A MOSSBAUER EFFECT STUDY ON Co DOPING IN SmTiFe_(11) COMPOUND

A series of SmTiFe11-xCox compounds where x ranges from zero to five, have been studied by Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and related magnetic measurements. The radom site occupation of Co atom in SmTiFe11-xCox was found when x≥1. The temperature dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field for SmTiFe11 and the Co concentration dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field for the samples, SmTiFe11-xCox are obtained. Also the Debye temperature of SmTiFe11 have been estimated from the experiments.     

MOSSBAUER STUDIES OF MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY OF AMORPHOUS Fe-(Co, Cr)-Zr ALLOYS

Magnetic anisotropies and hyperfine fields of amorphous a-Fe-(Co, Cr)-Zr alloys, their temperature and thermal stress effects were studied by using a Mossbauer spectroscopy. The results are in the following: A tensile stress field is easily created during the material production process, having the plane anisotropy to be increased for the alloys containing strong ferromagnetic coupling such as Fe-Co and Fe-Ni; a pressure stress field is easily produced, making the perpendicular anisotropy increase for the alloys containing antiferromagnetic coupling such as Fe-Cr and Fe-Mn. Introducing the new idea of attractive and repulsive forces, the fact was explained well that the dependence of anisotropies on the average outer electron concentration of 3d transition metal is similar to that of the average hyperfine field.     

Magnetovolume and chemical bonding effects of Sn atom in the γ'-(Fe1-xSnx)4N compounds

Combining x-ray diffraction and high pressure Mossbauer spectroscopy,the structure and the hyperfine parameters of Sn substituted for Fe in γ'-Fe4N were in-vestigated. The results of x-ray diffraction indicate that single phase γ'-(Fel-xSnx)4Ncompounds can be synthesized in the composition range 0≤ x ≤ 0.3, and the latticeparameter can be well fitted with two linear formulas α0(x) = 3.795 + 0.019 × x (0.0≤x ≤0.10) and α0(x) = 3.795+ 0.228 × (x- 0.1)(0.10 ≤ x ≤0.30) for different contentof Sn. Using high pressure Mossbauer spectra, the influences of the magnetovolunceffect and the chemical bonding effect of Sn atom on the hyperfine magnetic field andthe isomer shift were first distinguished. It is found that the magnetovolume and thechemical bonding have different influences on the properties of γ'-(Fe1-xSnx)4N, andthe latter plays a more important role.     

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PERMANENT MAGNETS Nd_(15)(Fe, Co)_(77)B_8 WITH Dy AND Al ADDITIVES

Nd-(Fe,Co)-B alloys with Dy and Dy-Al additives have been studied by the Mossbauer effect and X- ray diffraction. The results indicate that the alloys consist of a tetragonal phase, a B-rich phase and a Nd-rich phase. The average magnetic moment of Fe atoms in the tetragonal phase has been determined. The variation of remanence due to Dy and Dy- Al additives has been derived from the Mossbauer data and found to agree with the results of magnetic measurements. The site substitutions of Dy and Al in the alloys are also discussed.     

ORIGIN OF MAGNETISM STUDY ON SOME COMMERCIAL Fe_2O_3

Six kinds of typical commercial Fe2O3 were sampled and divided into two groups A and B. according to the magnetic measurement results. The samples of group A are of susceptibility about 10-4 and the specific saturation magnetization σs 0.2-0.3 A.M2/kg, being consistent with the feature of antiferromagnetic α-Fe2O3. While the samples of group B display strong magnetism with susceptibility 10-1-10-2 and σs 1.7-12 A.M2 /kg. Mossbauer spectra of the samples were investigated at room temperature in an external magnetic field. It is suggested there is the y - Fe2O3 phase in the group B according to the relative intensities of spectra I(2,5)/I(3,4). This was proved by the Mossbauer spectra for the mixed samples A with γ-Fe2O3 at various contents and by measuring the dependence of specific saturation magnetization on temperature for the samples of group B.     

CEMS AND COUPLING EFFECT OF INTERLAYERS IN MULTILAYERED FeSi/Si AMORPHOUS FILMS

Multilayered FeSi/Si amorphous films with fixed FeSi layer thickness and different Si layer thicknesses have been studied by conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. The results showed that with decreasing the Si layer thickness, the hyperfine field of samples increased and the thickness of interface dead layers arisen from the atomic interdiffusion effect decreased. These are due to the coupling effect between the magnetic layers. When the Si layers are thinner than 0.88 nm, the direction of the magnetization is out of the film plane.     

