不同约束下锚杆纵向振动规律的理论研究

基于一维波动理论，通过理论分析，推出了两端自由，一端固定一端自由，一端自由一端弹性支撑时锚杆的位移、速度、加速度响应；同时得出了基频、波速和锚杆长度之间的定量关系，并在实验室对不同约束下锚杆的加速度响应进行了测试。     

Vibration Characteristic of Anchoring System of Bolt and Elastic Wave Propagation Law

Atpresent,theanchoringtechnologyiswidely usedinthefieldofmineraldiggingandrocksoilengi neering,anddevelopsquickly.Thereinforcement techniquesforboltcanreasonablystrengthenrock strengthandloadability,improvethestressstateof rock.Asaresult,itisappliedinthefieldofmining androcksoilengineeringonalargescale.Mean while,thereisanurgentneedforamethodtotest boltbondingquality.Atpresent,acommonlyused methodintheengineeringfieldispulloutexperiment andover coring,whichbelongstodestructivetestal thoughitha…     

Parametric study on the axial performance of a fully grouted cable bolt with a new pull-out test

Modified cable bolts are commonly used in underground mines due to their superior performance in preventing bed separation when compared with plain strands. To better test the axial performance of a wide range of cable bolts,a new laboratory short encapsulation pull test(LSEPT) facility was developed. The facility simulates the interaction between cable bolts and surrounding rock mass,using artificial rock cylinders with a diameter of 300 mm in which the cable bolt is grouted. Furthermore,the joint where the load is applied is left unconstrained to allow shear slippage at the cable/grout or grout/rock interface.Based on this apparatus,a series of pull tests were undertaken using the MW9 modified bulb cable bolt.Various parameters including embedment length,test material strength and borehole size were evaluated. It was found that within a limited range of 360 mm,there is a linear relationship between the maximum bearing capacity of the cable bolt and embedment length. Beyond 360 mm,the peak capacity continues to rise but with a much lower slope. When the MW9 cable bolt was grouted in a weak test material,failure always took place along the grout/rock interface. Interestingly,increasing the borehole diameter from 42 to 52 m in weak test material altered the failure mode from grout/rock interface to cable/grout interface and improved the performance in terms of both peak and residual capacity.     

A new energy-absorbing bolt used for large deformation control of tunnel surrounding rock

In order to control the large deformation of tunnel surrounding rock, a new energy-absorbing bolt is developed. This bolt can be transformed into a rigid support when the deformation of the surrounding rock reaches the length of the sleeve tube, thus preventing the surrounding rock from continuing to deform. Moreover, this bolt has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture and assemble. Then the static tensile test is conducted on the bolt specimen to test its working performance. The test results show that when the cone angle of the cone block is small, the load–displacement curve of the bolt contains three stages; when the cone angle is large, the load–displacement curve contains only two stages. Meanwhile, both the average constant resistance and the maximum absorbed energy increase linearly with the increase of cone angle. On this basis, ignoring the influence of shear stress, and it is supposed that the thickness of the sleeve tube is constant, then the theoretical calculation formula of constant resistance for the new bolt is derived, and the rationality of the formula is verified using the static tensile test results. It is found that the error of the calculated result is less than 15% when the cone angle does not exceed 15°. At last, the numerical simulation method is used to analyze the performance of the new bolt. The simulation results indicate that the generation of shear stress and the change of tube thickness during the movement of the cone block are two important factors that cause theoretical errors.     

锚杆锚固质量无损检测理论研究与应用

基于锚固体系的锚杆动力学及应力波运动学理论,研究了锚固体系的振动特征和锚固体系中瞬态应力波传播的能量衰减规律,进而提出瞬态应力波法是检测锚杆锚固质量的一种快速、便捷、可靠的无损检测方法。它是通过锚杆锚固质量检测仪接收瞬态应力波反射信号,通过数据信号分析,从而获得表征锚杆锚固质量的一系列参数,即锚固长度、波速及密实度。文章论述瞬态应力波法的基本原理及传播特征,并结合工程实例总结检测规律。     

自由锚杆中超声导波的最优激发波研究

为了选择自由锚杆中超声导波的最优激发波,利用组装的超声导波无损检测系统,用R6和R3组成不同组合的探头对1．3m的自由锚杆进行了40～100kHz频率导波测试,周期为1～5。结果表明,最佳探头组合是R6-R6,最优激发波周期为5,最佳测试波频率范围为40～50kHz;再用R6-R6组合5个周期激发波在40-50kHz频率范围进行检测,确定最优激发波频率为45kHz。结果与理论分析基本吻合,可为锚固锚杆和缺陷检测提供依据。     

Experimental and numerical studies on progressive debonding of grouted rock boltsOA

Understanding the mechanism of progressive debonding of bolts is of great significance for underground safety. In this paper, both laboratory experiment and numerical simulation of the pull-out tests were performed. The experimental pull-out test specimens were prepared using cement mortar material, and a relationship between the pull-out strength of the bolt and the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) of cement mortar material specimen was established. The locations of crack developed in the pul...     

