电子陶瓷用钛酸铅制备的研究

通过对碳酸盐沉淀法制备电子陶瓷用钛酸铅的研究,提出了合理的工艺方案和优化工艺条件。制得产品纯度PbTiO_3≥99.5％,PbO/TiO_2(摩尔比)=1.00,平均粒度d≤1μm,且粒度一致性好,呈球状,为优质的钛酸铅粉体原料。     

钛酸铅系薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及其应用

简单介绍了钛酸铅系薄膜的制备方法，分析了溶胶-凝胶法较其它方法的优点。探讨了钛酸铅溶胶的稳定因素，如原料、溶剂、添加剂的选取。阐述了热处理温度、时间，退火温度、时间，基片和过渡层对促进钛酸铅系薄膜晶化的影响，并对钛酸铅系薄膜的应用现状进行了概括，展望了钛酸铅系薄膜的发展前景。     

电子陶瓷的溶胶—凝胶法制备技术

本文介绍了溶胶-凝胶法在电子陶瓷材料制备中的应用。阐述了两大类型：胶体凝胶法和聚合凝胶法,后者又分为无机聚合网络凝胶法和有机聚合网络凝胶法。简单探讨了它们各自的适用范围,重点讨论电子陶瘊材料制备过程中的粉体团聚和膜裂纹扩展等有关问题。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备粒径可控的纳米钛酸铅

纳米钛酸铅是一种应用广泛的压电材料。采用溶胶-凝胶法研究了纳米钛酸铅的制备,考察了凝胶的煅烧温度、反应物的浓度及溶胶的反应温度对纳米颗粒粒径的影响和变化规律。研究表明,控制钛酸丁酯-醇溶液浓度为0.100～1.000 mol/L、醋酸铅-醋酸浓度为0.500～1.500 mol/L、溶胶反应温度为70～90℃、凝胶煅烧温度为400～800℃,可制备出平均粒径在20～50 nm范围的近似球形的四方相纳米钛酸铅。制备条件对纳米钛酸铅的粒径有显著影响:随溶胶反应温度和凝胶煅烧温度的升高,所制备纳米钛酸铅平均粒径增大;当醋酸铅-醋酸溶液浓度为1.500 mol/L,随钛酸丁酯-醇溶液浓度由0.100 mol/L增大至1.000 mol/L,所制备纳米钛酸铅粒径先增大后减小。制备粒径可控的纳米钛酸铅对其性能及应用具有重要的价值。     

冰醋酸对溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸铅陶瓷纤维的影响

溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸铅陶瓷纤维的好坏直接取决于溶胶的质量。采用冰醋酸作为催化剂,重点研究了冰醋酸的用量对溶胶的稳定性、产物的物相组成以及纤维形貌的影响,从而得出了合成稳定溶胶的最佳冰醋酸用量。     

钙钛矿型纳米钛酸铅的制备

以无水醋酸铅和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钙钛矿型纳米钛酸铅（PbTiO₃）粉体。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、粒度测试、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试手段,对制备的钛酸铅纳米粉体的结构、性质和形貌进行了表征,并讨论了影响溶胶-凝胶过程的诸因素。研究结果表明:无水乙醇、水解温度、丙三醇和热处理温度等因素均对溶胶-凝胶过程有明显的影响,其中反应温度对胶体形成时间的影响最明显。钙钛矿型钛酸铅晶体在450 ℃时形成,随着热处理温度的升高,粉体的物相组成也将发生变化。钛酸铅干凝胶在600 ℃热处理2 h后可以得到结晶程度很高、平均粒径为53.7 nm、颗粒大小分布均匀的纳米钛酸铅粉体。     

钛酸铅的水热法制备及其光催化活性的研究

用水热法制备了钛酸铅微晶并以此为催化剂 ,对水溶性染料光催化降解活性进行了研究 ,结果表明 :水热法制备钛酸铅微晶 ,方法简便、能耗少、产品后处理容易 ,具有较高的光催化活性且适应浓度范围广 ,染料浓度在 0～ 30 0 mg/L范围内对其活性影响不大。对 5 0 mg/L活性翠蓝 K-GL等多种染料溶液 ,以 1 0 mg/2 0 m L催化剂量 ,反应 30 min,脱色率均达 85 %以上 ,有机染料降解为无害无机小分子。     

锆钛酸铅纳米粉体的凝胶燃烧法制备及表征

以偏钛酸、双氧水、氨水、乙酸铅和硝酸锆为原料,乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA)为络合剂,柠檬酸为燃烧剂,采用凝胶燃烧法制备得到了锆钛酸铅(PbZr0.52Ti048O3,PZT)纳米粉体.首先,按相同摩尔比将偏钛酸溶于双氧水和氨水的混合溶液中,再加入适量的柠檬...     