Photoconductivity measurement of polymers by x-ray absorption fine structure

Photoconductivity spectra measurement of polymers at x-ray energies around the Zn and Co K edges,shows obvious x-ray absorption fine structure oscillations.The photoconductivity spectra obtained for gapped and sandwiched electrode geometric samples,indicate that the shape of photoconductivity spectrum depends on the electrode configuration of the samples.The thickness of the conduction layer can be estimated from the photoconductivity spectrum.     

IRRADIATION EFFECT OF 0.56GeV C^6＋ on Y1.6Ca1.4V0.45Sn0.5Fe4.05O12

Y1.6Ca1.4V0.45Sn0.5Fe4.05O12 is irradiated by 0.56GeV carbon ion.The irradiation effect is investigated by Moessbauer spctroscopy.The irradiation results in an isotropic distribution of the hyperfine magnetic field.The hyperfine magnetic fields decrease after the irradiation due to the change of supertransferred field.After the irradiation,the chain Fe(a)-oxygen-Fe(d) become longer and it leads to decrease of the supertransferred field.     

MSSBAUER STUDIES ON THE HYDROGEN DECREPITATION AND DESORPTION OF Nd_(16)Fe_(76)B_8 MAGNET

Hydrogen decrepitation and desorption of the Nd16Fe76B8 magnet are studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. The results of the as-cast alloy samples treated under various hydrogen gas pressures at various temperatures are reported. A special hydrogenation- dehydrogenation treatment of the Nd- Fe- B cast alloy can produce excellent isotropic magnet powders and the treated sample has passed a hydrogenation- disproportion- recombination process. The effect of the presence of α- Fe in magnet powders is discussed.     

PROGRESS ON NUCLEAR DECAY DATA MEASUREMENT AT NUCLEAR PHYSICS LABORATORY,JILIN UNIVERSITY

Last year nuclear decay data of three nuclides were measured.Thesenuclides are ~(152)Eu,~(99)Mo and ~(182)Ta.The γ-rays emitted in the decaysof ~(152)Eu,~(99)Mo and ~(182)Ta have been re-investigated.As the results of thesestudies many discrepancies in the literatures have been clarified and some errorswere corrected. Our result of ~(182)Ta decay shows that the five new levels reported in the lat-est study are not related to the decay of ~(182)Ta.The Referee's report of Z.Phys.     

Geant4 simulation of multi-sphere spectrometer response function and the detection of ~(241)Am–Be neutron spectrum

This paper is aimed at detecting the neutron spectrum of~(241)Am–Be, a widely used neutron source, with the SP9 ~3He proportional counter, which is a multi-sphere spectrometer system of eight thermal neutron detectors embedded in eight polyethylene(PE) spheres of varying diameters. The transport processes of a neutron in the multi-sphere spectrometer are simulated using the Geant4 code. Two sets of response functions of the PE spheres are obtained for calculating the~(241)Am–Be neutron spectrum.Response Function 1 utilizes the thermal neutron scattering model G4 Neutron HPThermal Scattering for neutron energies of ≤4 eV, and Response Function 2 has no thermal treatment. Neutron spectra of an~(241)Am–Be neutron source are measured and compared to those calculated by using the response functions. The results show that response function with thermal treatment is more accurate and closer to the real spectrum.     

ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL GAMMA RAY SPECTRA BY HD—8004 NaI（T1） GAMMA SPECTROMETER

The measurement principle and analysis method of natural gammaray spectra using NaI(T1) scintillation spectrometer are briefly described first,then block diagrams of the HD-8004 NaI(T1) gamma-ray spectrometer,Finally,sample measurements are listed and discussed.The results are quite promising.Based on the analysis of these measurements,measures to improve the accuracy of spectrum measurement are proposed.It is well hoped that these measures can contribute to the development and application of gamma-ray spectrum measurement.     

ITALIAN MONEY TESTED FOR FORGERY BY MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY

Italian money has been investigated by Mossbauer spectroscopy. The results indicated that the spectrum of a 10000 lire bank-note consisted of three magnetic sextets and two quadrupole doublets, the spectrum of a 50000 lire note consisted of two Zeeman sextets, but in the "false" money there are two quadrupole doublets only.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTENT, VALENCE STATE OF Fe AND COLOUR IN XIUYAN JADE

Having beautiful colours and fine features, Xiuyan jade is famous in the world. Mineralogically, Xiuyan jade is serpentine jade. XRD, IR and TEM studies indicate that the jade consists mainly of antigorite (m{Mg3(1-1/m)[Si2O5](OH)1+3(1-2/m}) with a minor amount of chrysotile. Two favourite samples (PxA, Px1-1), chosen for research on Fe Mossbauer spectra, are only antigorite. Studies indicate that: a. iron ion in antigorite enters the lattice as impurity; b. Fe2+ and Fe3+ substitute for Mg in the coordination octahedron; and c. the colour of jade is related to content of Fe, and Fe2+/Fe3+≤1 is favourite for colour-forming.     

