Detailed sedimentary facies of a sandstone reservoir in the eastern zone of the Sulige gas field,Ordos Basin

Given sustaining exploration,the eastern zone of the Sulige gas field may soon become a key area of exploitation.In order to explore its genesis,types and distribution of the reservoir sandstones in the eastern zone of this gas field,we focused in our study on the provenance and detailed sedimentary facies of sandstone of the He8(the eighth part of the Shihezi formation,Permian system)and Shanxi1(the first part of the Shanxi formation,Permian system)members,based on core observations,analyses in petrography,granularity and logging.The results show that:1)the sandstone provenance of Shanxi 1 and He8 in the eastern zone of the Sulige gas field is from the north of the Ordos Basin,characterized by dual directions from the north and northeast.2)The He8and Shanxi1 members were deposited in a fluvial-delta sedimentary system.The He8 was mainly deposited in braided rivers,including braided channels,channel bars,levee and floodplain sub-environments,whereas the Shanxi1 Member was deposited in braided rivers and deltas,including braided channels,channel bars,floodplains,tributaries and inter-tributary sub-environments.3)Sedimentary facies bands migrated in drastic fashion towards the basin from the Shanxi1 to the He8 Member.Base levels of sedimentation generally present a trend of small increases in-amplitude,large decreasing amplitudes and slow and gradual Increases.4)The continuity of the reservoir sandbodies along the source direction is better than that perpendicular to the direction.Compared with Shanxi 1,both dimensions and continuity of the sandbodies in He8 are better from which we conclude that it is the most favorable part of the reservoir.     

Detailed sedimentary facies of a sandstone reservoir in the eastern zone of the Sulige gas field,Ordos Basin

Given sustaining exploration, the eastern zone of the Sulige gas field may soon become a key area of exploitation. In order to explore its genesis, types and distribution of the reservoir sandstones in the eastern zone of this gas field, we focused in our study on the provenance and detailed sedimentary facies of sandstone of the He8 (the eighth part of the Shihezi formation, Permian system) and Shanxi1 (the first part of the Shanxi formation, Permian system) members, based on core observations, analyses in petrography, granularity and logging. The results show that: 1) the sandstone provenance of Shanxi1 and He8 in the eastern zone of the Sulige gas field is from the north of the Ordos Basin, characterized by dual directions from the north and northeast. 2) The He8 and Shanxi1 members were deposited in a fluvial-delta sedimentary system. The He8 was mainly deposited in braided rivers, in-cluding braided channels, channel bars, levee and floodplain sub-environments, whereas the Shanxi1 Member was deposited in braided rivers and deltas, including braided channels, channel bars, floodplains, tributaries and inter-tributary sub-environments. 3) Sedimentary facies bands migrated in drastic fashion towards the basin from the Shanxi1 to the He8 Member. Base levels of sedi-mentation generally present a trend of small increases in-amplitude, large decreasing amplitudes and slow and gradual Increases. 4) The continuity of the reservoir sandbodies along the source direction is better than that perpendicular to the direction. Compared with Shanxi1, both dimensions and continuity of the sandbodies in He8 are better from which we conclude that it is the most fa-vorable part of the reservoir.     

Spatial-temporal coupling between high-quality source rocks and reservoirs for tight sandstone oil and gas accumulations in the Songliao Basin,China

The spatial-temporal relationship between high-quality source rocks and reservoirs is a key factor when evaluating the formation, occurrence, and prospectivity of tight oil and gas reservoirs. In this study, we analyze the fundamental oil and gas accumulation processes occurring in the Songliao Basin, contrasting tight oil sand reservoirs in the south with tight gas sand reservoirs in the north. This is done using geochemical data, constant-rate and conventional mercury injection experiments, and fluid inclusion analyses. Our results demonstrate that as far as fluid mobility is concerned, the expulsion center coincides with the overpressure zone, and its boundary limits the occurrence of tight oil and gas accumulations. In addition, the lower permeability limit of high-quality reservoirs, controlled by pore-throat structures, is0.1*10~(-3) lm~2 in the fourth member of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation(K_1 q~4) in the southern Songliao Basin, and 0.05 *10~(-3) lm~2 in the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation(K_1 sh) in the northern Songliao Basin. Furthermore, the results indicate that the formation of tight oil and gas reservoirs requires the densification of reservoirs prior to the main phase of hydrocarbon expulsion from the source rocks.Reservoir ‘‘sweet spots" develop at the intersection of high-quality source rocks(with high pore pressure)and reservoirs(with high permeability).     

