专卖时代来了吗？——盯住专卖店

三级市场，大连锁没有到，品牌专卖店先到了。海尔专卖店比过去几年增加了，有的地区还开始了向乡镇扩展，在一些城市开起了专业的品牌专卖店，如海尔热水器专卖店。华帝厨卫专卖店扩张也在提速，加盟店在增加：幸福树专卖店也从一省向多省发展。听说做黑色家电的厂家创维等也开店了，做白色家电的小天鹅也有开店计划。空调专卖店早已经有人做了，小家电、厨房电器行业的专卖店也开始了，帅康方太有了以厨柜为载体的厨房专卖店，荣事达厨卫体验店也在珠三角开始了建设步伐。     

自动化监控系统在水电厂中的应用分析

社会在不断发展和进步,与此同时科技也在不断创新中。水电厂的监控系统也在不断地完善中,也更加方便人们在实际操作中的流程步骤,同时安全性也大大提高。因此,水电厂中自动化的监控系统也成为了水电厂安全经济的必然存在模式。     

后张法预应力混凝土施工技术在水利工程中的应用

社会的不断进步,使得人们的思想意识也发生了很大的变化,人们对建筑工程的质量要求也提出了更高的要求,同时对自身的生活和工作场所的环境也提出了新的要求。在现在,建筑工程施工中出现了越来越多的新材料,这些新材料的出现,对建筑工程的质量有了很大的改善,同时,在重量方面也出现了很大的变化。在建筑工程施工中,预应力混凝土结构在跨度和厚度方面都出现了新的优势,同时在使用过程中效果也是非常好的,这样就使得在很多的水利工程中,预应力混凝土施工技术得到了非常广泛的应用,而且应用效果也是非常好的。     

ABB智能照明系统在智能建筑中的应用

在科学技术不断发展的情况下,建筑业也得到了快速发展,在这种情况下,逐渐出现了智能建筑,这种建筑也慢慢成为了人们关注的重点。在智能建筑发展过程中,ABB智能照明系统得到了非常广泛的应用,这种照明系统在使用的时候线路设计是非常简单的,系统在进行安装的时候也非常方便,而且,在进行操作和维护的时候也非常容易,因此,这种照明系统在智能建筑中得到了非常好的发展。     

探讨中外竞技游泳训练比较

随着国内多年对于体育运动的重视,各项体育项目也在中国开始了研究和发展的道路。竞技游泳,作为一项传统的体育项目,也在中国得到了良好的发展,在短短几年内培训出了大批优秀的竞技游泳运动员,让中国在世界游泳比赛上也拥有了一席之地。     

浅析建筑施工裂缝出现的原因及预防措施

近年来,我国城市化进程非常快速,在城市发展过程中,基础设施建设取得了很大的成绩,这样也使得建筑行业在发展过程获得了很大的机会。建筑行业在发展过程中对建筑材料的质量非常重视,这样也对建筑行业的发展带来了新的机遇。随着经济的快速发展,建筑行业在发展过程中出现了快速发展情况,这样也导致其在发展过程中出现了很多的质量问题。文章对建筑施工中出现的混凝土裂缝问题进行了分析,对裂缝出现的原因进行了分析,同时也提出了一些预防措施。     

为女儿寻找榜样的力量

正女儿立下要嫁就嫁有钱人的誓言,并以学校里的富家子弟为目标做了一个"进攻"规划图。这一切,令我在吃凉之余,也开始反省自己对女儿追星的态度,同时也想到了自己成长过程中的榜样。45岁的我也加入到了追星的队伍当中,跟着女儿一道,在明星身上寻找女儿成长的营养。女儿立下要嫁就嫁有钱人的誓言,并以学校里的富家子弟为目标做了一个"进攻"规划图。这一切,令我在吃惊之余,也开始反省自己对女儿追星的态度,同时也想到了自己成长过程中的榜样。45岁的我也加入到了追星的队伍当中,跟着女儿一道,在明星身上寻找女儿成长的营养。     