不同围岩级别和锚固介质下锚杆动测波形特征分析

基于应力波反射法,通过不同围岩级别和锚固介质中锚杆的瞬态动力响应实验研究,对锚杆的加速度响应曲线的波形特征进行分析.结果表明,随着龄期的增长,固端反射信号非常强烈,而底端反射信号越来越微弱,甚至很难识别;围岩和锚杆介质均匀密实的锚杆其信号相对平缓一些.     

锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术研究

基于锚固体系的锚杆动力学和一维波动理论，研究了锚固体系的振动特征和锚固体系中应力波的传播规律，进而提出了快速检测锚杆锚固质量的应力波反射法，并实际运用于太原东山煤矿巷道锚杆施工质量的检测．     

柔性注压锚杆锚固段阻抗摩擦应力分布规律模拟研究

针对柔性注压锚杆解析及实验比较困难,采用有限元方法,模拟研究其锚固段阻抗摩擦应力的分布规律。数值模拟显示:沿锚杆环向呈近似正弦或余弦函数的循环分布形态;沿锚杆轴向应力分布可划分成波浪段、平台段以及突降段3个阶段。柔性注压锚杆锚固段最大阻抗摩擦应力沿轴向分布近似是均匀的,可实现真正的全长锚固。     

Effect of bolt rib spacing on load transfer mechanism

Rock bolting has firmly used as the coal mine roof reinforcement in underground coal mine. The bolting effect of fully grouted rebar bolt is closely related to the bolt surface profile. This paper provides an experimental study to confirm that bolt rib internal length has great influence on bolting effect. Pull-out tests were conducted using rebar bolt with different rib spacings of 12, 24, 36 and 48 mm representatively from steel tube and from concrete. Results show that peak load increases 25.3% for bolt with large rib spacing. For pull out using concrete block, the increment of peak load between large and small rib spacing is not significant, but the bolt with large rib spacing has great absorption of deformational energy than small rib spacing bolt. This study provides experimental evidence towards optimum design of rock bolt for understand coal mining industry.     

混凝土结构无损检测技术研究

为了探讨一种切实可行的混凝土结构无损检测方法,借鉴锚杆锚固质量无损检测原理,通过理论分析和实验,验证了在混凝土结构内固结波速确实会发生变化;其变化范围介于激发应力波在钢筋杆体中的传播速度和在混凝土中的传播速度之间,当养护时间<14d时,随着养护时间增加,固结波速逐渐减小,混凝土结构质量逐渐增加;当养护时间>14d时,随着养护时间的增加,固结波速逐渐增大,混凝土结构质量逐渐增加.由于混凝土结构质量与固结波速有上述关系,因此,可以通过检测固结波速来确定混凝土结构质量,为工程检测混凝土结构质量提供了一种无损检测手段.     

基于GPU并行加速的探地雷达伪谱法三维正演模拟

随着探地雷达问题复杂度的加大以及对解释精度要求的提高,探地雷达三维正演模拟越来越重要,对高性能计算的需求也越来越大.常规三维正演模拟主要采用时域有限差分法开展,并且随着计算机技术的发展,GPU加速已经成为一种三维正演主流加速方法.但是GPU本身的显存相比CPU能利用的内存而言非常有限,要充分利用其加速性能,就需要尽量压...     

转管机枪凸轮曲线设计

目的　通过对凸轮曲线过渡段的设计, 减小转管武器机心在曲线过渡段的加速度． 方法　采用由两条正弦曲线和一条二次抛物线组合构成过渡曲线的方法． 结果　确定了过渡曲线的各种参数． 结论　所得过渡曲线可以有效地减小机心在过渡段的加速度     

锚杆锚同质量无损检测技术研究应用

锚杆作为隧道复合式衬砌中的重要组成部分,其施工质量对隧道的安全至关重要,圆此锚杆施工质量的检测是促进隧道安全的重要环节．基于一维波反射原理,采用锚杆无损检测仪,应用弹性波在锚固体系中的散射、绕射、反射原理检测锚杆的长度和灌浆饱满度．通过对不同施_T-状态下锚杆的检测波形进行理论分析建立数据库,并结合实际情况验证,形成了在梅州大浦高速公路隧道锚杆检测施工的堆积,作为工程质量管理的辅助手段,保证了隧道工程建设的质量．     

Quick determination of gas pressure before uncovering coal in cross-cuts and shafts

