锆基大块非晶合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用电化学方法研究了3种锆基大块非晶合金Zr60Al15Ni25、Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15和Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5在1%、3.5%和10%（wt.%）NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.极化曲线的测试结果表明,在相同浓度NaCl溶液中Zr60Al15Ni25合金表面形成相对稳定的钝化膜,表现出较好的耐腐蚀能力.元素Cu和Be的添加,降低了合金Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5和Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15在NaCl溶液中的钝化能力,增加了点蚀的敏感性.失重法研究结果表明3种合金腐蚀速率的大小顺序依次为Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15〉Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5〉Zr60Al15Ni25.利用扫描电镜（SEM）和能量散射X射线谱（EDS）分析了极化后的合金表面,结果表明点蚀孔内部Zr、Al、Ni的选择性溶解和Cu在钝化膜下的富集导致了合金的耐腐蚀性能降低.     

通过制备非晶涂覆钢丝提高钢丝抗腐蚀性能

为了提高钢丝的耐腐蚀性能,使用连续涂覆工艺制备一系列锆基非晶合金(Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5)100-xNbx (x=0, 3, 5, 8 at. %)涂覆Q195钢丝。相分析结果表明涂层主要由非晶基体和一些金属间化合物组成;阳极极化实验发现所有非晶涂覆钢丝表现钝化行为,具有高的点蚀破钝电位和低的腐蚀电流。随着非晶涂层中铌含量增加,非晶涂覆钢丝的钝化区宽度增加,点蚀破钝电位升高。电子能谱分析发现,非晶涂覆钢丝抗点蚀性能提升可能与金属铌元素容易钝化,形成稳定钝化膜,同时能够稳定锆、钛,降低相分离有关。     

半固态处理对Zr_(60)Cu_(17.5)Al_(7.5)Ni_(10)Ti_5非晶形成能力和力学性能的影响

采用铜模吸铸法将Ti元素添加到Zr65Cu17.5Al7.5Ni10非晶合金中,制备得到直径为3 mm的大块非晶合金。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和微机控制电子式万能试验机等研究半固态处理对Zr60Cu17.5Al7.5Ni10Ti5大块非晶合金的微观组织结构、非晶形成能力、压缩力学性能以及断口形貌的影响。结果表明:半固态处理技术对非晶合金材料的组织结构和力学性能有很大的影响,能够提高非晶合金的强度和塑性;半固态下Zr60Cu17.5Al7.5Ni10Ti5表现出较好的非晶形成能力,表征非晶形成能力的参数Trg为0.618 9,过冷液相区△Tx达到40 K;且当吸铸电压为7 kV时试样的塑性最好,为1.94%,强度为1 487.411 MPa。     

Al对Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Be非晶合金热稳定性和力学性能的影响

利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)和室温压缩试验等分析手段,通过替代(Ti40Zr20Cu8Ni9Be18Al5)和掺杂[(Ti40Zr25Cu8Ni9Be18)0.95Al0.05)]两种元素添加方法,研究了5%(摩尔分数)Al元素对Ti40Zr25Cu8Ni9Be18非晶合金铸态组织、热稳定性和力学性能的影响。替代和掺杂的Al元素使直径为3mm的非晶合金棒状试样中分别析出了纳米晶和准晶。Al替代Zr使非晶合金薄带试样的过冷液相区从46K升高到50K,而以掺杂方式添加时却使其降低为31K。替代方式添加的Al元素使非晶合金的压缩断裂强度从1924MPa提高到2121MPa,但塑性应变从3.9%降低到了0.2%;而掺杂方式添加的Al元素使非晶合金强度降低为1475MPa,并呈现零塑性。     

微量Cr对Cu基块体非晶合金的形成能力及耐蚀性能的影响

XRD,DSC和DTA分析测试表明,微量Cr有利于提高块体非晶合金(Cu47Zr11Ti34Ni8)100-xCrx(x=0,0．5,1)非晶形成能力．室温动电位极化法对该合金在1mol／LHCI溶液、3％Nacl溶液和6mol／L KOH溶液中的电化学测试表明,非晶合金存在自钝化现象,随Cr含量增加,非晶合金的钝化区宽度显著增大,维钝电流密度降低,耐蚀性能增强,含微量Cr的Cu基块体非晶合金比不含Cr的具有更好的抗腐蚀性能,且远远优于不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的抗腐蚀性能．     