鄂尔多斯盆地直罗油田长6油层组成岩作用及孔隙演化研究

位于鄂尔多斯盆地的直罗油田三叠系延长组长6油层组为近年来新开发的一个主力油气产层。岩石学和成岩作用特征研究表明,直罗油田长6油层组以细粒长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,砂岩经历了机械压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用等成岩作用,成岩作用处于晚成岩阶段A期。成岩作用控制了储层砂岩孔隙发育特征,其中压实作用与胶结作用是导致储层超低渗的主导因素,而次生溶蚀孔隙的形成对储层砂岩物性具有一定改造作用,并控制了该区长6油层组相对高孔高渗储层的展布特征。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤储层渗流孔隙分形特征

基于压汞试验,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘14个矿区56件煤样储层孔隙的分形特征,通过分维数与煤储层渗透性的比较,得出孔隙体积分维数与煤储层渗流孔隙的渗透性关系.结果表明,煤储层压汞孔隙分形尺度为孔直径86 nm～1 000μm,体积分维数2.75～3.24,在区域分布上呈自北向南降低的趋势,与煤变质程度、灰分、矿物含量呈负相关关系,与水分、中孔含量及视孔隙度(>5%)呈正相关关系.储层渗透性的分形表征与分形维数、分形尺度及分形孔隙的分布连通性多因素相关,但在储层孔隙率较低的情况下,分形孔隙的分布连通情况对渗透性起决定性作用.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部上古生界沉积相演化

利用钻井资料和地质资料对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界沉积相演化进行详细的研究,分析了本溪期 (海侵)、太原期(海侵扩大)、山西期(海退)、石盒子期(海陆交互)和石千峰期(陆缘湖泊)等5个时期的古 地理环境、岩石类型、沉积相类型和平面展布特征,得出这5个时期在盆地内构成了一个海侵海退旋回,形 成了从滨浅海相到海陆过渡的三角洲相、河流湖泊相陆源沉积。控制生成了三角洲相分流河道砂砾岩、水 下分流河道砂砾岩以及潮坪相砂坝等有利储集岩带,潮坪相发育的煤系地层为烃源岩,上石盒子组洪泛平 原形成泥质岩盖层。生油岩和储集岩叠置或互侧式组合关系,形成本区受砂体分布控制的岩性气藏。     

Q235钢在内蒙古苏里格大气田土壤环境中的腐蚀行为

通过室内不同含水量的土壤埋片实验,研究了Q235钢于内蒙古苏里格大气田土壤环境中的腐蚀速率随时间的变化规律,并进行了钢的腐蚀形貌观察和腐蚀产物的EDS和XRD的分析.实验结果表明,随着时间的延长,钢的腐蚀速率先增大后减小;当腐蚀时同相同时,Q235钢在10%含水量(质量分数)的土壤中腐蚀程度最为严重;腐蚀形貌观察发现Q235钢点腐蚀倾向较为严重;钢的腐蚀产物主要是铁的氧化物(Fe2O3,Fe3O4).     

Simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China: Mechanism and its field test

Based on the impact of the stress perturbation effect created by simultaneous propagation of multiple fractures in the process of simultaneous hydraulic fracturing, a thorough research on the mechanism and adaptation of simultaneous fracturing of double horizontal wells in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs was conducted by taking two adjacent horizontal wells(well Yangping-1 and well Yangping-2 located in Longdong area of China Changqing Oilfield) as field test wells. And simultaneous fracturing optimal design of two adjacent horizontal wells was finished and employed in field test. Micro-seismic monitoring analysis of fracture propagation during the stimulation treatment shows that hydraulic fractures present a pattern of complicated network expansion, and the well test data after fracturing show that the daily production of well Yangping-1 and well Yangping-2 reach105.8 t/d and 87.6 t/d, which are approximately 9.4 times and 7.8 times the daily production of a fractured vertical well in the same area, respectively. Field test reflects that simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of two adjacent horizontal wells can enlarge the expansion area of hydraulic fractures to obtain a lager drainage area and realize the full stimulation of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China Changqing oilfield. Therefore, simultaneous fracturing of two adjacent horizontal wells provides a good opportunity in stimulation techniques for the efficient development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs in China Changqing oilfield,and it has great popularization value and can provide a new avenue for the application of stimulation techniques in ultra-low permeability reservoirs in China.     

Characteristics of breccia lava reservoirs and analysis of their dominant factors: case study of the Xushen gas field located in the Songliao Basin

Breccia lava is a type of rock in transition between volcanic clastic rock and lava. Its physical properties are comparatively special, while the nature of its genesis and the formation of reservoirs, deposits and concentrations vary considerably. In order to discover the different genesis for breccia lava reservoirs, our study has been carried out on breccia lava for its rock constituents, structures, diagenesis and reconstruction from tectonic movements to mineral depositions. From our analysis, we conclude that the main type of reservoir is a secondary emposieu, where rock compositions, structures, diagenesis and tectonic action are the major contributing factors to the deposition of breccia lava and its properties. Diagenesis constrained the extent of conservation of the primary pore of breccia lava and produced secondary porosity. The roles of tectonics were played out through the formation controlling tectonic fissures inside breccia lava and affected the impermeability of breccia lava fluids. The constituents of lava rock determine directly the type of diagenesis and its response to tectonic action. At the time of appropriate rock composition and structures, constructive formation occurred to breccia lava. Breccia lava also responded proactively to tectonic movements, forming the best quality collective reservoir agglomerations of vast spaces and strong permeability.     

