一种支持分层多点投递的主动队列管理机制

随着越来越多多点投递应用的出现,由于Internet本身固有的异构性,分层多点投递将在Internet上得到广泛应用,这样,网络就面临着如何高效支持分层多点投递的问题,为了解决这一问题,给出一种支持分层多点投递的主动队列管理机制LMRED,其贡献主要有两点：（1）提出一种识别Internet中分层多点投递会话的机制,这是实现LMRED的基础;（2）对RED进行改进（改进后的RED称为LMRED）,在报文随机丢弃的基础上实现优先级丢弃机制和预丢弃机制,LMRED具有公平性,稳定性和快速响应网络拥塞等特点,可以更好地适应分层多点投递的要求,并最终改善应用性能。     

TCP／IP拥塞控制研究

综述了Internet上TCP／IP拥塞控制研究方面一些最新的工作,分析了拥塞控制的原理、TCP／IP拥塞控制所使用的典型技术,并着重论述了TCP／IP拥塞控制所面临的问题,这包括自相似性问题、效率问题、公平性问题、算法改进、区分服务和多点广播中拥塞控制和TCP／IP在特殊网络（ATM网和卫星网）上拥塞控制等问题,并提出了其进一步的研究方向。     

低空多无人机自组网数据可靠传输的跨层方法

低空多无人机自组织网络由于数据传输容易被地形或建筑物等遮挡,通信中断时有发生,同时传统拥塞处理体系已不能满足无人机间通信的质量要求。针对以上问题,提出一种数据可靠传输的跨层方法。运用该方法在物理层根据信道条件得出3种通信方式的中断概率,在MAC层根据数据包进入缓存队列时间,进行拥塞等级划分,在传输层根据拥塞情况控制滑动窗口大小,自适应控制源无人机的数据发送速率,在网络层以中断概率与拥塞值的联合权重为依据,提供数据可靠传输的路由选择。仿真结果表明,与移动自组网拥塞感知路由协议、动态拥塞感知路由协议相比,该方法有效降低了中断概率,并随着数据发送速率以及无人机速度的增加,可获得更低的平均时延和较高的投递成功率。     

基于时序感知优化机制的无线传感网数据投递算法

为解决无线传感网数据投递算法存在的链路选取质量不高,且节点重投递现象严重,容易降低网络传输质量等不足,本研究提出一种基于时序感知优化机制的无线传感网数据投递算法。首先,算法通过感知节点接近状态的时序情形,设计了基于时序效应的链路筛选方法,通过优选中继节点的方式提升链路投递率,以降低网络链路丢包概率,进而增强数据传输质量。随后,算法通过自感知方式获取节点转发数据,设计了基于投递优选的拥塞控制方法,以提高多跳链路的稳健性,降低节点碰撞效应带来的拥塞现象,进而改善网络数据投递质量。仿真实验结果表明,本研究算法与当前无线传感网中常用的虫洞-路径投递算法和神经卷积深度投递算法相比,能够显著降低网络平均投递时延,且网络累计拥塞频次较低,网络数据投递成功率较高,具有较高的实际部署价值。     

移动延迟容忍传感网络拥塞控制算法研究

针对移动延迟容忍传感网络拥塞而造成的节点内缓存数量预测不准,数据传输延时速度过慢,数据分组投递成功率低等问题,提出一种移动延迟容忍传感网络拥塞控制算法。算法是基于节点状态感知的,构建移动延迟容忍传感网络拥塞预测机制,依据机制中所获取的历史缓存信息感知节点状态,对拥塞严重或中度拥塞的节点缓存队列内的数据进行信息聚合,提出拥塞控制的策略。最后通过仿真可得数据分组投递率、数据分组丢包率及响应时间、消息产生率。实验结果表明,所提出的拥塞控制算法能够预测缓存数量准确,减少数据传输时延,保证数据分组投递成功率,提高整个网络的工作效率。     

一种自适应比例系数的TCP拥塞控制策略

互联网业务的快速发展使得网络拥塞日益严重,因此如何减轻网络拥塞也就成为当前研究的热点。针对这一问题,首先叙述了TCP拥塞控制的基本原理及其相关算法;然后对拥塞控制算法进行了详细分析并提出了自适应比例系数的新策略;最后对新策略进行NS2仿真。仿真结果表明,新方法提高了包投递率,降低了端到端时延。     

基于分级树的可靠组播拥塞控制的研究

首先分析了可靠组播拥塞控制机制所面临的问题,在此基础上提出了一个基于分级树的可靠组播的拥塞控制机制,它着重考虑了拥塞控制的可扩展性以及与TCP数据流的友好性,因而具有很强的实用性.仿真试验结果表明,该拥塞控制机制可以较好地解决TCP流对瓶颈带宽的共享问题,并在一定程度上满足了可靠组播流对TCP友好性的要求.     

适用于WSNs的拥塞自适应多径路由算法

针对无线传感器网络(WSNs)数据汇聚特性易导致网络拥塞的问题,结合改进AOMDV协议的多径建立、选择机制的缺陷,提出一种拥塞自适应的多径路由算法。新协议首先引入相关因子模型建立相互干扰度最小的路径集;其次建立路径拥塞信息采集、更新机制,并利用HELLO消息传递。最终源节点通过实时感知路径拥塞信息,自适应选择低拥塞路径来避免拥塞。仿真结果表明:改进的协议显著提高了分组投递速率,降低了端对端时延。     

可靠组播拥塞控制

拥塞控制作为可靠组播协议的两个重要研究内容之一,已成为近几年来计算机网络与通讯领域的研究热点。分析了组播拥塞控制机制面临的基本问题,以及近几年针对这些问题提出的几种典型方案,最后指出未来的研究方向。     

DTN中基于时间因素的拥塞感知路由算法

为了解决散发等待路由算法中,中继节点的选择存在盲目性的问题,提出一种基于时间因素的拥塞感知路由算法CARA。该算法考虑时间因素对转发概率的影响,改进Prophet算法中的转发概率。根据改进的转发概率选择中继节点,动态分配报文转发数目,并以拥塞感知自适应的方式实现拥塞控制的优化。仿真结果表明,CARA算法和网络投递率及延迟表现最好的CS-DTN算法相比,投递率提高了10.21%,延迟降低了7.05%,同网络开销表现最好的BSW算法相比,开销降低了8.16%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.