水性网印油墨在纺织品印花中的应用

随着工业的快速发展,印刷业也有了飞速的发展,同时对环境的污染也在成倍地增长。人们生活水平也不断地提高,对无毒、环保、健康、节能产品追求的意识提高。国家也提倡"可持续发展"、"绿色环保",就在这种背景下我们的油墨市场也面临着一场新的变革,水性油墨涂料在这种背景下应运而生。水性油墨大大减少了VOC的排放,有的甚至消除了VOC的排放,水性油墨也是唯一被美国FDA证实可以直接接触类食品包装用的油墨。     

浅析现代路桥设计中的结构设计应用

伴随着我国经济的快速发展,交通运输行业也发生了巨大的变化,路桥作为交通运输业的一个基础,不仅在一定程度上缓解了交通压力,同时也促进了我国城市化的发展。虽然我国的路桥工程也在现代化的发展中不断完善,但是路桥设计施工中也存在着很多的问题需要加以重视。文章主要是对桥梁结构化设计的必要性和结构化设计在桥梁设计中的应用进行了分析。     

高层框架梁柱节点施工存在的问题及控制措施

伴随着我国的社会不断的向前进步,我国的经济也在进行着稳定的发展,人们的生活水平也渐渐的提高了,消费水平也相应的上升了,在住房上对工程建筑的要求也逐渐变高了,对工程建筑的质量的要求也是越优质的越好,所以在工程建设中每个工序都进行严格的要求,在我国的工程建设中,高层框架梁柱节点的施工是其中的一道较为重要工序,其的重要性也是不言而喻的。但是在社会飞速发展的今天,其在高层框架梁柱节点施工中,也存在着了相应的问题,怎样才能够解决这些问题那。下面笔者将对高层的工程建筑的建设中所存在的问题进行说明,同时也将提出相应的改进措施,希望能对相关人员有所帮助。     

Season and treatment effects on serum prolactin and milk yield during induced lactation

Nineteen nonpregnant, nonlactating dairy cows were allotted to three treatments to induce lactation during winter, 1976, or spring, 1977. All groups received 17 beta-estradiol (.1 mg/kg) days 1 to 7. Groups 2 and 3 also received progesterone (.25 mg/kg) days 1 to 7. Groups 1 and 2 were given reserpine (5 mg intramuscular) on days 8, 10, 12, and 14. Group 3 received reserpine (5 mg intramuscular) on days 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. Blood samples were collected for prolactin analysis just prior to and 3 h after reserpine injection. Mean daily temperatures were 11.9 C for spring group and -6.5 C for winter group. Comparisons of spring with winter for basal prolactin concentrations, reserpine-stimulated prolactin concentrations, and 100-day milk yields were 44 with 10 ng/ml, 482 with 199 ng/ml, and 1991 with 862 kg. Differences in prolactin concentrations and milk yields among hormone and reserpine treatments could not be detected, but cows on treatment 3 in the spring gave the largest yield of milk. Prolactin concentrations were correlated with milk yields among cows and among cows within seasons. Seasonal differences demonstrate the critical role of prolactin in the treatment to induce lactation.     

季节变化对杂交鲟鱼肉营养成分的影响

采集春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的杂交鲟鱼(Huso dauricus ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂) 样品,分析比较肌肉基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、矿物元素组成的差异。结果表明:鲟鱼肉脂肪含量季节变化特点明显,以秋季鲟鱼肉脂肪含量为最高（P<0.05）,而后依次为冬季、春季、夏季的鲟鱼肉;蛋白质含量以冬季鲟鱼肉最高,春季、夏季、秋季鲟鱼肉依次下降;春季鲟鱼肉必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸及总氨基酸含量最高,但秋季鲟鱼肉必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例最高,冬季鲟鱼肉鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例最高;夏季、秋季鲟鱼肉多不饱和脂肪酸及二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量显著高于冬季、春季（P < 0.05）,脂肪酸不饱和度受季节影响差异并不显著（P>0.05）;矿物元素含量在春、夏两季鲟鱼肉中较高。季节对鲟鱼肉的营养组成影响明显,分析不同季节杂交鲟鱼肉的营养组成,可为后续开发加工提供理论依据,在加工中可根据需要选择适宜季节的养殖鲟鱼。     

Comparison of Gel-forming Properties of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Surimi Prepared in Different Seasons