钛酸钾晶须耐碱多孔陶瓷的制备及表征

The preparation and characterization of alkaline resistant porous ceramics from potassium titanate whiskers are studied. K2Ti4O9 whiskers in the whisker preforms （mixtures of K2Ti6O13 and K2Ti4O9） were completely converted to K2Ti6O13 at 960℃. The alkaline resistance as well as the change in bending strength, porosity and permeability of the ceramics was investigated by altering the composition of the preforms in which the content of K2Ti6O13 whiskers was higher than 50% （molar fraction）. The alkaline resistance of the porous K2Ti6O13 ceramics is found much higher than that of Al2O3 in caustic NaOH solutions, and further study indicates that the K2Ti6O13 ceramics can be stably used in solutions of pH〉2.0. The bending strength increases initially with the content of the raw K2Ti6O13 in the preforms up to 66% （molar fraction） and then decreases, contrary to the behaviors of porosity and permeability. The values of bending strength, porosity and permeability of the ceramics prepared from the preform of 80% （molar fraction） raw K2Ti6O13 whiskers are respectively 56MPa, 29.4% and 330L·m^-2〈h^-1 , which are comparable to those of the porous Al2O3 ceramics.     

粉体的燃烧合成技术及其在钛酸钡粉体制备中的应用

综述了燃烧法合成陶瓷粉体的原理、方法及其在钛酸钡粉体制备中的应用 ,比较了各种燃烧法合成钛酸钡粉体工艺的优缺点 ,并指出目前经济、有效地制备钛酸钡粉体的方法是以有机燃料和金属硝酸盐为原料的低温燃烧合成法。     

纳米钛酸钡的掺杂对陶瓷性能的影响

采用掺杂纳米级钛酸钡和碳酸锰的方法,观察了掺杂不同量纳米级钛酸钡和碳酸锰后的钛酸钡坯片烧结所得陶瓷表面的显微组织形貌的变化,研究了单一掺杂纳米级钛酸钡、单一掺杂碳酸锰、复合掺杂碳酸锰+纳米级钛酸钡对陶瓷制品晶粒尺寸与介电性能的影响。结果表明：掺杂纳米级钛酸钡对钛酸钡陶瓷制品的介电性能有显著的提升,但是随着掺杂量的进一步增加,其介电性能的变化不大;掺杂碳酸锰对钛酸钡陶瓷晶粒的细化效果优于掺杂纳米级钛酸钡的效果;复合掺杂1%（质量分数,下同）碳酸锰+1%纳米级钛酸钡所得陶瓷的致密性高于单一掺杂1%碳酸锰的效果。     

镧掺杂对钛酸铅粉体形貌及粒径的影响

稀土掺杂钛酸铅系陶瓷是一类重要的电子陶瓷材料,其表面形貌及粒径对材料性能有显著影响。采用水热法,以三水合乙酸铅和钛酸四丁酯为主要原料合成了一系列镧掺杂量不同的钛酸铅粉体,利用XRD、SEM、EDS、LPA等手段对粉体的物相、表面形貌及粒径进行了表征。结果表明:水热条件下制得的粉体中只有极少的镧(Ⅲ)取代铅(Ⅱ)进入晶格,大部分则以氢氧化镧的形式存在于晶粒间界处或被吸附在颗粒表面。未进入晶格的镧使晶粒产生择优取向,生长成棒状。粉体的粒径也因镧的引入而发生规律性变化。随着镧掺杂量的增加,粒径先减小后增大,当掺杂量x=0.05时出现临界点。     

多孔陶瓷制备技术的进展

多孔陶瓷是一种含有较多孔隙的无机功能材料,在化工、冶金、运输等领域有着广泛的应用前景.对多孔陶瓷的制备技术及最新研究进展进行了详细的综述,报道了一种在自蔓延高温合成法和发泡法基础上创新的制备方法--自蔓延高温合成喷射法,并对未来研究方向进行了展望,认为今后对多孔陶瓷制备技术的研究将沿着对现有技术进行改进及结合其他种类材料的制备技术进行创新等两个方向开展.     