The determination of gas pressure before uncovering coal in cross-cuts and in shafts is one of the important steps in predicting coal and gas outbursts. However, the time spent for testing gas pressure is, at present, very long, seriously affecting the application of outburst prediction techniques in opening coal seams in cross-cuts and shafts. In order to reduce the time needed in gas pressure tests and to improve the accuracy of tests, we analyzed the process of gas pressure tests and examined the effect of the length of boreholes in coal seams in tests. The result shows that 1) the shorter the borehole, the easier the real pressure value of gas can be obtained and 2) the main factors affecting the time spent in gas pressure tests are the length of the borehole in coal seams,the gas emission time after the borehole has been formed and the quality of the borehole-sealing. The longer the length of the borehole, the longer the gas emission time and the larger the pressure-relief circle formed around the borehole, the longer the time needed for pressure tests. By controlling the length of the borehole in a test case in the Huainan mining area, and adopting a quick sealing technique using a sticky liquid method, the sealing quality was clearly improved and the gas emission time as well as the amount of gas discharged greatly decreased. Before the method described, the time required for the gas pressure to increase during the pressure test process, was more than 10 days. With our new method the required time is only 5 hours. In addition, the accuracy of the gas pressure test is greatly improved.     

拉挤GFRP管材与钢管连接的拉伸试验研究

拉挤型GFRP管材节点的可靠连接是保证其正常工作的前提。为研究其拉伸连接性能,采用胶接连接和螺栓连接两种连接方式对GFRP管材与钢管连接件分别开展了拉伸试验研究。在胶接连接试验中,研究了胶层剪应力沿长度方向的分布特征、受力机理及失效过程、胶接长度对承载力影响等。试验结果表明：胶层剪应力在加载初期沿长度方向呈现两端大、中间小的分布特征,高应力发生在胶接端,并随荷载上升逐步往加载端胶层转移;胶接长度的增加能显著提高连接构件承载力,但当长度达到管径的1.6倍后,继续增加胶接长度对承载力的提升并不大,故可考虑将1.6倍管径作为GFRP管材的有效胶接长度。在螺栓连接试验中,研究了e/d（端距/栓径）、螺栓排数n对连接承载力及破坏模式的影响。试验结果表明：当e/d=7时,承载力达到最大值,破坏形式以挤压破坏为主;根据螺栓排数n与承载力的关系,可以推导相应折减系数来计算承载力。     

大理西站支护边坡振动台试验及数值模拟

以云南省大理西站支护边坡工程为依托,开展边坡振动台试验和数值分析,得到双排抗滑桩的弯矩、锚杆轴力、坡面加速度响应规律及边坡的最终破坏情况. 试验表明：坡面加速度响应规律与测点相对位置有关,测点相对位置越高,加速度响应越明显;坡体裂缝影响岩土体动力特性,在裂缝出现后坡体加速度响应规律会发生显著变化;在地震下抗滑桩弯矩分布接近抛物线形状,弯矩的最大值靠近岩土分界线的下方,抗滑桩弯矩随输入地震波幅值增大成非线性增长;锚杆在4 m/s²地震峰值时刻的动轴向力大于静轴向力的3倍,地震作用是锚杆受力大小的决定因素;由于锚杆的作用,边坡的最终破坏面位于边坡2#的深部,此破裂面位置由边坡2#的中上部土体的滑移破坏与下部土体的越顶破坏组成.     

基于车桥振动的桥梁振型识别及主梁挠度计算方法

根据桥梁间接测量法的基本原理,对一座三跨连续梁桥建立车桥振动有限元模型,提取匀速通过桥梁时车辆竖向加速度时程响应,利用中心差分法计算接触点加速度时程响应,采用快速傅里叶变换得到加速度频谱图,应用峰值拾取法识别出桥梁的前三阶频率;利用带通滤波技术从接触点竖向加速度响应中提取与桥梁频率相关的分量响应,通过希尔伯特变换得到测试桥梁的前三阶振型,并与有限元理论振型进行比较。结果表明：车体质量的改变对于振型识别没有明显影响;车速较低时对于振型的识别不利,但选择合适的驱车速度仍能够保证振型的识别精度。基于桥梁有限元模型,将识别的振型进行质量归一化,计算主梁的测试位移柔度矩阵,设计桥梁标准荷载试验方案,利用柔度矩阵计算主梁在试验荷载下的预测挠度,并与理论挠度进行比较。结果表明,在合适的车速下,预测挠度与理论挠度误差基本满足工程精度要求。     

基于瑞利波法对混凝土表面裂缝检测的数值研究

基于瑞利波及衍射纵波的传播时间差法,利用有限元法分析了瑞利波在含不同长度及角度裂纹的混凝土介质中的传播规律,提出了混凝土介质中表面裂缝长度和角度的计算公式,并验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。研究结果表明：在传播过程中,瑞利波一部分沿着介质表面（含裂纹表面）传播,另一部分在裂缝尖端发生模式转换,形成衍射横波和衍射纵波,弹性波传播到介质边界时被粘弹性人工边界全部吸收,消除了反射波的影响;表面裂缝长度和角度的计算结果误差基本在5%以下,只有个别数据误差较大,在一定范围内,随着裂缝长度和角度值的增大,计算结果的准确度越高。