综合指数法在神木气田储层非均质性应用

神木气田是典型的致密气藏,储层受成岩期后期作用被致密化,渗透率值普遍较低,用传统的非均质性研究方法来表征有所局限.为定量探讨研究区域储层的非均质性程度,本文采用了综合指数法来进行表征.综合指数法选取的非均质性参数有:渗透率、孔隙度、含气饱和度、泥质含量、含砂量、夹层密度、孔喉半径等.考虑到该区域储层较为致密,故针对开发效果选取了上述前四个参数作为主要参考指标.通过借鉴前人的两种计算各参数权重值的方法来相互印证.结果显示:两种权重计算方法均显示各小层非均质性很强,且太1段最强,符合对该区域太1段地质背景的认识,也反映出沉积背景对储层非均质性起到了控制作用.     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组油藏地质特征

利用岩芯、测井、测试及生产动态资料,对延长组的岩性、矿物成分、物性、含油性及油水关系进行分析,研究其孔隙结构特征、可动流体饱和度与物性参数,总结电性与岩性、物性、含油性之间的关系及影响因素,得出孔隙度、渗透率及含油饱和度等油层参数的解释模型.研究结果表明,延长组储层砂岩颗粒小,胶结物含量多,孔隙喉道小,微观上孔隙类型多样,结构复杂是造成其低孔低渗的主要原因.通过对储层"四性"关系研究,提出了声电综合指数的新概念,制定了长2,长3,长4 5,长6,长8油层组的"四性"下限参考标准,用以准确地划分油、水层及干层,为正确认识油藏提供了科学依据.     

四川盆地下三叠统嘉陵江组储层成岩作用研究

在对四川盆地嘉陵江组沉积背景认识的基础上,通过大量岩芯观察、薄片鉴定,进而进行准确定名并按成岩作用是否对孔缝形成有利及对油气生、运、储是否有贡献,将成岩作用划分出建设:生成岩作用(白云石化作用,溶蚀作用--膏溶、岩溶作用,构造破裂作用),破坏性成岩作用(压实、收缩和压溶作用,胶结作用,强重结晶作用,自生矿物的形成作用,溶孔及裂缝的充填作用)两种成岩作用.同时对孔隙成因作出分析,且找出岩石学方面的证据.依据镜下薄片鉴定与有机地化手段相结合,对四川盆地下三叠统嘉陵江组成岩作用作详细研究,并对成岩演化史进行恢复.综合考虑多种因素,不同成岩作用形成成岩期次及与孔隙演化关系,对嘉陵江组成岩作用取得了较全面、正确的认识,为全新认识四川盆地嘉陵江组储集空间提供了有力的地质依据.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部直罗油田长8油层油气沸腾包裹体群研究

运用激光拉曼光谱、包裹体充填度测定等方法对鄂尔多斯盆地直罗油田富南3井、6井长8油层裂缝岩芯充填物中包裹体群进行分析,发现富南3井、6井与英旺油田英16井长8油层中油气沸腾包裹体群完全相同,密集分布的气泡不停晃动,证实油气沸腾包裹体群不是孤立的、偶然的地质现象。富南3井、6井和英16井长8油层裂缝岩芯的原始裂缝性质为滑动-剪切裂缝和剪切裂缝,在区域构造的作用下,反复发生拉张-挤压交替活动;在拉张发生的瞬间,与裂缝沟通的油层里的原油发生减压沸腾,原油中的轻质馏分和其他流体进入裂缝空间;在随后的挤压发生时,裂缝基本封闭,一部分流体返回原来的油层,一部分被挤到别的裂隙空间形成新的油藏;残留在裂缝里的碳酸钙,在较高的地层压力下逐渐结晶,并把残留的轻质馏分包裹,形成油气包裹体;这些油气包裹体形成压力较高,又包裹着成分类似液化气的轻质馏分,在常温常压下就处于沸腾状态;这样的过程反复进行,在裂缝充填物中形成了沿着晶体生长线以及成片、成带分布的油气沸腾包裹体群。上述油气沸腾包裹体群的形成过程就是油气的地震泵运移机制,丰富了油气运移地震泵地质模型。     