Extraction of Am(Ⅲ) and Eu(Ⅲ) With Tpy-HA/tbb

Synergistic extraction of Am(Ⅲ) and Eu(Ⅲ) is studied with terpyridine (Tpy) in combination with2-bromodecanoic acid (HA) in tert-butylbenzene (tbb). The distribution ratios of Am(Ⅲ) and Eu(Ⅲ) arestudied as a function of a number of parameters such as contact time, the acid concentration in aqueousphase, the concentration of Tpy and HA in the organic phase. The experimental results show that thevalues of distribution ratios of Am(Ⅲ) and Eu(Ⅲ) in Tpy/tbb is small, but after adding HA to Tpy/tbbsystem, the values of distribution ratios D(M), (M=Am(Ⅲ), Eu(Ⅲ)) increase fast. D(M) values increase     

GEANT4 simulation of the characteristic gamma-ray spectrum of TNT under soil induced by DT neutrons

The characteristic gamma-ray spectrum of TNT in the soil induced by DT neutrons is measured by the PFTNA demining system. The GEANT4 toolkit is used to simulate the whole experimental procedure. The simulated spectra are compared with the experimental spectra, and they are mainly consistent. The share of the background sources such as neutrons and gamma is obtained and the contribution that the experimental apparatus to the background, such as shielding, detector sleeve and moderator, is analyzed. The effective gamma signal(from soil and TNT) is 29% of the full spectrum signal, and the background signal, more than 68%, this is mainly produced by shielding and the detector sleeve. By gradually optimizing the shielding and the cadmium sheet of the detector sleeve, the share of the effective gamma signal increases to 47%, and the background signal reduces to 18%.     

Dynamic Study of Fusion Reactions of ~(40,48)Ca ~(90,96)Zr

Based on the Improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model the fusion reactions of 40,48Ca 90,96Zr are studied by making a more rigorous treatment of the initial condition. The study shows us that: (1) the calculated fusion cross sections for all four reactio…     

INVESTIGATION OF THE SOLID- SOLID SURFACE ADSORPTION OF Eu_2O_3 ON AMORPHOUS Al_2O_3

Solid-solid surface adsorption of Eu2O3 on amorphous Al2O3 have been investigated by Mossbauer spectroscopy, X- ray diffraction analysis and laser Raman spectra (LRS). No X-ray diffraction peak of crystalline Eu2O3 can be found for all samples studied. The LRS show that two peaks at 998 and 1051 cm-1 assigned to two-dimensional surface europium-oxygen species appear at Eu2O3 content of 18.7 wt%. The peak at 1068 cm-1 due to the surface species and another peak at 342cm-1 due to crystalline Eu2O3 content start to appear for the sample with an Eu2O3 content of 36.5 wt%. The dispersity of Eu2O3 on the surface of amorphous Al2O3 were compared with that of α-Al2O3,η-Al2O3 and SiO2 gel. The results of these studies indicate that the structure of Eu2O3 dispersed onto the support surface depend on the structure of support and that there is an inductive effect of support on the structure of the Eu2O3.     

ION BEAM STUDY ON EPITAXIAL GROWTH FEATURES OF YBaCuO FILMS

The epitaxial growth features of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films on (100) SrTiO3 substrates have been studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and axial channeling technique. A typical minimum yield value, Xmin, of Ba yielded in channeling spectrum is 4.6 % for the film of 166 nm. Only (00L) peaks appeared in X ray diffraction patterns of the films. The results indicate that the YBCO films have good epitaxial growth quality with c- axis orientation perpendicular to the substrate surface. Simulation of RB process in films and substrates have also been performed using RUMP program, and analysis shows that compositions of the films are uniform with near (123) stoichiometry. The higher interface yields in the aligned spectrum reveal that there are extra defects in the interface layer owing to lattice mismatch and interface interaction.     

STUDY ON Fe ION DISTRIBUTION IN NATURAL CHROMITE BY MOSSBAUER TECHNIQUE

Mossbauer absorption spectra in a natural chromite from Shanxi province of China were measured, covering a temperature range from 12 K to 800 K. Each spectrum at low temperature can be fitted to three doublets: the first two are attributed to tetrahedral T-site Fe ions and the third one to octahedral M-site Fe ions. Such assignment was confirmed by the detailed analyses of the temperature dependent centre shift and other parameters. As a main result, our data strongly supported the ordered distribution with Fe2+ in T-site and Fe3+ in M-site for chromite studied. No evidence for electron hopping processes was detected.