LCCC封装器件焊点可靠性研究

LCCC封装器件具有体积小和电性能好的特点,因此应用越来越广泛。但是,由于其无引线特点,以及本体材料与基板FR-4材料的热膨胀系数不匹配,在温度变化过程中焊点应力集中,容易导致疲劳失效。在分析LCCC封装器件高可靠焊接要求和影响焊点可靠性寿命因素的基础上,分别选择28引脚、44引脚和64引脚三种LCCC封装器件进行焊接试验,并通过温度循环试验验证焊点的可靠性,最终得出验证结果。     

电子封装中的焊点及其可靠性

在电子封装中 ,焊点失效将导致器件乃至整个系统失效 ,焊点失效的起因是焊点中热循环引起的裂纹及其扩展。从焊点的微观组织及其变化、焊点失效分析、焊点可靠性预测等方面介绍了对电子封装焊点及其可靠性研究的状况。     

芯片尺寸封装焊点的可靠性分析与测试

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,将芯片尺寸封装(CSP)组件简化为了二维模型,并模拟了CSP组件在热循环加栽条件下的应力应变分布;通过模拟发现了组件的结构失效危险点,然后对危险点处的焊点热疲劳寿命进行了预测;最后进行了CSP焊点可靠性测试.结果表明,用薄芯片可提高焊点可靠性.当芯片厚度从0.625 mm减小到0.500 ...     

微电子封装无铅焊点的可靠性研究进展及评述

在电子电器产品的无铅化进程中,由于封装材料与封装工艺的改变,焊点的可靠性已成为日益突出的问题。着重从无铅焊点可靠性的影响因素、典型的可靠性问题及无铅焊点可靠性的评价3个方面阐述了近年来该领域的研究状况,进而指出无铅化与可靠性研究需注意的问题和方向。     

基于Weibull分布2.5D封装热疲劳可靠性评估

针对2.5D立体封装中热膨胀系数及结构尺寸均存在较大差异、极易在热应力作用下产生热疲劳失效的可靠性问题,开展多芯片硅基集成封装互连界面温度循环加速试验,并基于Weibull分布对2.5D封装互连界面热适配性能进行评估分析,实现了2.5D封装可靠性指标的评估和失效率鉴定方案的制定.     

无铅电子封装材料及其焊点可靠性研究进展

随着2006年7月1日RoHS法令实施的最后期限的来临,无铅焊料的研究与应用又掀起了新一轮的热潮。由于封装材料与封装工艺的改变,给焊点可靠性带来了一系列相关问题。笔者就近年来国内外开发的无铅焊料、焊点的失效模式、焊点可靠性评价方法和焊点的主要缺陷进行了综述;对今后该领域的研究前景及方向进行了展望。     

2.5D封装有机基板制造工艺研究

文章以一款实用高性能CPU的2.5D封装有机基板为研究对象,对有机基板制备的工艺流程、关键技术难点进行了详细实验和讨论,最终完成了合格样板的制作,并形成小批量产晶的生产能力。     

球栅阵列倒装焊封装中的热应变值的测试

利用高温云纹实验方法测试球栅阵列(BGA)封装焊点的热应变,采用硅橡胶试件光栅复制技术,使测试环境温度提高到200℃.通过实时热应变测量,得到各焊点的热应变关系以及封装材料、电路板各部分的热应变分布状况,为研究集成电路封装组件焊点的建模和热疲劳破坏机理提供了可靠的实验依据.     

球栅阵列倒装焊封装中的热应变值的测试

利用高温云纹实验方法测试球栅阵列(BGA)封装焊点的热应变,采用硅橡胶试件光栅复制技术,使测试环境温度提高到200℃.通过实时热应变测量,得到各焊点的热应变关系以及封装材料、电路板各部分的热应变分布状况,为研究集成电路封装组件焊点的建模和热疲劳破坏机理提供了可靠的实验依据.     

Sn0．45Ag0．68Cu无铅焊点热冲击性能的研究

采用Sn0．45A g0．68Cu亚共晶无铅钎料通过热浸焊获得铜接头,在－45～125℃的温度循环区间内对焊接接头进行200、400、600、800、1000周期高低温热冲击循环实验,分析了焊点的剪切强度变化,组织演变及界面IM C的生长规律。结果表明：焊点组织中弥散分布的Cu6Sn5相内部晶粒逐渐粗化长大,最后转变为圆形或者椭圆形;焊点界面IM C层厚度明显增厚,且由最初的细小扇贝状转变为大的波浪状,最终趋于平缓;焊点的剪切强度随热冲击循环周期的增加而急剧下降,经400周期的热冲击循环之后,焊点的剪切强度已下降了约22．5％,在400周期的热冲击循环后开始变得平缓,最后趋于稳定。     

Impact of Thermal Cycling on Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints and Board-Level Drop Reliability

The electronic packaging industry uses electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) or Cu-organic solderability preservative (Cu-OSP) as a bonding pad surface finish for solder joints. In portable electronic products, drop impact tests induce solder joint failures via the interfacial intermetallic, which is a serious reliability concern. The intermetallic compound (IMC) is subjected to thermal cycling, which negatively affects the drop impact reliability. In this work, the reliability of lead-free Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC) soldered fine-pitch ball grid array assemblies were investigated after being subjected to a combination of thermal cycling followed by board level drop tests. Drop impact tests conducted before and after thermal aging cycles (500, 1000, and 1500 thermal cycles) show a transition of failure modes and a significant reduction in drop durability for both SAC/ENIG and SAC/Cu-OSP soldered assemblies. Without thermal cycling aging, the boards with the Cu-OSP surface finish exhibit better drop impact reliability than those with ENIG. However, the reverse is true if thermal cycle (TC) aging is performed. For SAC/Cu-OSP soldered assemblies, a large number of Kirkendall voids were observed at the interface between the intermetallic and Cu pad after thermal cycling aging. The void formation resulted in weak bonding between the solder and Cu, leading to brittle interface fracture in the drop impact test, which resulted in significantly lower drop test lifetimes. For SAC/ENIG soldered assemblies, the consumption of Ni in the formation of NiCuSn intermetallics induced vertical voids in the Ni(P) layer.     