Dielectric and structural studies of ferroelectric phase evolution in dipole-pair substituted barium titanate ceramics

Ba{[Ga_x,Ta_x]Ti_(1−2x)}O₃ ceramics with x equal to 0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, and 0.05 have been prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. Structural and dielectric characterization have been performed to investigate the effect of dipole-pair substitution concentration on the macroscopic dielectric properties. Ba{[Ga_x,Ta_x]Ti_(1−2x)}O₃ evolves from a classic ferroelectric to a diffuse phase transition (DPT) as x increases. Ba{[Ga_x,Ta_x]Ti_(1−2x)}O₃ for x ≥ 0.01 possesses diffuseness parameters comparable to Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) and recently reported (Ba_0.97Pr_0.03)(Ti_0.9425Ce_0.05)O₃ (BPTC), yet it lacks the frequency and temperature dependence of T_m necessary to be a strictly defined relaxor ferroelectric. Additionally, Ba{[Ga_0.05,Ta_0.05]Ti_0.9}O₃ possesses a relative permittivity, ɛ_r, of 700 ± 16% and dissipation factor less than 0.05 at 10 kHz within the temperature range [−75°C, 120°C]. In comparison to BaTiO₃, Ba{[Ga_x,Ta_x]Ti_(1−2x)}O₃ possesses enhanced electrical resistivity at and above room temperature. In situ XRD, including Rietveld refinement, have been performed to determine the lattice parameter, coefficient of thermal expansion, and phase transition temperature (T_c) of each composition within the temperature range [RT, 1000°C], thus linking the dielectric properties with the material's structure. These studies have been corroborated by temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy to compare the T_c determined by electrical and structural characterization. The properties of Ba{[Ga_x,Ta_x]Ti_(1−2x)}O₃ are discussed in context with available models that describe donor and acceptor dopants spatially separated in the parent matrix, inter-relating lattice parameter, Curie temperature, and other material properties.     

Influence of co-dopants average valence on microstructural and electromechanical properties of lead titanate ceramics

Effects of Ni, Nb and Mn co-doping on microstructural, dielectric and electromechanical properties of lead titanate (PT) dense ceramics, obtained as a result of decreasing lattice anisotropy with increasing amount of co-dopants, were investigated.Different values of the average valence (AV) of Ni–Nb co-dopants were obtained by mutual valence compensation between these acceptor–donor ions of various relative concentrations.Significantly higher amounts of Mn²⁺ (resulted by reduction of Mn⁴⁺ in presence of donor co-dopants) were found in materials with Ni–Nb AV > 4+. These materials show higher coupling factors, correlated with higher mechanical quality factors, compared to the rest of materials. Hard-like piezoelectric behavior was manifested in materials with Ni–Nb AV < 4+, whereas ceramics with Ni–Nb AV > 4+, and without manganese, turned out to have a soft-like behavior.Electromechanical properties of PT ceramics are discussed in terms of average valence of Ni–Nb co-dopants and multivalence state of manganese.     

Anisotropic effects of oxygen vacancy defects on the electrical properties of highly oriented bismuth titanate ferroelectric ceramics

Bismuth titanate (Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, BIT) exhibits a high Curie temperature and anisotropic electrical performance owing to its layered perovskite structure, and hence, it is an important ferroelectric material for high-temperature piezoelectric applications. It is crucial to understand the effects of the anisotropy in BIT-based ferroelectrics for developing novel high-temperature piezoelectric materials. In this study, a highly textured BIT ceramic was fabricated using the tape-casting technique from highly grain-oriented BIT platelets prepared by the molten salt method. The textured BIT ceramic showed a dense microstructure and high grain orientation along the (00l) plane with a texturing degree F_00l = 0.86. It exhibited significant anisotropy in the electrical properties along the directions parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the tape-casting plane. Double ferroelectric hysteresis P–E loops and normal ferroelectric P–E loops were observed in the parallel and perpendicular samples, respectively. In addition to the layered crystal structure and domains, the anisotropy in the arrangement of the oxygen vacancy defects and their transport in the structure led to a significant anisotropy in the ferroelectric properties of the textured BIT ceramics. This work demonstrates the anisotropic arrangement of the oxygen vacancy defects and its effect on the electrical properties of high-temperature bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics.     

均一球形BaTiO3超细粉体的制备技术

BaTiO₃材料因具有高介电常数及铁电、压电等特性广泛用于功能陶瓷等领域外，还因其具有高白度、高反射率等特点而在生物医药及干式诊断等领域也存在着潜在应用。本文介绍了均一粒径的球形BaTiO₃超细粉体的制备技术，简述了水热法、溶胶-凝胶法、沉淀法等制备技术的优势与不足，并对近年来兴起的新合成方法——传统湿化学联用法、新技术-湿化学联用法、全新湿化学合成法作了简要论述。具有操作简便、工艺简单、原料低廉易得等优势的沉淀法仍具有工业化发展前景，在此基础上的超重力沉淀制备技术可得到球形BaTiO₃超细粉体，利于后续工业化生产；而微通道技术有望制备得球形BaTiO₃超细粉体，其发展前景可观。对于新技术合成BaTiO₃机理还需深入研究；目前对均一球形BaTiO₃超细粉体的研究大多处于实验室小规模生产，其工业放大生产所需合成装置有待进一步探索。