ABSTRACT: The gel-forming properties of silver carp surimi made in different seasons were compared. Surimi prepared in winter and spring formed gel at 30°C, while autumn and summer surimi required a higher temperature of 40°C for gel formation. All surimi showed marked disintegration when incubated at 60°C. Ca²⁺-ATPase inactivation rate of myofibrils prepared from 4 surimi samples showed that myofibrils in autumn and summer surimi were much more stable than those in winter and spring surimi by about 10°C. These results demonstrated a close relationship between the gel-forming temperature of surimi and the thermal stability of myofibrils in surimi, namely that autumn and summer surimi containing stable myofibrils required higher temperature than winter and spring surimi for the gel formation.     

Microbial contamination occurring on lamb carcasses processed in the United States

Lamb carcasses (n = 5,042) were sampled from six major lamb packing facilities in the United States over 3 days during each of two visits (fall or winter, October through February; spring, March through June) in order to develop a microbiological baseline for the incidence (presence or absence) of Salmonella spp. and for populations of Escherichia coli after 24 h of chilling following slaughter. Samples also were analyzed for aerobic plate counts (APC) and total coliform counts (TCC). Additionally, incidence (presence or absence) of Campylobacter jejuni/coli on lamb carcasses (n = 2,226) was, determined during the slaughtering process and in the cooler. All samples were obtained by sponge-sampling the muscle-adipose tissue surface of the flank, breast, and leg of lamb carcasses (100 cm2 per site; 300 cm2 total). Incidence of Salmonella spp. in samples collected from chilled carcasses was 1.5% for both seasons combined, with 1.9% and 1.2% of fall or winter and spring samples being positive, respectively. Mean (log CFU/cm2) APC, TCC, and E. coli counts (ECC) on chilled lamb carcasses across both seasons were 4.42, 1.18, and 0.70, respectively. APC were lower (P < 0.05) in samples collected in the spring versus fall or winter, while TCC were higher in samples collected in the spring. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between ECC from samples collected in the spring versus winter. Only 7 out of 2,226 total samples (0.3%) tested positive for C. jejuni/coli, across all sampling sites. These results should be useful to the lamb industry and regulatory authorities as new regulatory requirements for meat inspection become effective.     

服装流行色的季节差异及关联性研究

为揭示服装流行色的季节差异及其变化规律,以2012-2019年中国服装流行色定案为研究对象,依据中国色彩标准体系(CNCS)对色彩进行量化,采用统计分析与灰色关联分析,探究季节服装流行色的波动规律与色彩特征。结果表明:服装流行色呈现一定的季节差异,不同色彩存在不同的季节模式,即春夏以高明度、高纯度和暖色系为主,秋冬则会增大低/中明度、低/中纯度和冷色系色彩的使用比例;秋冬服装流行色会受到春夏流行色的影响,但不同色彩的关联度存在差异;秋冬服装流行色的波动较大,春夏服装流行色的波动则比较平缓。     

Effect of fresh grass feeding,pasture grazing and organic/biodynamic farming on bovine milk triglyceride profile and implications for authentication

In the present study, 113 tank milk samples were collected from 30 farms located in the Netherlands and analyzed for their triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol profiles. Significant differences in the TAG profile between winter and spring–early summer milk were observed. The differences between milk from cows on pasture and stabled cows collected in spring–early summer were less remarkable than those between spring–early summer and winter milk. Classification models based on partial least square discriminant analysis of the TAG profile were developed for the prediction of fresh grass feeding, pasture grazing and organic farming. Milk from cows that had fresh grass in the daily ration could be distinguished from milk from cows that had no fresh grass with sensitivity and specificity values >85 %. However, the specificity reduced to 72 % when the samples collected in spring–early summer were considered only. Authentication of pasture grazing and of organic/biodynamic farming based on TAG profile proved difficult during the grazing period.     