表贴元件与双列直插器件温循过程中焊点可靠性研究

研究了表贴电阻及插装DIP器件的焊点可靠性。参照ECSS相关标准对装联后表贴电阻及插装DIP进行温循试验,借助光学显微镜及SEM电镜分析焊点内裂纹位置及影响因素。结果表明,DIP焊点裂纹产生于焊料与引脚的焊点上圆角处以及焊料与焊盘界面拐角处,PCB厚度对裂纹长度影响不大。表贴电阻裂纹产生于电极与焊料界面拐角处及下界面处,器件尺寸越大裂纹尺寸越长。     

粘结层空洞对功率器件封装热阻的影响

功率器件的热阻是预测器件结温和可靠性的重要热参数,其中芯片粘接工艺过程引起的粘结层空洞对于器件热性能有很大的影响。采用有限元软件Ansys Workbench对TO3P封装形式的功率器件进行建模与热仿真,精确构建了不同类型空洞的粘结层模型,包括不同空洞率的单个大空洞和离散分布小空洞、不同深度分布的浅层空洞和沿着对角线分布的大空洞。结果表明,单个大空洞对器件结温和热阻升高的影响远大于相同空洞率的离散小空洞;贯穿粘结层的空洞和分布在芯片与粘结层之间的浅空洞会显著引起热阻上升;分布在粘结层边缘的大空洞比中心和其他位置的大空洞对热阻升高贡献更大。     

共晶锡铅焊料与薄金焊点可靠性研究

通过对共晶锡铅焊料和PCB UBM层电镀薄金焊盘反应后的界面微观组织观察和焊点断口力学性能分析,系统研究了PCB焊盘薄金对焊点焊接性能的影响。结合Au-Sn合金二元相图理论和Au在Sn中溶解速率,研究结果显示在一定应用场合,利用薄金焊盘可避免搪锡去金工艺,可有效地提高生产效率且无可靠性风险。     

大功率LED焊料层的可靠性研究

将功率循环方法应用于大功率LED焊料层的可靠性研究,对比分析了在650 mA,675 mA和700 mA电流条件下大功率LED焊料层的热阻退化情况。实验结果表明,循环达到一定次数,大功率LED热阻才开始退化,并呈线性增加,从而引起光通量下降;另外,失效循环次数与电流值之间呈线性关系,并外推出正常工作条件下焊料层寿命为90 968次。对样品进行了超声波检测(C-SAM),发现老化后LED焊料层有空洞形成,这说明空洞是引起热阻升高的主要原因。     

Thermal Cycling Aging Effect on the Reliability and Morphological Evolution of SnAgCu Solder Joints

In solder ball grid array (BGA) technology, solder joint reliability is one of the critical issues in microelectronics manufacturing industries. In this reliability aging study, Sn3.5AgO.7Cu solder joints were subjected to accelerated temperature cycling (ATC) test in TBGA assembly. Fatigue fracture occurred, very close to the solder/intermetallic compound (IMC) interface, at the TBGA component side due to the larger coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch compared to the PCB side. During reflow, needle-type and scallop-type morphologies of (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ IMCs were formed at the TBGA component and PCB interfaces. In the process of thermal cycling, a layer of (Ni,Cu)₃Sn₄ IMC grew beneath the (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ IMC due to the out diffusion of Ni from the under bump metallization (UBM). After extended thermal cycling aging, Ni-Sn-P IMC was found between the (Ni,Cu)₃Sn₄ IMC and the In₃P layer at the printed circuit board (PCB) interface. Grain ripening and spalling of (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ IMC grains into the solder joint was also observed in the process of thermal cycling. The spalling phenomena of (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ IMCs was caused by interface structure change and cyclic shear stresses and strains incurred during temperature cycling.     

Mechanisms of Creep Deformation in Pure Sn Solder Joints

The work reported here concerns the creep of pure Sn solder joints with Cu metallization (Cu||Sn||Cu). Steady-state creep tests in shear are combined with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of the evolution of the microstructure during creep to clarify the deformation mechanism and the nature of the microstructural evolution. The creep behavior of the joint changes significantly with temperature. At low temperature (65°C), two distinct creep mechanisms are observed. Low-stress creep is apparently dominated by grain boundary sliding, as evidenced by the low stress exponent (n ≈ 4), low activation energy (Q ≈ 42 kJ/mole), and significant grain rotation during creep. High-stress creep is dominated by bulk deformation processes, evidenced by a high stress exponent (n ≈ 9), an activation energy like that for bulk diffusion (Q ≈ 70 kJ/mole), and a relatively fixed microstructure. At high temperature all aspects of its behavior are consistent with deformation by bulk creep mechanisms; the stress exponent and activation energy are high (n ≈ 5 to 7, Q ≈ 96 kJ/mole), and despite significant grain coarsening, the microstructure retains (and strengthens) a fixed [001] texture. The results suggest that a “segmented” constitutive equation of Dorn type is most suitable for the low-temperature behavior, while a “hyperbolic” constitutive equation may be preferable at high temperature.