Y对Zr-Al-Co非晶合金在盐酸溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用真空单辊甩带法制备出成分为(Zr56Al16Co28)100-xYx(x=0,2,4)的合金试样,利用X射线衍射(XRD),电化学极化曲线和场发射扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Y对Zr-Al-Co非晶合金在1mol/L盐酸溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,在1mol/L盐酸溶液中,(Zr56Al16Co28)100-xYx(x=0,2,4)非晶耐腐蚀性能优于不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti),且添加适量的Y显著提高了非晶合金的耐腐蚀性。     

Zr基和Ti基块体非晶合金的电化学腐蚀性能(英文)

用电化学方法研究Ti基和Zr基非晶合金及与非晶成分相同的Zr基晶态合金在1mol/LH2SO4和3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。极化曲线测试结果表明:在H2SO4溶液中,Zr基非晶和晶态合金自腐蚀电位比Ti基非晶合金的低;在NaCl溶液中,Zr基晶态合金的自腐蚀电位最低,而且在腐蚀过程中没有发生钝化,然而非晶合金都表现出钝化特性。交流阻抗测试结果表明:在NaCl溶液中非晶合金比晶态合金表现出更好的耐腐蚀性能,但是在H2SO4溶液中并没看到它们之间有明显的区别。表面形貌分析表明:在NaCl溶液中,这2种非晶合金都发生点蚀,而在H2SO4溶液中所有试验合金都表现出类似的特征,试样表面基本保持平整,只是在腐蚀表面的局部区域有一些裂纹出现。     

块状非晶合金CU-Zr-Ti-Sn在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用电化学极化曲线方法和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了Cu60Zr30Ti10和(Cu60Zr30Ti10)99Sn1块状非晶合金及其晶化后在3．5％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为．极化曲线测试结果表明，(Cu60Zr30Ti10)99Sn1非晶合金在3．5％NaCl溶液中的阳极极化衄线有一定的钝化倾向，且其阳极电流密度较Cu60Zr30Ti10非晶合金的阳极电流密度有所降低；同时EIS结果显示，其电化学反应电阻Rt较Cu60Zr30Ti10的Rt值有所增大，说明添加1％Sn使非晶合金Cu60Zr30Ti10的耐蚀性能有所改善．相应成分晶化后的合金与非晶合金的极化曲线相比较，阳极极化表现出较大的钝化倾向，且阳极电流密度略有降低．晶化后合金的EIS测试显示有两个时间常数，即由高频容抗弧和低频容抗弧构成．晶化后合金与其非晶合金相比较，电化学反应电阻见明显增大，表明晶化后合金的耐蚀性能有所提高。     

高过冷度Zr-Cu-Ni-Al-Hf-Ti块体非晶合金

以Hf和Ti作为替换元素对Zr60Cu20Nil0Al10非晶合金进行了掺杂(替换法)研究．结果表明，掺杂元素含量有一最佳范围，其中，Ti的最佳含量约为2％(原子分数)左右，而Hf的最佳含量为3％．在最佳含量时二者都具有明显的扩大合金过冷温度区间ΔTx的作用．超过最佳掺杂量，会使非晶相变得不稳定，促进某些晶化相的形成，从而降低ΔTx．当采用Hf和Ti两种元素的最佳含量联合掺杂时，稳定非晶相的作用更加明显，并且ΔTx提高的幅度大于两种元素单独掺杂时的效果．ΔTx最大(144℃)的成分为：Zr60Cu20Ni8Al7Hf3Ti2，该合金Tg＝357℃，Tx＝501℃，Trg＝0．59．     

Sn对ZrTiNiCuAl非晶合金玻璃形成能力的影响

研究了固溶元素Sn掺杂对Zr52.5Ti5Ni14.6Cu17.9Al10非晶合金玻璃形成能力（GFA）的影响，结果发现，掺杂不同含量的Sn会使玻璃化温度Tg,晶化温度Tx不同程度地向高温移动，但对合金熔化温度Tm温度不大。当Sn的摩尔分数为1．86％时，合金玻璃化温度Tg提高了17℃，晶化温度Tx提高了36℃，从而使△Tx提高了19℃，玻璃化温度与合金熔点温度的比值Trg由0.63提高到0.65分析了Sn元素对Tg,Tx及玻璃形成能力的影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.