孔隙砂岩地层涌水灾害注浆治理的新设备及方法研究

为解决针对于孔隙砂岩水害注浆治理缺乏有效的针对性注浆设备和方法的问题,研制了一种针对孔隙砂岩水害治理的新型注浆设备,通过连续挤压方式在注浆过程中可以输出稳定低压和可控流量。提出了针对于孔隙砂岩注浆治理的新方法,辅以新型注浆设备可有效提高砂岩介质的可注性,保障注浆加固效果。将新型注浆设备和方法成功应用于孔隙砂岩介质模拟注浆试验,并应用活塞式注浆泵进行了对比试验。根据浆液扩散半径、扩散形状、注浆压力波动等实验结果表明,活塞式注浆泵不适用于孔隙砂岩的注浆治理,进一步验证了孔隙砂岩注浆治理的新方法以及新设备的科学性和可行性,为地下工程孔隙砂岩涌水灾害治理提供了新的思路。     

苏里格气田东区XX区块储层地质建模

苏里格气田东区XX区块储层辫状河沉积相发育较好,砂体横向展布非均质性强,储层预测有难度。为此,运用RMS7.4建模软件,用钻井数据进行约束,按照"点—面—体"的思路建立构造模型,采用序贯指示模拟方法构建基于测井解释单井相的沉积微相模型,采用序贯高斯模拟方法构建储层属性模型。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块盒8段致密砂岩储层天然气低产原因剖析

为了查明致密砂岩储层天然气井低产原因并提出针对性开发措施,以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块上古生界下石盒子组盒8段为研究对象,基于铸体薄片、压汞、物性、敏感性等分析测试,查明致密砂岩储层特征,确定适宜开发措施。结果表明:盒8段岩石类型以岩屑石英砂岩为主,塑性组分含量较高且以黏土矿物为主;储层表现出典型的低孔隙度、低渗透率、高排驱压力和中值压力、低退汞效率、强非均质性等特点。在上述地质和物性条件约束下,致密砂岩储层表现出中等偏强速敏、强水敏、中等偏弱应力敏感性,导致区块内天然气井低产。针对该储层特性,提出加强钻井过程储层保护、选取适宜压裂液配方和控制压裂返排时间、科学管理试气与试采是释放盒8段产能的有效工程措施。     

鄂尔多斯东部上古生界储层特征及控制因素

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界主要有太2，山2，山1，盒8，盒7五个气层组，对盆地东部佳具－子洲地区的研究表明：该区储层属于低孔低渗，具有较强非均质性的孔隙型，裂缝－孔隙型碎屑岩储层，储层储集空间类型以孔隙为主，孔隙主要为粒间孔，粒间残余孔，粒内溶孔和高岭石晶间孔，较为发育的微裂缝对储层的储集性影响不大，主要改善储层的渗滤性，影响储层储渗性的主要因素包括沉积作用，成岩作用及构造作用，粗粒度和高成熟度的储层具有相对好的物性，压实作用，硅质胶结和高岭石胶结充填作用是导致储层致密的主要因素，埋藏溶蚀作用使储层得到改善；构造破裂产生的微裂缝亦对储层起到一定的改善。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘羊虎沟组物源区分析

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘羊虎沟组物源特征对天然气勘探尤为重要。通过砂岩的碎屑组分、岩屑组分、重矿物组合以及石英阴极发光等研究,认为研究区羊虎沟组受到北部、西南部、南部物源控制,各个方位物源在研究区中部吴忠—马家滩地区汇合。通过砂岩轻、重矿物组合和碎屑组分的Dickinson三角图解,以及泥岩的稀土元素特征等分析,认为研究区羊虎沟组源岩以大陆上地壳岩石为主。研究区北部砂岩物源区为再旋回造山带物源区,泥岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式与阿拉善古陆浅变质岩相似,具有亲缘性; 西南部及南部砂岩物源区为稳定陆块区和再旋回造山带物源区,泥岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式与祁连—北秦岭造山带中浅变质岩相似。综上所述,研究区北部母岩主要为阿拉善古陆的浅变质岩夹少许火山岩,西南部及南部母岩主要为祁连—北秦岭造山带的中浅变质岩,其次为碳酸盐岩和火山岩。     

沉积盆地中油气充注与储集层成岩作用的响应关系

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鄂尔多斯盆地靖安油田岩性地层油藏成藏分析

鄂尔多斯盆地靖安油田是我国典型的岩性地层油藏,其特点是构造简单、低孔、低渗、非均质性强.岩性油藏主要受构造沉积环境、烃源岩发育范围和区域盖层等因素控制.烃源岩是岩性油气藏形成的物质基础,沉积环境对岩性地层圈闭具有控制作用,盖层控制岩性油藏发育的规模.该区有3种成藏模式,构造-岩性油藏主要分布于洼陷带,砂岩透镜体、砂岩上...