Volatile composition and aroma-active compounds of farmhouse Idiazabal cheese made in winter and spring

Volatile composition and aroma compounds of Idiazabal PDO cheeses made in winter and spring were compared. In these seasons flock management differs: concentrate and conserved forages are fed in winter whereas a part-time grazing system is used in spring. Commercial cheeses from ten farmhouses were analysed during ripening. Acids, carbonyl compounds, esters, and alcohols were the main volatiles in both seasons. The shift from winter to spring management led to a higher proportion of esters and alcohols, and a lower proportion of ketones and aldehydes. More than 30 odour-active compounds were identified by olfactometry with butanoic acid, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate and 2-heptanone being the principal ones. Coinciding with fresh pasture grazing in spring, the odour impact ratios of esters and alcohols increased, indicating that spring cheeses might have more intense fruity and sweet overtones in comparison with winter cheeses.     

牛栏山二锅头蒸馏过程中骨架成分变化规律研究

采用气相色谱法测定分析冬季、春季牛栏山二锅头大茬、二茬在不同时间段原酒及蒸馏过程风味物质含量的变化规律。结果表明，总酸含量冬季是春季的2～3倍，乙酸含量占总酸的75%以上，蒸馏过程含量升高2～4倍。醇类在蒸馏过程中逐渐降低，酒尾比酒头含量下降50%～75%，除正丙醇冬季高于春季外，异丁醇和异戊醇含量冬春两季差别不大。乙酸乙酯在酒头中占总酯90%，酒尾中仅占3.18%～5.71%，其含量冬春两季差别不大；乳酸乙酯春季高于冬季，蒸馏过程中含量逐渐增加，酒尾中其含量占总酯93%以上。冬季乙醛和糠醛含量约是春季的5倍，在蒸馏过程中乙醛含量下降了75%以上，糠醛含量则升高了2～3倍。该研究为科学有效地量质取酒、分级贮存、基酒勾调、产品研发等提供真实、可靠的数据支持。     

不同时期鲳鱼冷藏期间优势腐败菌的多样性变化

目的：比较分析不同时期冷藏鲳鱼（Pampus argenteus）贮藏期间的感官品质、pH值、微生物指标与主要微生物菌群的变化规律。方法：冷藏（4±1） ℃条件下,以感官评定、pH值与菌落总数为品质评价指标,采用聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）扩增结合生理生化鉴定法分别对冬、春两个时期的鲳鱼进行优势腐败菌的变化规律研究。将经细菌培养与分离纯化得到单菌落按其形态特征进行分类,再通过生理生化鉴定与革兰氏染色,初步得到菌落种类,对单菌落进行DNA提取与PCR扩增并测序。结果：冬季样品获得12 种菌株,春季样品获得9 种菌株。贮藏末期时,冬季样品中优势腐败菌的种类与比例分别为嗜冷杆菌（Psychrobacter spp.）21.51%、草莓假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fragi）16.13%、荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）52.68%与热杀索丝菌（Brochothrix thermosphacta）9.68%;春季样品为草莓假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fragi）8.62%、荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）64.66%与腐败希瓦氏菌（Shewanella putrefaciens）26.72%。结论：冬、春时期中冷藏鲳鱼贮藏期间优势腐败菌的种类基本一致,以革兰氏阴性菌为主,但在细菌种类与比例上存在差异,冬季样品的微生物种类较春季丰富。贮藏期间,随着荧光假单胞菌所占比例的增加,使腐败希瓦氏菌的生长受到明显抑制。     

中国主要小麦种植区雨养条件下水分胁迫发生规律模拟--测试文章

运用EPIC（Environmental Policy Integrated Climate）作物生长模型模拟了1961—2011年中国各小麦种植区小麦生长过程,对中国各小麦种植区小麦生育期内水分胁迫规律进行了分析。结果表明：雨养条件下,全国11个小麦种植区的水分胁迫程度可分为3个等级;冬麦区（新疆冬麦区除外）和东北春麦区水分胁迫均值、发生频率均明显低于其他春麦区;南方的3个冬麦区（华南、西南、长江中下游）,水分胁迫的程度、发生频率均低于其他麦区;黄淮、北部冬麦区水分胁迫规律相似,在1、2月和5、6月较高,而北部冬麦区水分胁迫程度和发生频率略高于黄淮冬麦区;北部、西北、北疆春麦区、新疆冬麦区在雨养条件下水分胁迫最为严重,如果没有灌溉,小麦几乎绝收,尤其是新疆冬麦区。