dynamical variation of permeability of coal around roadway based on gas-solid coupling model for gassy coal

Due to the change of initial stress state caused by roadway excavation, the permeability of the coal body may be changed during the excavation process. In this paper, according to the different stress states, the coal around the roadway was divided into the seepage open zone, seepage orientation zone, seepage decay zone and original seepage zone along the radial direction of the roadway. The loaded gassy coal was treated as a viscoelastic and plastic softened medium, and the mechanical behaviors of the viscoelastic zone, plastic softened zone and broken zone around the roadway were analyzed with the consideration of the loading creep, softening and expansion effect of the gassy coal. According to the law of conservation of mass and the Darcy law, the flow-solid coupled model for the gas transportation of the coal around the roadway was established considering the dynamic evolution of the adsorption characteristics, porosity and permeability of the coal, and the simulation software COMSOL was utilized to numerically simulate the stress state and gas flow regularity around the coal, which provided meaningful reference for investigating the stability of the coal and rock around the roadway.     

基于PSO-SVM的煤与瓦斯突出强度预测模型

为有效预测煤与瓦斯的突出强度,分析了煤与瓦斯突出的主要影响因素,建立了基于粒子群优化支持向量机方法(PSO-SVM)的煤与瓦斯突出强度预测模型,通过实例对该模型的预测效果进行检验,同时还分别采用了BP神经网络(BP-NN)和支持向量机方法(SVM)对该实例进行了预测,进而对这3种方法的预测精度进行了比较.分析结果表明3种方法的预测准确率PSO-SVM为87.5％、BP-NN为50％、SVM为62.5％.可见,PSO-SVM方法的预测效果要好于BP-NN和SVM,对煤矿煤与瓦斯突出强度预测具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

两相热渗流与多孔介质耦合作用研究

基于连续介质力学及流固耦合力学的基本理论,在黑油、岩石多相热渗流理论模型的基础上,建立了非混溶饱和两相热渗流与变形多孔介质耦合作用的数学模型,对流因耦合热效应进行了讨论,将所推证数学的模型方程做进一步处理与简化,给出模型方程数值分析的数学格式,并进行了一般情形下的模拟。     

Comparing potentials for gas outburst in a Chinese anthracite and an Australian bituminous coal mine

Gas outbursts in underground mining occur under conditions of high gas desorption rate and gas content, combined with high stress regime, low coal strength and high Young’s modulus. This combination of gas and stress factors occurs more often in deep mining. Hence, as the depth of mining increases, the potential for outburst increases. This study proposes a conceptual model to evaluate outburst potential in terms of an outburst indicator. The model was used to evaluate the potential for gas outburst in two mines, by comparing numerical simulations of gas flow behavior under typical stress regimes in an Australian gassy mine extracting a medium-volatile bituminous coal, and a Chinese gassy coal mine in Qinshui Basin (Shanxi province) extracting anthracite coal. We coupled the stress simulation program (FLAC3D) with the gas simulation program (SIMED II) to compute the stress and gas pressure and gas content distribution following development of a roadway into the targeted coal seams. The data from gas content and stress distribution were then used to quantify the intensity of energy release in the event of an outburst.     

Bifurcation and catastrophe of seepage flow system in broken rock

The study of dynamical behavior of water or gas flows in broken rock is a basic research topic among a series of key projects about stability control of the surrounding rocks in mines and the prevention of some disasters such as water inrush or gas outburst and the protection of the groundwater resource. It is of great theoretical and engineering importance in respect of promo-tion of security in mine production and sustainable development of the coal industry. According to the non-Darcy property of seepage flow in broken rock dynamic equations of non-Darcy and non-steady flows in broken rock are established. By dimensionless transformation, the solution diagram of steady-states satisfying the given boundary conditions is obtained. By numerical analysis of low relaxation iteration, the dynamic responses corresponding to the different flow parameters have been obtained. The stability analysis of the steady-states indicate that a saddle-node bifurcaton exists in the seepage flow system of broken rock. Consequently, using catastrophe theory, the fold catastrophe model of seepage flow instability has been obtained. As a result, the bifurcation curves of the seepage flow systems with different control parameters are presented and the standard potential function is also given with respect to the generalized state variable for the fold catastrophe of a dynamic system of seepage flow in broken rock.     

基于PSO—SVM的煤与瓦斯突出强度预测模型

为有效预测煤与瓦斯的突出强度,分析了煤与瓦斯突出的主要影响因素,建立了基于粒子群优化支持向量机方法（PSO—SVM）的煤与瓦斯突出强度预测模型,通过实例对该模型的预测效果进行检验,同时还分别采用了BP神经网络（BP—NN）和支持向量机方法（SVM）对该实例进行了预测,进而对这3种方法的预测精度进行了比较。分析结果表明3种方法的预测准确率PSO—SVM为87．5％、BP—NN为50％、SVM为62．5％。可见,PSO—SVM方法的预测效果要好于BP—NN和SVM,对煤矿煤与瓦斯突出强度预测具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

A mathematical model of gas flow during coal outburst initiation

A proposed concept of outburst initiation examines the release of a large amount of gas from coal seams resulted from disintegrating thermodynamically unstable coal organic matter(COM). A coal microstructure is assumed to getting unstable due to shear component appearance triggered by mining operations and tectonic activities considered as the primary factor while COM disintegration under the impact of weak electric fields can be defined as a secondary one. The energy of elastic deformations stored in the coal microstructure activates chemical reactions to tilt the energy balance in a ‘‘coal–gas" system.Based on this concept a mathematical model of a gas flow in the coal where porosity and permeability are changed due to chemical reactions has been developed. Using this model we calculated gas pressure changes in the pores initiated by gas release near the working face till satisfying force and energy criteria of outburst. The simulation results demonstrated forming overpressure zone in the area of intensive gas release with enhanced porosity and permeability. The calculated outburst parameters are well combined with those evaluated by field measurements.     

压力隧洞内水外渗的渗流-应力-开裂耦合分析

针对压力隧洞内水外渗分析缺乏完善的渗流-应力-开裂耦合分析模型的现状,基于传统的黏结裂缝模型,提出了能进行渗流分析的黏结裂缝单元模型.应用Biot固结理论和内水荷载施加的体力理论,建立了压力隧洞内水外渗的渗流-应力-开裂耦合分析模型.选择典型的圆形断面压力隧洞进行了内水外渗的渗流-应力-开裂耦合模拟分析.计算结果与实测资料的定性对比表明,该模型是合理可行的,可用于压力隧洞内水外渗的渗流-应力-开裂耦合分析.     

承压煤岩低气压渗流灾变

为探索含低压瓦斯煤层的瓦斯异常涌出灾变成因与机理,对目前该领域的文献进行了分析与总结,并通过工程案例实证分析,证明了此种灾变的存在;在流固耦合实验系统上,按背景工程约束与加载条件开展含低气压煤样承压物理试验,得到了灾变全程应力-声发射-流量实验数据及试样外表破坏情况;用UDEC,按背景工程边界与加载条件开展气-固耦合离散元数值试验,得到了灾变全程应力-应变--流速-位移速率等实验数据及试样内部破裂情况.研究结果表明:3种研究方法获得了一致性较高的结果,0.4 MPa气体压力下,煤层承压过程应力-煤-气耦合作用,可以导致发生喷出气体的灾变,在煤矿现场多表现为瓦斯异常涌出超限;在单自由度边界条件下施加单向压载,承压煤岩弹性变形前期,气体沿原生裂隙和孔隙呈常速稳态渗流;弹性变形后期,原生裂隙和孔隙被压密,气体呈减速稳态渗流;屈服阶段,扩容新生裂隙产生,气体呈加速非稳态渗流;达到极限荷载或峰后不久,发生气体喷出灾变;采、掘作业面正常通风条件下,气流瓦斯浓度持续降低,是煤层发生瓦斯异常涌出的警示信息,应引起高度重视.     

基于贝叶斯分类器的煤与瓦斯突出强度预测研究

摘。要：选取了影响煤与瓦斯突出的5个因素作为属性条件,把突出强度作为目标变量,利用训练样本对朴素贝叶斯分类器模型进行了学习训练,对测试样本进行了预测,从结果来看精确度较高．因此朴素贝叶斯分类器模型预测煤与瓦斯突出强度是有效的．     

Application of the Third Theory of Quantification in Screening Sensitive Geological Factors Influencing Coal and Gas Outburst

The principles of the third theory of quantification were discussed. The concept and calculation method of reaction degree were put forward, which have extended the applying range and scientificalness of the primary reaction. Taking the Zhongmacun mine as an example, the geological factors affecting coal and gas outburst were researched. Eight sensitive factors for the outburst of coal and gas were screened out from 11 geological factors using the method of unit classification and the third theory of quantification. On the basis of this, the Zhongmacun coal mine was classified into several divisions. The practice shows that it is feasible to apply the third theory of quantification to gas geology, which offers a new thought to screen the sensitive geological factors of gas outburst forecast.